主题一 灾害与防护②

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A major emergency can create hundreds of thousands of refugees （难民） overnight.The most immediate way in which organizations like the United Nations High Commissionfor Refugees （UNHCR） and the International Committee of the Red Cross （ICRC） can helpthese refugees is by setting up refugee camps. Refugee camps are designed to be tempo⁃rary， but they often remain in place for decades. In some parts of the world， children havegrown up and have had children of their own without ever leaving their camps.

Critics argue that they force refugees to be entirely dependent on donations. One jour⁃nalist who visited the Nyadeou camp in the south of the Republic of Guinea （Africa） in2001， described how normally peaceful people were reduced to fighting with each otherwhen the food truck arrived.

Refugee camps can easily become dirty， overcrowded and are overrun with diseases orcrime. In many camps， drug dealers hide themselves among the majority of innocent refu?gees.

One alternative for refugees is to settle in a town or a village， making them becomepart of the local population. This is known as the“self⁃settlement”. Several aid agenciesargue that the self⁃settlement is a better option in many cases than refugee camps. They saythat self⁃settled refugees can start to rebuild their lives straight away， and are freer and saf⁃er than refugees in camps. Oxfam， the ICRC and many other international aid agencies sup⁃port programs in which refugees are helped to self⁃settle.

Representatives of UNHCR argue that refugee camps are the best way of saving thegreatest possible numbers of lives. They point out that it is much easier to help people ifthey are all gathered in one place. This is certainly true of emergency relief， for example，the distribution of food， water， shelters and medical supplies. It is also true that long⁃termaid programs， such as family tracing， orphan support and， perhaps most importantly， educa⁃tion， can all be carried out much more easily when refugees are all living together in one place.

1. Who should be responsible for the refugees’dependence on donations？

A. Critics.

B. Children.

C. Refugee camps.

D. The UNHCR and the ICRC.

2. What advantage can self⁃settled refugees enjoy？

A. More personal aid. B. More living space.

C. Better training programs. D. A better sense of security.

3. What benefit can gathering refugees in one place bring？

A. It can help save much land.

B. Its easier for them to get schooling.

C. It can reduce the number of orphans.

D. It allows families to better help each other.

4. Which of the following is beyond the author’s discussion in the text？

A. The advantages of refugee camps.

B. The disadvantages of refugee camps.

C. The advantages of the self⁃settlement.

D. The disadvantages of the self⁃settlement.

Ⅱ. 补全信息

“A ship in harbor is safe， but that is not what ships are built for，”said John A. Shedd，an early 20th century author. Throughout COVID⁃19， we’ve all become used to assessingrisk in new ways. We’ve come to understand， though we can never get rid of risk altogether，we have great power to make choices both large and small to protect ourselves.It stops us from stepping outside of our comfort zones and trying new things.

Developmental psychologists talk about“positive risks”—socially acceptable risksthat our lives can benefit from. But what about these， who develop into adults？Researchers have found that happiness for older adults is being able to choose how theyspend their time， including ways that are adventurous， new and even mildly risky—like hik?ing or other outdoor activities.

One guide to positive risk management lists ways that people can make sure theirrisks are on the“safe”side of risk range. For example， to ensure a successful bike ride， youshould in advance equip yourself with a fully⁃charged cell phone and a full water bottle. Or if you are concerned about your physical capacity， consult a certified traineror medical professional before departure.

This means adapting to changing situations. In response to the deadlyvirus， people choose to step back into normal life only after they are vaccinated. In thisway， people could be confident that the risk is tolerable.

Nobody wants to be needlessly risky. But using our newly⁃acquired risk assessmenttools， we can once again learn and grow in our lives.

A. Take risks in a positive way.

B. But the self⁃protective mind state carries its own risk.

C. Overall happiness is one benefit of positive risk⁃taking.

D. Remember to tell one of your friends or family your destination.

E. Besides taking preventive steps， flexible thinking is also encouraged.

F. Like a ship sailing away from its harbor， that is what we were built to do.

G. For teenagers， this means risks like running for monitor or trying out for a team.

Ⅲ. 完形填空

On the New Year of 2017， I was born again. We like to spend our holidays somewherewarm abroad， and that year weUganda. Nature， wildlife， and sunny days were ablessing when it was soand dark in Europe. Life was beautiful， and we had arental car and a busy schedule ahead to explore the country.

