事理阐释类说明文读写指南

王慧琴

文体导读

事理阐释类说明文是一种以说明为主，阐明事理的概念、特点、演变、异同等的说明性文章。它着重于对客观事物进行介绍、解释或分析，目的是帮助人们了解新的知识。此类文章通常以总分或总分总的结构进行阐述。它在写作手法上采用举例子、做比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、做诠释、打比方、下定义、列图表、引用、假设、对比或类比等说明方法。此类语篇涉及科技、社会和文化生活等多个领域。高考主要考查学生准确把握文章主旨以及理解长难句的能力。

策略导航

（1）巧用彩色笔细品文章。借助彩色笔对文本中的不同部分做标注。例如，用紫色笔标注开头句，用绿色笔标注段落的主题句，用红色笔标注说明阐述的方法，用黄色笔标注逻辑关系词，用蓝色笔标注长难句，等等。写作时，根据标注的情况，进行仿写。

（2）利用“PRSR原则”构建文本框架，搭建读写支架。“PRSR原则”是事理阐释类说明文采用的一种写作视角，P为Phenomenon（现象），R为Reason（原因），S为Solution（措施），R为Result（结果），但有的文章并未完全涵盖PRSR四种要素。在阅读事理阐释类说明文时，利用“PRSR原则”有助于我们梳理文章的篇章结构和逻辑关系。在进行事理阐释类说明文写作时，我们可以利用“PRSR原则”对文章进行布局，同时还要使用正确的时态和人称。

素材导背

一、有关健康生活话题的高频词汇

benefit利益；好处

beneficial有好处的

comfortable舒服的；安逸的

uncomfortable不舒服的

harm伤害

necessary必需的；必要的

jog慢跑

yoga瑜伽

aerobics有氧运动

strengthen增强

strong强壮的

balance平衡；天平

fat脂肪；胖的；肥的

obesity肥胖；肥胖症

slim苗条的

health健康；卫生

energetic精力旺盛的

lifestyle生活方式

mental精神的；脑力的

physical 身体的；体力的

nutrition营养；滋养

habit习惯；习性

overweight太胖的；超重的

diet饮食

二、高频短语

a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式

be in good health身體健康

be/go on a diet节食

put on/gain weight增加体重

cut down/lose weight减轻体重

be beneficial to/be good for/do good to对……有益

be harmful to/be bad for/do harm to 对……有害

be high/low in含……高/低

be rich in富含

build up ones body/strength 增强某人的体质

develop a healthy eating habit 养成健康的饮食习惯

keep a balanced/healthy diet 保持均衡/健康的饮食

have meals on time按时吃饭

be particular about food挑食

convenience food便利食品

fast food快餐

takeaway food外卖食品

junk food垃圾食品

eat snacks吃零食

take regular exercise定期锻炼

take an active part in physical exercise 积极参加体育锻炼

keep fit/healthy/slim保持健康/苗条

stay up熬夜

break down（身体）垮掉

physical and mental health身心健康

三、高频句式

1. As far as I’m concerned， we should develop a healthy eating habit to build up our strength. Only in this way can we have enough energy to study.我认为，我们应该养成健康的饮食习惯来增强体质。只有这样我们才能有足够的精力学习。

2. The better eating habits we get into，the healthier our life will become. 我们越是养成良好的饮食习惯，我们的生活就会变得越健康。

3. Not only does exercise improve our health but also it makes us cheerful and raises our learning efficiency. 锻炼不仅改善我们的健康状况，而且使我们精神愉悦并提高学习效率。

4. Eating in a healthy way and exer⁃cising regularly are the key to keepinghealthy.健康饮食和经常运动是保持健康的关键。

案例导练

Keep a healthy weight

The key to keeping a healthy weight is regular exercise and good eating habits. Some people think exercise and good eating habits require lots of effort or planning. But thats nottrue. In fact， the best way to work them into our lives is to make small changes.

Teens should get 60 minutes or more of physical activity a day. Note the word“activity”. As long as you’re getting your body moving， it doesn’t mean doing complicatedexercises or hitting the gym every day. All that matters is that each week you get the rightbalance of activities， including aerobics （有氧运动）， strength building， and flexibilityexercise. Make exercise a habit by arranging some time every day.

On days when you have soccer practice or an aerobics class， you may have no troubleexercising for an hour or more. But most of us are busy， and 60 minutes a day of exerciseseems like a lot of time. The good news is that it’s OK to divide it into shorter“exercisebreaks”throughout the day.

Just as you might have a healthy snack to stop yourself from getting hungry， exercisesnacks can keep energy levels high. So get up 15 minutes earlier and do some yoga or otherstretching activities. Fast walk or jog for 15 minutes at lunch. Do the same thing after school—or walk or bike home. Add to that climbing the stairs， taking gym class， and walkingbetween classes during the day， and you’ve probably reached your 60 minutes.

Eating well doesn’t mean dieting over and over again. In fact， studies have shown thatdieting often doesn’t work. The best way to keep a healthy weight is to make healthy foodchoices daily. For some of us， that means changing our mindset about food.

