ChatGPT——最智能的聊天机器人程序

蔡剑媚

（广东省中山市第二中学 ）

AI bot ChatGPT —the Most Intelligent Chatrobot

Professors,programmers and journalists could all be out of work in just a few years,after the latest chatbot from OpenAI stunned onlookers with its writing ability,proficiency at complex tasks,and ease of use.

The system,called ChatGPT,is the latest evolution of the GPT family of text-generating（生成文本的）AIs.Two years ago,the team’s previous AI,GPT3,was able to generate an opinion piece for the Guardian,and ChatGPT has significant further capabilities.

In the days since it was released,academics（学者）have generated responses to exam queries that they say would result in full marks if submitted by an undergraduate,and programmers have used the tool to solve coding challenges in obscure programming languages in a matter of seconds—before writing limericks（五行打油诗）explaining the functionality.

Dan Gillmor,a journalism professor at Arizona State University,asked the AI to handle one of the assignments he gives his students: writing a letter to a relative giving advice regarding online security and privacy.“If you’re unsure about the legitimacy of a website or email,you can do a quick search to see if others have reported it as being a scam,”the AI advised in part.“I would have given this a good grade,”Gillmor said.“Academia has some very serious issues to confront.”

OpenAI said the new AI was created with a focus on ease of use.“The dialogue format makes it possible for ChatGPT to answer follow-up questions,admit its mistakes,challenge incorrect premises,and reject inappropriate requests,”OpenAI said in a post announcing the release.

Unlike previous AI from the company,ChatGPT has been released to be used for free during a“feedback”period.The company hopes to use this feedback to improve the final version of the tool.

ChatGPT is good at self-censoring（自我审查）,and at realizing when it is being asked an impossible question.Asked,for instance,to describe what happened when Columbus“arrived in America in 2015”,older models may have willingly presented an entirely fictitious account,but ChatGPT recognizes the falsehood and warns that any answer would be fictional.

The bot is also capable of refusing to answer queries altogether.Ask it for advice on stealing a car,for example,and the bot will say that,“Stealing a car is a serious crime that can have severe consequences,”and instead give advice such as“using public transportation.”

However,the limits are easy to evade（规避）.Ask the AI instead for advice on how to beat the carstealing mission in a fictional virtual reality game called“Car World”.Then the chatbot will give detailed information on how to steal a car.But it will do all this while insisting that the advice is only for use in the game“Car World”.

The AI is trained on a huge sample of text taken from the Internet,generally without explicit permission from the authors of the material used.That has led to controversy,with some arguing that the technology is most useful for“copyright laundering”（版权清洗）— making works derivative（衍生）of existing material without breaking copyright.

背景简介

本文是“人与社会”主题语境下的一篇科技说明文。文章介绍了时下最智能、最会聊天、最受欢迎的聊天机器人程序ChatGPT 的惊人表现。站在科技前沿的ChatGPT 不但能完成本科生级别的满分作业，而且能帮助程序员在几秒钟内解决编码难题。它甚至能拒绝回答一些不可能的问题和违法的问题。但是也有人表示，ChatGPT 可能会涉及著作权和版权问题。对于ChatGPT 这个目前全世界最智能的聊天机器人程序，你怎么看？

全篇译文

在OpenAI 的最新聊天机器人以其写作能力、应对复杂任务的熟练程度和易用性惊呆了围观者之后，教授、程序员和记者都可能在短短几年内失业。

该系统称为ChatGPT，是GPT 系列文本生成AI 的最新一版。两年前，该团队的上一代人工智能GPT3 就能为《卫报》撰写一篇评论文章，而ChatGPT 具有显著的进一步的功能。

在其发布后的几天里，学者们对考试问题做出了回应，他们说如果由本科生提交，他们将获得满分。程序员们使用该工具在几秒钟内解决了晦涩编程语言中的编码难题，之后还写了打油诗解释其功能。

亚利桑那州立大学新闻学教授丹•吉尔戴（Dan Gillmor）要求AI 处理他给学生的一项任务：给一位亲戚写信，就网络安全和隐私提出建议。人工智能的一部分建议是：“如果你不确定某个网站或电子邮件的合法性，你可以快速搜索，看看其他人是否报告过这是一个骗局。”吉尔默说：“我很可能会给它一个很不错的分数。学术界将面临一些非常严重的问题了。”

