戴巧红 陈安儿
[摘要] 目的 探討剖宫产术中应用压脉带捆绑子宫下段阻断子宫血供联合多种缝合方式切除子宫肌瘤的疗效评价。方法 选取2015—2020年宁波市妇女儿童医院收治的因瘢痕子宫行择期剖宫产术的产妇共260例,采用随机数字表法分为两组。研究组130例,剖宫产术中用压脉带捆绑子宫下段并行子宫肌瘤切除术;对照组130例,行单纯剖宫产术。通过查阅患者病历资料及电话回访,收集患者的一般资料、手术相关资料、术后恢复情况等,并进行对比分析。结果 研究组产妇手术时间长于对照组[(72.01±22.63)min vs.(58.78±11.64)min],术中出血量多于对照组[(543.52±294.79)ml vs.(412.46±98.49)ml],术后发热比例高于对照组(10.0% vs. 0.8%),术后住院时间长于对照组[(5.13±1.23)d vs.(4.47± 0.72)d],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组与对照组患者术后排气时间比较[(16.07±4.90)h vs.(16.14±4.93)h],差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组均无再次手术及死亡病例,新生儿出生情况均良好。结论 剖宫产术中行压脉带捆绑子宫下段联合多种缝合方式切除子宫肌瘤,虽增加术中出血量、手术时间、术后发热概率、住院时间,但可帮助患者同时解决子宫肌瘤疾病,且未出现严重并发症。
[关键词] 妊娠合并子宫肌瘤;剖宫产;压脉带;基底部钱包缝合;出血
[中图分类号] R719.8 [文献标识码] A [DOI] 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2024.03.003
Evaluation of the efficacy of removing uterine fibroids during cesarean section
DAI Qiaohong, CHEN Aner
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, China
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of removing uterine fibroids by binding the lower segment of uterus with pressure pulse band and blocking uterine blood supply combined with various suture methods during cesarean section. Methods A total of 260 cases of pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section due to cicatricial uterus treated in Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital from 2015 to 2020 were selected. They were divided into two groups using the random number table method. In study group of 130 cases, the lower section of the uterus was bound with compression vein band and uterine fibroids were removed during cesarean section. In control group, 130 cases underwent pure cesarean section. Through consulting patients’ medical records and telephone visits, the general data, operation related data and postoperative recovery data of patients were collected and compared. Results The operation time in study group was longer than that in control group [(72.01±22.63) min vs. (58.78±11.64) min], the amount of intraoperative blood loss was higher than that of control group [(543.52±294.79) ml vs. (412.46±98.49) ml], the proportion of postoperative fever was higher than that of control group (10.0% vs. 0.8%), and the postoperative hospital stay was longer than that of control group [(5.13±1.23) d vs. (4.47±0.72) d], the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in postoperative exhaust time [(16.07±4.90) h vs. (16.14±4.93) h], the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were no cases of re-operation or death in both groups, and the newborns were all in good condition. Conclusion In the course of cesarean section, binding the lower segment of the uterus with pressure pulse band combined with various suture methods to remove uterine fibroids, although increased intraoperative blood loss, operation time, postoperative fever incidence, hospital stay, but can help patients solve uterine fibroids disease at the same time, and without serious complications.
[Key words] Pregnancy with uterine fibroids; Cesarean section; Pressure pulse zone; Basal purse suture; Hemorrhage
