“双减”背景下初中英语分层作业设计的策略与实践

2024-10-16 00:00郑燕
校园英语·上旬 2024年3期

摘 要:分层作业设计关注学生的个体差异和个性需求,通过设计分层作业,所有学生都可以选择适合自己水平的作业。本文对初中英语分层作业设计展开探究,助力“双减”政策的有效落实。

关键词:“双减”背景;分层作业;作业设计

作者简介:郑燕,浙江省衢州市龙游县第三中学。

《关于进一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担的意见》(简称“双减”政策),明确要求教师要发挥作业诊断、巩固、学情分析等功能,提高作业设计质量,鼓励布置分层、弹性和个性化作业。然而,当前教师在作业设计上依然存在着较多问题,如作业量多而内容贫乏,忽视实践性;作业类型单一,缺乏可选择性和层次性;作业评价方式唯一,作业难度统一,育人价值缺失。

一、初中英语分层作业设计策略

高质量的作业既能帮助学生巩固知识、发展技能,又能激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的学习自信心。

1.在内容层面,作业设计要具有多维性。作业内容不应局限于知识和技能的重复训练,更是要发展学生深入思考和解决问题的能力。除了书面作业,教师也要设计一定的非书面作业,促使学生参与实践、探究和合作活动。

2.在结构层面,作业难度要具有适切性。作业设计要面向全体学生,教师应依据学生的英语学习水平差异设计梯度作业,让所有学生都能选择适合自己水平的作业。

3.在评价层面,作业评价要具有个性化。“双减”政策要求作业评价不能只是起到诊断作用,更要发挥其激励功能。英语作业设计要注重素养立意,通过多元评价,使不同学习水平的学生都有积极的情感体验, 发挥作业的育人价值。

二、初中英语分层作业设计案例探析

教师将学生分成 A(学有余力)、B(能力中等)、C(学困生)三个层次,作业难度用☆号标注。本文以外研版初中英语教材为例,从学习目标出发,探析听说教学、读写教学和复习课等课型的分层作业设计案例。

(一)听说教学的作业设计

听说教学指向学生英语听力、口语表达能力的培养,作业设计可遵循听音为先-模仿训练-内化生成-迁移输出的路径。外研版初中英语教材每个单元的第一个板块都以听说为主,所以教师可以设计听读单词和主题句的作业。具体作业设计案例如下:

课题:七年级下册Module2 Unit1 I play the piano

作业目标:

1.听读识记本课的单词词组和有关校园俱乐部的英语表达。

2. 能运用can询问他人是否具有某项能力并掌握其回答句式。

3. 能根据自己的能力或特长加入适合的俱乐部。

作业内容:

基础型作业☆

1.看图写单词

2.听读驿站

(1)Listen and read the dialogue in Activity2.

(2)Find the clubs of the dialogue and read them.

达标型作业☆☆

1.用be动词、助动词do和情态动词can的适当形式填空。

(1)—____ you run? —Yes, I can. (2)—Can he play football? —No, he ____.

(3)The desk____ near the door. (4)____ she have noodles for lunch?

2.采访至少两位同伴,在他们会的才艺下面打“√”,不会的下面打“×”。

拓展型作业☆☆☆

我校俱乐部正在招募新会员,请模拟社团招募现场展开一段英语对话。

A:There are many interesting clubs this term. What club ________________?

B: I want to ________________.

A: Can you________________?

B: Yes, ____. And I'm good at________./ No,________. But I would like to/want to learn ________. What about you?

A:I would like to/want to ________, because I________ (like/be good at/ be interested in/want to make friends/ hope to learn more.

设计意图:基础型作业主要内容为掌握和运用基础词汇,进行简单交际,使C层次的学生在完成作业时能找到英语学习的舒适区。达标型作业中增加了对be 动词、助动词 do/does和情态动词 can 的巩固练习, 旨在让B层次学生区分易混知识点。拓展型作业重在培养A层次学生的思维方式和语用能力。

(二)读写教学的作业设计

读写教学包括阅读教学和写作,学生从语篇中学到的篇章结构、叙事方式及表达方法都可运用在自己的写作中。读写作业主要由语篇基础知识、语篇理解和文本体裁识别、读写结合拓展学习组成,教师提供写作支架,降低写作任务难度,具体作业设计案例如下:

课题:八年级上册Module7Unit2 She was thinking about her cat

作业目标:

1.识记本单元的单词短语并完成课文故事复述。

2.能根据故事内容正确标记事件的发生顺序。

3.能展开想象,续写该故事。

作业内容:基础型作业☆

1.英汉互译

(1)无事可做(2)偶尔(3)look into(4)run after (5)跑过田野 (6)太......而不能 ......(7)降落(8)干燥的树叶

2.Read the story of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and complete the blank.

conversations follow hole pink pocket river strange

One day, Alice was sitting with her sister by the ___________ and her sister was reading a book with no pictures or ___________.