Use your creativity to come up with ways to fit exercise and healthy eating habits intoyour life in a way that works for you. We’re all different. Your best friend might prefer toschedule some gym time while you’d rather take your dog to the park. Knowing what’s rightfor you will make it a lot easier to do！

一、閱读自测

Gist

1. What is the main idea of paragraph 1？

A. The key to having regular exercise.

B. The key to forming good eating habits.

C. The key to keeping a healthy weight.

D. The key to making small changes.

Detail

2. What is important for keeping 60 minutes a day of exercise？

A. Doing difficult exercises.

B. Going to the gym every day.

C. Keeping the body moving all the time.

D. Dividing it into shorter“exercise breaks”.

Vocabulary

3. What does the underlined phrase“exercise snacks”probably mean in paragraph 4？

A. A new kind of exercise.

B. Shorter“exercise breaks”.

C. Food eaten before exercise.

D. Food eaten during exercise.

Inference

4. What can we learn about eating well to keep a healthy weight？

A. Eating well indicates we should diet repeatedly.

B. Dieting helps us to keep a healthy weight.

C. To make healthy food choices daily often works well.

D. To change our attitude towards food is critical for all of us.

二、语言汲取

（一）有关健康生活话题的核心表达

1. 健康的生活方式

keep a healthy weight 保持健康的体重

take regular exercise 定期运动

good eating habits好的饮食习惯

make small changes做一些小的改变

physical activity体育活动

get your body moving 让你的身体动起来

do complicated exercises做复杂的锻炼

hit the gym去健身房

get up 15 minutes earlier 早起15分钟

keep fit / keep healthy 保持健康

2. 体育锻炼

have soccer practice 进行足球训练

have an aerobics class上有氧运动课

strength building力量训练

flexibility exercise柔韧性训练

do some yoga 做瑜伽

do other stretching activities 做其他的拉伸运动

fast walk 快走

jogging 慢跑

climb the stairs 爬楼梯

take the gym class 上体育课

walk between classes 课间散步

3. 健康饮食

diet日常饮食；节食

make healthy food choices选择健康饮食

change our mindset about food改变我们对食物的观念

have a healthy snack吃健康的零食

get hungry 挨饿

4. 其他

the key to ……的关键

require lots of effort需要付出很多努力

mean doing 意味着……

as long as 只要

include 包括

divide into 把……分成

stop...from 阻止……做……

over and over again反复地

come up with 想出

fit...into 适合；使……相适应

prefer to更喜欢

schedule 计划；安排

（二）精彩表达

1. Eating well doesn’t mean dieting over and over again.健康饮食并不意味着反复地节食。

Knowing what’s right for you will make it a lot easier to do！ 知道什么是適合你的，将会让它做起来更容易！

这两个句子都是用非谓语动词V⁃ing 形式作主语，句式简洁。

2. The good news is that its OK to divide it into shorter“exercise breaks”throughoutthe day.好消息是，可以在全天把它分成更短的“锻炼时间”。

本句中，that引导的是表语从句，在表语从句中，it 作形式主语，to divide it intoshorter“exercise breaks”throughout the day 是真正的主语，句子的主干为The goodnews  is...。

3.As long as youre getting your body moving， it doesn’t mean doing complicatedexercises or hitting the gym every day.只要你的身体在运动，这并不意味着要做复杂的锻炼或每天去健身房。

本句中，as long as 意为“只要”，引导的是一个条件状语从句；it doesn’t meandoing complicated exercises or hitting the gym every day 为主句部分，mean doing 意为“意味着要做……”。

三、句式仿写

1. 运动锻炼是塑造身材最简单、最便宜的方式。

_____________________________________________（exercise） is the easiest and cheapest way of shaping our figure.

2. 好消息是，越来越多的人关注健康的生活方式。

_____________________________________________more and more people are concerned about the healthy lifestyle.

3. 青少年只要定期鍛炼和保持良好的饮食习惯，就能保持健康的体重。， they will keep a healthy weight.

四、写作实践

随着生活水平的提高，青少年的肥胖现象较为普遍，这引起了广泛的关注。你校英语报正在进行以“Keep a healthy weight”为主题的征文活动，请你根据以下要点，写一篇征文。

1. 加强锻炼；

2. 合理饮食。

注意：

1. 词数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 至少需要使用两个本文中解析过的句式。

Keep a healthy weight

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

评价导思

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A self⁃assessment checklist for my reading

1. 阅读本文前，我认真了解了事理阐释类说明文的文体知识。□ Yes □ No

2. 在阅读过程中，我会用“PRSR 原则”梳理文章。□ Yes □ No

3. 这篇文章用了__________的说明方法。□ 举例子□ 做比较□ 下定义

4. 读完这篇文章后，我会尝试着养成健康的生活方式。□ Yes □ No

5. 读完这篇文章后，我会花费__________的时间来读完一篇大约350 词的事理阐释类说明文。

□ 5分钟 □ 7分钟 □ 9分钟 □ 其他

6. 本次读写活动后，我会科学地管理体重，保持健康。□ Yes □ No

________________________________________________________________________________________________________