动名词用法聚焦

李孝全

动名词是非谓语动词的一种形式，它兼有动词和名词的特征，由“动词原形加  ⁃ing”构成。动名词的否定形式是在其前面直接加not，即“not加动名词”。如：

Walking is a healthy form of exercise. 散步是一种健康的运动方式。

Excuse me for not coming to see you. 原谅我没来看你。

★ 动名词的构成

★ 动名词的用法

1. 动名词可以作主语。此时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

As we all know， using public chopsticks is necessary when we eat with others.

众所周知，当我们和别人吃饭时，使用公筷是必要的。

注意：当动名词作主语时，还可以用it作形式主语。如：

It’s no use saying without doing. 只说不做是没用的。

It’s no good talking to him because he never listens.

因为他从来不听，所以和他讲没用。

2. 动名词可以作介词（如by， for， of， without等）的宾语。如：

The farmer put an end to poverty by selling products on the Internet.

这位农民通过在网上销售产品来致富。

Thank you for preparing such a nice lunch for me.

谢谢你给我准备了这么好吃的午餐。

They looked at each other without speaking. 他们相视无语。

3. 动名词可以作某些动词（enjoy， finish， practise， consider， suggest等）或动词短语（如feel like， look forward to， give up等）的宾语。如：

I enjoy walking， and my brother enjoys playing tennis.

我喜欢散步，我的哥哥喜欢打网球。

He is considering traveling to Paris next month.

他正在考虑下个月去巴黎旅游。

To be honest， I don’t feel like eating anything now.

说实话，我现在不太想吃东西。

注意：stop， forget， remember， try等动词后面既可以跟动词不定式，也可以跟动名词，但所表达的意思有所不同。如：stop to do sth. 意为“停下来做另外一件事”，stop doing sth. 意为“停止正在做的事”；forget / remember to do sth. 意为“忘记 / 记得要做某事”，forget / remember doing sth. 意为“忘记 / 记得做过某事”；try to do sth. 意为“尽力做某事”，try doing sth. 意为“尝试做某事”。如：

It started raining and they stopped playing football.

天下起了雨，他们不踢足球了。

That’s all for today. Let’s stop to have dinner.

今天就到此为止吧。让我们停下来吃晚饭吧。

4. 动名词还常用于某些固定结构中，如：be busy doing sth.; be worth doing sth.; be / get used to doing sth.; can’t help doing sth.; have fun doing sth.; have trouble / problem（s） / difficulty （in） doing sth.等。如：

Many places in China are very beautiful and they are well worth visiting.

中国很多地方都很漂亮，非常值得观光游览。

Mr. White is used to looking through the newspaper before going to bed.

怀特先生习惯在睡觉前浏览报纸。

Many students have trouble / problems / difficulty in learning English grammar.

许多学生在学习英语语法方面有困难。

即时演练：

1. Jane likes reading. She thinks__________books __________great fun.

A. reading; is B. reading; are

C. read; is D. read; are

2. —__________ did you tell Mary what happened to you？

—By__________ an e?mail.

A. What; send B. What; sending

C. How; send D. How; sending

3. We feel like __________some food and drink because we’ll invite some friends ____________________ in a party.

A. to buy; joining B. buying; to join

C. buying; join D. to buy; to join

4. I hope everyone can care about__________ the environment and stop__________things.

A. protecting; wasting B. protecting; to waste

C. protect; wasting D. protect; to waste

5. —So far， Hi， Mom is one of the most__________ films I’ve ever seen.

—That’s true. It is well worth__________ again.

A. moved; see B. moved; to see

C. moving; seeing D. moving; to see

6. I used to__________ newspaper and watch TV after dinner. But now I’m used to____________________ a walk.

A. read; take B. read; taking

C. reading; taking D. reading; take

7. —In my opinion， it’s no use__________too much money on clothes.

—I agree with you. Beauty of mind is the most important thing.

A. spending B. spent

C. spends D. to spend

8. —Why did Mom look unhappy？

—Because she was angry with me for __________ done anything.

A. not to have B. not have

C. not having D. not to having

（作者單位：甘肃省临夏州积石山县银川初级中学）

Keys： 1—4 ADBA

5—8 CBAC