我国大樱桃深加工开发利用研究

2023-11-08 03:08王兆丰马勇啸强睿斌呼丽萍
甘肃农业科技 2023年10期
关键词:大樱桃深加工开发利用

王兆丰 马勇啸 强睿斌 呼丽萍

摘要:大樱桃是深受人们喜爱的水果,但货架期较短,对其进行深加工显得尤为重要。我国大樱桃深加工产品主要有罐头、果脯、果酱、果汁、果酒、果醋等,这些产品中食品添加剂使用较为普遍。为了延长大樱桃产业链、提高产品附加值、促进大樱桃产业提质增效,整理归纳了近年来大樱桃深加工相关技术的研究文献,从果肉、果核和树叶3个方面综述了深加工开发利用研究进展,果肉的深加工主要是制作罐头、果酱、果冻、果汁及复合饮料、果脯、果酒、果醋和色素等,果核的深加工主要是提取大樱桃仁油、黄酮、多糖、蛋白及抗氧化多肽,树叶的深加工主要是提取黄酮和多糖;并针对樱桃深加工中存在的问题提出了今后的主要研究方向。

关键词:大樱桃;深加工;开发利用

中图分类号:S662.5               文献标志码:A               文章编号:2097-2172(2023)10-0900-09

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2172.2023.10.004

Review on the Development and Utilization Technologies of Sweet Cherry

Deep Processing in China

WANG Zhaofeng 1, 2, MA Yongxiao 1, 2, QIANG Ruibin 3, HU Liping 1, 2

(1. Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui Gansu 741001, China; 2. Sweet Cherry Technology Innovation Centre of Gansu Province,Tianshui Gansu 741001, China; 3. Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China)

Abstract: Sweet cherry is a popular fruit with short shelf life, so it is particularly important to deeply process for extending the shelf life. The deep-processed products of sweet cherries in China mainly include canned food, preserved fruit, jam, fruit juice, fruit wine, fruit vinegar, etc., in which food additives are widely used. In order to extend the cherry industry chain, increase product added value, and promote quality and efficiency, the research literatures on the deep processing technology of sweet cherry in recent years are browsed and analyzed, and the related deep processing technologies are summarized from three aspects: fruit pulp, fruit core and leaves in this paper. The deep processing of fruit pulp is mainly to make canned food, jam, jelly, fruit juice and compound beverage, preserved fruit, fruit wine, fruit vinegar and pigment, etc. On the other hand, kernel oil, flavonoids, polysaccharides, proteins and antioxidant peptides can be extracted from fruit core, and flavonoids and polysaccharides can be obtained from leaves. Main research directions in the future are suggested based on the problems of deep processing of cherries.

Key words: Sweet cherry; Deep processing; Development and utilization.

大櫻桃(Prunus, avium L.)又名樱桃、甜樱桃、欧洲甜樱桃、西洋樱桃,为蔷薇科李属樱桃亚属植物,原产于欧洲和西亚,19 世纪末 20 世纪初引入我国,现已在全世界范围内广泛种植[1 - 2 ]。大樱桃成熟期早,果实色泽鲜艳,柔软多汁,口感香甜,富含蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸、维生素、多种矿物质以及酚类和黄酮类化合物,具有抗氧化功效,能够调中补气、益脾活血、平肝去热、预防心血管疾病、肿瘤及氧化应激相关疾病,是营养与风味俱好、食药与保健共存的佳果,有“早春第一果”和“果中珍品”的美誉,深受国内外消费者的喜爱[3 - 4 ]。根据中国园艺学会樱桃分会统计数据,目前全国大樱桃种植面积已经达到20万hm2以上,其中山东、陕西、辽宁、河南、甘肃等省份为主产区,产量达到100万多t[5 ]。

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