黄美云
一、代词概述
代词用来代替名词,在句中充当主语、宾语和表语,有时还可以充当定语。代词在考试命题中主要考查代词格的变化、代词单复数形式以及不定代词和it 的用法等。
二、基本知识
(一)人称代词:主格作主语,宾格用作及物动词和介词的宾语
第一人称单数:I/me/my/mine/myself
第一人称复数:we/us/our/ours/ourselves
第二人称单数:you/you/your/yours/yourself
第二人称复数:you/you/your/yours/yourselves
第三人称单数:he/him/his/his/himself/she/her/hers/herself/it/it/its/its/itself
第三人称复数:they/them/their/theirs/themselves
He often helps me.
他经常帮助我。
The bicycle belongs to Tom and me.
这辆自行车属于汤姆和我。
出现并列主语或宾语时,其排列顺序有以下规律:单数时是第一、第二、第三人称,即“I, you and he” 或“me, you and him”; 复数时是第一、第二、第三人称,即“we, you and they” 或“us, you and them”。
(二)物主代词:形容词性物主代词作定语,后加名词; 而名词性物主代词等于形容词性物主代词加名词;名词性物主代词可作主语、宾语和表语
1. 作主语
Your pen is blue. Mine is blue, too.
你的笔是蓝色的,我的也是。
2. 作宾语
May I use your pen? I’ve lost mine.
我可以用下你的笔吗?我的笔不见了。
3. 作表语
This is my book. = This book is mine.
这是我的书。= 这本书是我的。
(三)反身代词:第一、第二人称的反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上self 或selves,第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加self 或selves,用作宾语或起强调作用
1. 作宾语
I can look at myself in the mirror.
我可以在镜中看到自己。
2. 作强调
I myself go to the airport to meet my uncle.
我自己去机场接我叔叔。
(四)指示代词
1. this、that、these、those
What’s this (that)? It’s a book.
这是什么?是一本书。
What are these (those)? They are books.
这些是什么?它们是书。
this 和these 指代距离比较近的人或物,that 和those 指代距离稍远的人或物。
2. it
(1)指物
It’s a robot.
它是一个机器人。
(2)指自然现象
It’s raining now, but it will be fine soon.
现在在下雨,但很快会放晴。
(3)指时间
What time is it? It’s 8 o’clock.
幾点了? 8 点了。
(4)指距离
It’s twenty minutes’ walk.
步行20 分钟的路程。
(5)作形式主语
It took me half an hour to finish the work.
我花了30 分钟才完成这项工作。
(6)作形式宾语
We think it necessary to relax from time to time.
我们认为适时放松很重要。
(五)不定代词
1. some、any
(1)通常情况下,some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑问句中
There are some pens on the desk.
桌上有一些钢笔。
There aren’t any pens on the desk.
桌上没有钢笔。
Are there any pens on the desk?
桌上有钢笔吗?
(2)在表示请求、建议、反问等语气的句子中,用some 而不用any
Would you like some drink?
你想喝点什么吗?
(3)any 也可以表示任何一个
If you have any questions, you can ask me.
如果你有任何问题,你都可以问我。
2. 复合不定代词:something、anything、nothing、everything、somebody、anybody、nobody、everybody、someone、anyone、no one、everyone、somewhere、anywhere、nowhere,everywhere
(1)作主语
Someone is waiting for you.
有人在等你。
(2)作宾语
Have you got anything to say?
你还有什么要说的吗?
(3)不定代词被形容词修饰时,定语放在其后
I’ve got something interesting to tell you.
我有一些有趣的事要告诉你。
3. few、a few、little、a little
a few、few 修饰可数名词,a little、little 修饰不可数名词。few、little表示否定,意思是“几乎没有”,a few、a little 表示肯定,意思是“还有几个;有一点”。
There is still a little time left, you needn’t hurry.
还有些时间,你不必着急。
I can’t buy anything, because I have little money on me.
我什么也不能买,因为我没带多少钱。
4. both、all、neither、none
both 表示“两者都”,all“三者以上都”,neither 表示“两者都不”,none 表示“三者以上都不”,either 表示“两者中的任何一个”,both...and 表示“两者都”, neither...nor 表示“两者都不;既不……也不……”,either...or 表示“两者中的一个”。
(1)作主语
Both of the twins are doctors.
這对双胞胎都是医生。
All of them are honest.
他们都很诚实。
Neither of them is a doctor.
他们两个都不是医生。
None of them is/are honest.
他们当中没有一个是诚实的。
(2)作形容词
There are many trees on both sides of the river.
河的两岸有许多树。
There are many trees on either side of the river.
河的两边有许多树。
(3)词组
Both Li Ping and I are students.
我和李萍都是学生。
Neither Li Ping nor I am a student.
李萍和我都不是学生。
练习
1. John sits among .
A. you, me and Mary B. Mary, you and I
C. you, Mary and me D. you, Mary and I
2. performed the play very well.
A. The both children B. They both
C. Both two boys D. Both they
3. Don’t worry. There is with you.
A. anything wrong B. something wrong
C. nothing wrong D. wrong something
4. Miss Brown will teach English next term.
A. us B. we C. our D. ours
5. Happy New Year, George! Here is a card for ________, with ________
best wishes.
A. you; our B. us; your C. you; your D. us; our
6. There are many high rises on side of Huaihai Road. What a
magnificent view!
A. either B. neither C. none D. all
7. The boy received ________ education that he ________ hardly write his
own name.
A. a little; could B. so little; could
C. so few; couldn’t D. such few; couldn’t
8. What’s in your hand?
A. the other B. other C. another D. one
9. The small village is too far away. ________ people have been there.
A. A few B. A little C. Few D. Little
10. We found ________ important to relax ourselves.
A. that B. its C. it D. this
参考答案:
1~5 CBCAA 6~10 ABBCC