At that time, a white rabbit with __________ eyes ran by. There was nothing _________ about that. Then the rabbit took a watch out of its ___________ and looked at it. Alice ___________ the rabbit and fell down a ___________ . Alice had a lot of adventures in Wonderland.

达标型作业☆☆

1. Read the story and number the events in the order they happened.

A. Alice ran across the field after the rabbit.

B. Alice was sitting by the river with her sister.

C. Alice landed on some dry leaves.

D. A rabbit ran by.

E. Alice fell down a hole.

2.Read the story and answer these questions

(1)What kind of story is Alice's Adventures in Wonderland?

(2)Did Alice like her sister's book? How do you know?

(3)Where did the rabbit take out of its watch? What happened then?

拓展型作业☆☆☆

设计意图:读写作业要求学生具备一定的综合英语素养。C层次学生词汇量不足,基础型作业侧重对语篇的重点词汇、固定搭配和关键句式的掌握。针对B层学生,教师更注重培养其阅读理解能力及对不同文体特征的了解。拓展型作业要求A 层学生深化和拓展语篇知识,实现以读促写。

故事续写:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland

(三)复习教学的作业设计

复习是教师指导学生进行温故知新,使知识系统化的过程。作业主要由词汇和语法复习、读写结合、分享表演等组成。教师可创设单元微任务,带领学生从“学科逻辑”走向“学习逻辑”。具体作业设计案例如下:

课题:项目式学习:中国故事·世界表达

作业目标:

1.朗读并了解有关中国文化的谚语、俗语。

2.能根据首字母正确补全单词。

3.能编排表演有关中国文化的经典故事。

作业内容:

基础型作业☆

1.中华故事大家知

(1)A thief saw a doorbell hanging on the neighbor's door. So he covered his own ears and tried to steal the bell. __________

(2)In the State of Qi, there was a man who was worried that the sky might fall, so he could neither eat nor sleep well. __________

(3) It was too hot to live under the suns. To save the people, Hou Yi shot down nine of the sun one by one,just left one.__________

2.请阅读包含中国文化元素的句子并完成填空。

(1)Dumplings are one of the most t__________ food in the north of China.

(2)People usually c__________ the Spring Festival in January or February.

(3)The Mid-Autumn Festival __________(celebrate)it in most East Asian countries.

达标型作业☆☆

1.中英文互译

(1)No pain, no gain. (2)有志者事竟成。

(3)Practice makes perfect. (4)不到长城非好汉。

2.用所给词的正确形式完成故事。

book candle hole read you be read happy with because

Kuang Heng was born in a poor family. He liked ________ very much. He needed to work at daytime, so he had to read ________ during night. But he was too poor to buy a candle.

One day, he found his neighbour had ________, but the light couldn't go through his room. So he dug a small _________on the wall so that he could use the light to read books. From that day, he read every night ________ the light went out. However, he finished reading all his books and there ________ no books for him to read. Then he went to a rich man's house and worked for him ________ payment. The rich man asked: “ Why don't you want the money?” Kuang Heng said: “ ; ________I only want to borrow ________books.” The rich man agreed. Kuang Heng read the books ________.

Finally, he became a great scholar.

拓展型作业☆☆☆

1.Choose a story and act it in a group.

2.Discuss: What can you learn from the story?

设计意图:基础型作业帮助C层次学生从熟知的中国故事和包含中国文化元素的句子入手,完成对相关英语知识的巩固与运用;达标型作业设置主要包含中国文化元素的英汉互译和选词填空题,加深学生对中国文化的了解;拓展型作业凸显迁移创新,促进A层次学生实现学以致用。

作业是学生理解、巩固课堂所学知识的一种重要形式,是将知识转化为能力和素养的实践活动。“双减”背景下的英语分层作业设计有效优化作业形式和内容, 发挥了作业的育人价值,让学生体会到英语学习的乐趣。

参考文献:

[1]程晓堂.义务教育课程标准(2022年版)课例式解读 初中英语[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2022.

[2]教育部.义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)[S].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2022.

[3]付婧.关于小学高年级英语作业的多维化设计研究[J].课程教材教学研究,2020(3):130-131.