子宫肌瘤是育龄期妇女常见的妇科合并症,发病率为4%~77%,其中妊娠合并子宫肌瘤的检出率高达5%;随着我国生育政策的进一步开放,高龄产妇增多,妊娠合并子宫肌瘤的发病率也明显增加[1]。子宫肌瘤常见的临床症状有月经异常、痛经、贫血、囊性变等;妊娠合并子宫肌瘤在先兆流产、早产、产后出血、妊娠激素影响下子宫体积增大,进而引起与压力症状及退行性改变相关的并发症[2]。剖宫产术中是否应该同时切除子宫肌瘤一直存在争议,部分学者认为剖宫产术中行肌瘤切除可能导致术中不可控制的大出血[3]。也有部分学者认为同时切除子宫肌瘤可降低产后因子宫肌瘤影响子宫收缩而增加的产后出血、产褥感染甚至晚期产后出血的风险。如果术中采取多种缝合方式联合在切除肌瘤前短暂性阻断子宫血供的方法,是否会出现不可控制的大出血及其他风险?本文针对该问题进行回顾性研究。
1 资料和方法
1.1 临床资料
选取2015年1月至2020年12月宁波市妇女儿童医院收治的260例因瘢痕子宫行择期剖宫产术的产妇,手术均为同一主任医师主刀。130例剖宫产术中同时行子宫肌瘤切除患者为研究组(超声肌瘤最小直径>4cm,其中最大肌瘤直径16cm);130例单纯剖宫产手术患者为对照组。两组患者的年龄、孕周、孕次、产次、剖宫产次数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表1。纳入标准:①患者均因瘢痕子宫择期剖宫产手术;②无其他合并症及并发症;③手术方案均通过患者及家属知情同意。排除标准:①产前出血;②血液疾病或出血倾向;③预计在剖宫产同时进行除子宫肌瘤切除术以外的其他妇科手术。本研究经患者知情同意,并经宁波市妇女儿童医院伦理委员会审批通过(伦理审批号:EC2023-044)。
1.2 手术方法
260例患者均完善术前准备,选择腰硬联合麻醉,取腹部原切口进腹:①对照组患者常规子宫下段横切口剖宫产术,胎儿娩出后,缩宫素20U宫体注射促宫缩,缝合子宫切口,逐层关腹。②研究组患者在胎儿娩出后,缩宫素20U宫体注射促宫缩,胎盘娩出后,将子宫托出腹部切口外,按0~8型方法评估肌瘤的位置类型[4];压脉带一圈捆绑子宫下段暂时性阻断子宫血供。a.0型、7型肌瘤:采取直接肌瘤蒂部丝线套圈结扎后切除肌瘤,见图1。b.1~3型肌瘤:采取经子宫黏膜,取近肌瘤表面黏膜线性切口直至假囊打开,布巾钳勾住子宫肌瘤往外拉,基底部采取一层圆形钱包缝合(0号线)避免留下死腔;主刀医生钝性剥离肌瘤,助手收紧缝合线打结,腔面肌层自切口顶端间断缝合(1-0可吸收线),3-0可吸收线黏膜层连续缝合恢复解剖,见图2。c.4~6型子宫肌瘤:取近肌瘤表面浆膜层尽量线性切口(冷刀),手术缝合方式同上(不穿透内膜),见图3。d.8型肌瘤:瘤体靠近宫腔黏膜层采取同b.方式,靠近浆膜层采取c.方式,见图4~图6。两组患者术后均使用同等级别抗生素预防感染及缩宫素对症治疗。
1.3 观察指标
对比两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后发热(术后连续两天的耳温>37.7℃)、排气时间、住院时间,新生儿体质量及Apgar评分。
1.4 统计学方法
采用SPSS 23.0统计学软件对数据进行处理分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差()
表示,比较采用独立样本t检验;计数资料以例数(百分率)[n(%)]表示,采用Pearson c2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者的排气时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后发热、住院时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组均无再次手术及死亡病例;两组的新生儿体质量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Apgar评分显示两组均未出现新生儿窒息及死亡,结局良好,见表2及表3。
3 讨论
伴随高龄产妇再次妊娠、辅助生育技术提高、剖宫产率的增加,妊娠合并子宫肌瘤发病率明显增加[5]。有患者要求剖宫产的同时切除子宫肌瘤,但手术过程中可能发生的严重产后出血、感染、子宫切除等问题,是产科医生关注的焦点。本研究中,两组患者的术中出血量、术后发热发生率、术后住院时间比较,差异有统计学意义,提示肌瘤切除确实影响术后恢复,但不增加非计划手术甚至死亡风险;术后无肠梗阻、肠麻痹情况,且术后排气时间差异无统计学意义;可见未增加患者发生严重并发症的风险,还降低患者子宫肌瘤相关并发症如晚期产后出血、子宫复旧不良、贫血、感染等风险[6]。另外,本研究中,操作者的手术技巧也是保证手术质量的關键因素,包括:①术中缝合肌层不留死腔;②压脉带捆绑子宫下段暂时性阻断子宫血供的止血方法,无创且效果显著[7];③经子宫内膜途径入手剥除肌瘤,保持浆膜层完整性,不改变子宫形态,减少盆腔粘连;与Huang等[8]研究结果一致。
綜上,剖宫产术中采用无创压脉带捆绑子宫下段暂时阻断血流,合理地切除方式和缝合方式去除子宫肌瘤是安全可行的。
利益冲突:所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
[参考文献]
[1] LIPPMAN S A, WARNER M. Uterine fifibroids and gynecologic pain symptoms in a population-based study[J]. Fertil Steril, 2003, 80(6): 1488–1494.
[2] TAKEUCHI M, MATSUZAKI K. Evaluation of red degeneration of uterine leiomyoma with susceptibility- weighted MR imaging[J]. Magnetic Resonance Med Sci, 2019, 18(2): 158–162.
[3] GABBE S. Obstetrics: Normal and problem pregnancies[M]. New York: ChurchillLivingstone, 2002.
[4] 张慧英 薛凤霞. 子宫肌瘤的分型及临床决策[J]. 中国实用妇科与产科杂志, 2019, 35(8): 857–860.
[5] COLEMAN-COWGER V H, ERICKSON K. Current practice of cesarean delivery on maternal request following the 2006 state-of-the-science conference[J]. J Reprod Med, 2010, 55(1): 25–30.
[6] ROMAN A S, TABSH K M. Myomectomy at time of cesarean delivery: A retrospective cohort study[J]. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2004, 4(1): 14–17.
[7] 李建国, 黄武. 剖宫产同时子宫肌瘤剔除术216例临床分析[J]. 医学信息, 2012, 25(5): 34–34.
[8] HUANG S Y,SHAW S W. The impact of a novel transendometrial approach for caesarean myomectomy on obstetric outcomes of subsequent pregnancy: A longitudinal panel study[J]. BJOG, 2018, 12(5): 495–500.
(收稿日期:2023–02–18)
(修回日期:2024–01–05)