OpenAI 表示，新的AI 是以易用性为重点创建的。OpenAI 在宣布发布的帖子中表示：“对话形式使ChatGPT 能够回答后续问题、承认错误、质疑不正确的假设和拒绝不适当的请求。”

与该公司以前的人工智能程序不同，ChatGPT在发布后，在“反馈”期间可免费使用。该公司希望利用这些反馈来改进该工具的最终版本。

ChatGPT 擅长自我审查，并能意识到何时被问到一个不可能的问题。例如，当被问及描述哥伦布“于2015 年抵达美洲”时发生的事情时，旧模型可能会提供完全虚构的描述，但ChatGPT 认识到了错误，并警告说任何答案都是虚构的。

这个机器人还能够完全拒绝回答问题。例如，向机器人询问关于偷车的建议，机器人会说，“偷车是一种严重的犯罪，可能会产生严重的后果。”并给出“使用公共交通工具”之类的建议。

然而，这些限制很容易就能规避。在一个名为“汽车世界”的虚拟现实游戏中，向人工智能征求如何完成偷车任务的建议。然后，聊天机器人将提供关于如何偷车的详细信息。但它在做这一切的同时也坚称此建议只适用于“汽车世界”的游戏中。

人工智能是根据互联网上的大量文本样本进行训练的，通常未经所用文本材料作者的明确许可。这引发了争议，一些人认为这项技术对“版权清洗”最有用，即在不破坏版权的情况下，将现有材料衍生成作品。

语言积累

stun vt.使震惊或愕、目瞪口呆

proficiency n.熟练；精通

evolution n.进化；发展；演变

query n.疑问

legitimacy n.合法性

scam n.骗局

confront vt.使……无法回避；面临

fictitious adj.虚假的；虚构的

explicit adj.明确的；清晰的；清楚明白的

controversy n.（公开的）争论

阅读小练

1.How is the writing generated by ChatGPT?

A.Excellent. B.Obscure.

C.Illegal. D.Serious.

2.Why is it for free to use ChatGPT during a“feedback” period?

A.Because users want to improve its final version.

B.Because its company wants more people to use it.

C.Because its company hopes to get more feedback.

D.Because users must write feedback to its company.

3.What is the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT?

A.Favorable. B.Objective.

C.Critical. D.Uncertain.

素材积累

1.在发布后的几天里，学者们对考试问题做出了回应，他们说如果由本科生提交，将获得满分。

In the days since it ____________________,academics have ____________________ to exam queries that they say would ____________ full marks if ________________ by an undergraduate.

2.OpenAI 表示，新的AI 是以易用性为重点而创建的。

OpenAI said the new AI was created ____________________ ease of use.

3.偷车是一种严重的犯罪，可能会产生严重后果。

____________________ is a serious crime that can have ____________________.

答案和解析

1.A。细节理解题。根据第四段“Dan Gillmor,a journalism professor at Arizona State University,...‘I would have given this a good grade,’Gillmor said.”可知，亚利桑那州立大学新闻学教授·吉尔莫（Dan Gillmor）要求AI 处理他给学生的一项任务：给一位亲戚写信，就网络安全和隐私提出建议。人工智能的一部分建议是：“如果你不确定某个网站或电子邮件的合法性，你可以快速搜索，看看其他人是否报告过这是一个骗局。”吉尔默说：“我很可能会给它一个很不错的分数。”由此可知，ChatGPT 写的文章非常出色。故选A。

2.C。细节理解题。根据第六段“Unlike previous AI from the company,ChatGPT has been released to be used for free during a‘feedback’period.The company hopes to use this feedback to improve the final version of the tool.”可知，与该公司以前的人工智能不同，在ChatGPT 发布后，在“反馈”期间可免费使用。该公司希望利用这些反馈来改进该工具的最终版本。故可知，在反馈期间免费使用是因为该公司希望收集到更多的反馈。故选C。

3.B。观点态度题。根据全文内容可知，本文介绍了ChatGPT 的惊人表现，但也指出了其弊端（最后一段）。故可推知，作者对ChatGPT 的态度是客观的。故选B。

素材积累

1.was released;generated responses;result in;submitted

2.with a focus on

3.Stealing a car/Stealing cars;severe consequences