名词性从句常见错误例析

刘　玉

名词性从句是中学英语语法的重点和难点，许多学生在使用时容易犯这样或那样的错误。现就学生常犯的一些错误分析如下：

一、混淆that与what的用法

1. 【误】That we need is more practice．

【正】What we need is more practice．

【正】All (that) we need is more practice．

解析: that 在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义, 也不在从句中充当句子成分, 只起连接的作用; what引导的名词性从句意为“……的东西（事情）”或“什么”，在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语,相当于all that。本句中的what 充当need 的宾语。

二、混淆if与whether的用法

2. 【误】The question is if we should ask them for help.

【正】The question is whether we should ask them for help.

3. 【误】It depends on if the manager will agree to the plan or not.

【正】It depends on whether the manager will agree to the plan or not.

4. 【误】We didnt know if or not she was ready to start work.

【正】We didnt know whether or not she was ready to start work.

解析:if只能引导宾语从句，而whether则能引导各种名词性从句（除否定的宾语从句外）。而且，作介词的宾语时，只能用whether引导。whether引导宾语从句可与or not直接连用，而if则不能。

三、混淆that, why和because三者的用法

5. 【误】The reason why I was very late for school this morning is because I stayed up too late last night．

【正】The reason why I was very late for school this morning is that I stayed up too late last night．

6. 【误】I was very late for school this morning． Thats why I stayed up too late last night．

【正】I was very late for school this morning． Thats because I stayed up too late last night．（前面为结果，后面为原因。）

【正】I stayed up too late last night． Thats why I was very late for school this morning．（前面为原因，后面为结果。）

解析:why引导的名词性从句或reason作主语时，其后的表语从句常用that引导，而不用because； because引导表语从句时常用于Thats because…这一句型，说明产生上述结果的原因；why引导名词性从句说明由上述原因而导致的必然结果。

四、遗漏连词that

7. 【误】He failed the exam surprised all of us.

【正】That he failed the exam surprised all of us.

8. 【误】We decided, in view of his special circumstances, we would admit him for a short period.

【正】We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would

admit him for a short period.

9. 【误】The teacher said the text was very important and we should learn it by heart.

【正】The teacher said that the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.

解析:that在引导宾语从句时常可省略，但在下列情况下，that不可省略：

(1)引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时; (2)宾语从句被分隔时； (3)宾语从句不止一个时。

五、 混淆疑问词＋ever引导的名词性从句以及与no matter＋疑问词的区别

10. 【误】No matter who broke the law will be punished.

【正】Whoever broke the law will be punished.

解析:疑问词＋ever既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句; 而no matter＋疑问词只能引导让步状语从句而不能引导名词性从句。

六、混淆whoever与 whomever

11. 【误】We wrote a letter of thanks to whomever had helped us.

【正】We wrote a letter of thanks to whoever had helped us.

解析:whoever引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语，故不能用whomever。

七、混淆相似句型

12. 【误】As is known to everyone that the headmaster always means what he says.

【正】As is known to everyone, the headmaster always means what he says.

【正】It is known to everyone that the headmaster always means what he says.

解析:as作为关系代词引导非限制性定语从句可放在主句之前，并用逗号与主句隔开；it 作为形式主语而将that引导的主语从句后置以保持句子的平衡，且that不能省。

八、语序倒装

13. 【误】Where has he been is still a puzzle.

【正】Where he has been is still a puzzle.

解析:名词性从句一律用陈述语序。

九、从句时态错误

14. 【误】He asked me whether she will be back soon.

【正】He asked me whether she would be back soon.

15. 【误】I dont know when he comes．（误为时间状语从句）

【正】I dont know when he will come.

解析:主句谓语动词的时态为过去时态，名词性从句谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去时态（表示客观真理时用一般现在时）。

十、从句语气错误

16. 【误】My suggestion is that we would go there by train．

【正】My suggestion is that we （should） go there by train．

解析: 主语为suggestion, advice， demand， decision， order, proposal， requirement， request 等名词时, 表语从句要用虚拟语气, 即用“(should)+动词原形”的结构。这些名词的同位语从句也要用虚拟语气。

十一、主谓不一致

17. 【误】When and where we will hold the meeting have not been decided.

【正】When and where we will hold the meeting has not been decided.

18. 【误】What we badly need is young engineers.

【正】What we badly need are young engineers.

解析:名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。但what引导主语从句时，谓语动词视表语而定：若表语为单数名词或不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数；若表语为可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数。

强化练习:

1. The question came up at the meeting ____ we had enough money for our research.

A. that B. if C. which D. whether

2. An advertisement is useful in ____ it can let customers know of the kinds of goods in the shop.

A. that B. which C. what D. where

3. Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats ____ it takes to anything well.

A. what B. that C. which D. why

4. ____ wants to see the film must buy a ticket.

A. No matter who B. Anyone else

C. Whoever D. Those who

5. Please give the book to ____ comes here first.

A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. whom

6. Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia(西伯利亚) and ____ more than 10,000 years

ago.

A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now

C. is now Alaska D. what is now Alaska

7. ——Could you do me a favor?

——It depends on ____ it is.

A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever

8. We havent settled the question of ____ it is necessary for him to study abroad.

A. if B. where C. whether D. that

9. I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he ____ home for dinner.

A. come B. comes C. has come D. will come

10. There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.

A. that B. which C. until D. if

11. ____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.

A. What…because B. What…that

C. That…what D. That…because

12. ____ surprised us very much that Tom should have left without a word.

A. He B. It C. This D. That

13. ____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

14. The reason why he didn?蒺t come to school was ____ he was ill.

A. because B. why C. how D. that

15. What the children in the mountain village need ____ good books.

A. is B. are C. have D. has

16. Whether he comes to the party ____ too much.

A. not matter B. do matter C. don?蒺t matter D. matters

17. His suggestion that you ____ once more sounds reasonable.

A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try

18. It is strange that he ____ you this.

A. would tell B. should tell C. has told D. had told

19. They want to know ____ do to help us.

A. what can they B. what they can

C. how they can D. how can they

20. I don't mind ____ they will come.

A. if or not B. whether or not

C. whether or no D. if or no

Key(4)