This is where this short travel story turns into one of my mosttravel experi⁃ences. At Murchison Falls National Park， we had a car accident. I lostof thecar， and it rolled over， destroying the windows， the chassis （底盘）， and the engine. But wewere alive！ My right arm was injured， but we managed to walk to our lodge （旅馆）， not far inside the. In the lodge， I was to learn that there was apretty decent American hospital in Masindi that was just a one⁃hour drive away. Moreover，one of the lodge’s guests was a nurse whothe wound while we were waiting for the taxi. The hospital took care of us， and after a couple of injections and stitches （缝线），I was ready to head to our new hotel in Masindi; however， my wound required daily and more injections， so we wereto stay in town for a few days.

The town’s highlights were the market and ourvisit to the hospital， so weended up looking for small things，with the medical staff and the people in themarket， and learning more about their customs.

We learned to slow down. When we were allowed to， we took a road tripthrough the country to see something else. We did not care about our travel bucket list any?more—we were， and we wanted to enjoy Uganda’s unique nature and its peo⁃ple. In the end， our Uganda trip was not about the places that we saw， but the people thatwe met. It was travel for  versus sightseeing.

1. A. recommended B. chose C. predicted D. informed

2. A. complicated B. mysterious C. crowded D. cold

3. A. doubtful B. wonderful C. scary D. imaginary

4. A. sense B. sight C. control D. direction

5. A. severely B. permanently C. partly D. deliberately

6. A. spot B. accident C. country D. park

7. A. curious B. happy C. shocked D. creative

8. A. cleaned B. cured C. swept D. repaired

9. A. operations B. dressings C. pressure D. recovery

10. A. asked B. forbidden C. permitted D. taught

11. A. occasional B. daily C. risky D. awful

12. A. chatting B. arguing C. bargaining D. meeting

13. A. exercise B. wander C. leave D. escape

14. A. awake B. sensitive C. allergic D. alive

15. A. experiment B. explanation C. experience D. reflection

Ⅳ. 语法填空

According to a new report by the IPCC （Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change），the  deadly heat waves， floods 1.__________ droughts are disturbing the lives of 2.__________（thousand） of people from all over the world. And it will be likely only to get 3.__________（bad） as global temperatures continue to rise.“So far， all regions of the world 4.__________（affect） by some extreme weather，”says Sonia Isabelle Seneviratne， an environmental5. __________（science）.“We  can link extreme weather to climate change in 6.__________same way we can link cancer to smoking，”says Friederike Elly Luise Otto， one of the re⁃port’s authors.“And， like smoking， the damage is hard 7.__________ （disappear）.”The mostimportant thing，”experts say，“is to  make sure that these events don’t grow even more com⁃mon and more intense 8. __________they are  now.”“I 9. __________（strong） feel that thepublic needs to know that dangerous climate change  is here and now，”says Michael Weh⁃ner， an extreme weather researcher. To limit global warming to just 2 ℃， Wehner says，“It’smy feeling that we would  have to do something rather extreme.”“Something extreme，”headds，“means completely 10.__________ （get） rid of consumption of coal， oil and naturalgas.”

Ⅴ. 書面表达

你校与加拿大一所学校以“中学生如何在灾难中保护自己”为主题，合作开展探讨活动，请你就该主题在活动上发表演讲。

注意：

1. 词数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Protect ourselves from the disaster

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Ⅵ. 读后续写

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

A holiday in Penang is an annual affair for my family. My parents grew up in Penang and  are very fond of Penang food. In December every year， we would drive up to the island to spend three days visiting our favorite food haunts （常去的地方）.

This year， we started our journey up north on a Friday morning. It took us six hours toreach our destination. We always stayed at one of the hotels in Batu Ferringhi. The beachwas just a short walk from the hotel entrance and our rooms had a lovely view of the sea.We spent our first evening playing on the beach. After dinner， we returned to our rooms toplay games. My parents had a rule for our holidays which was that we were to spend timedoing things together. There was no TV or Internet.

The next morning， we went to Bukit Bendera and then spent the rest of the afternoonin town visiting our favorite hawker stalls （小贩摊位）. As we were having tea at a coffeeshop， we overheard people talking about an earthquake near Sumatera， an island in Indone⁃sia. We headed back to the hotel and then went to the beach. We took a walk along thebeach， picking up seashells along the way. Looking up， I saw the sun shining brighter thanI ever knew before. I saw a tree trembling in the distance as it reflected the sun’s rays. Itnever occurred to us that something awful would take place. Suddenly， I noticed a strangething. The sea seemed to be leaving from the shore. I called my father to look at the curiousoccurrence. My father took one look and went pale. We saw a grey line in the distance mov?ing towards the shore. It seemed to grow taller by the second.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

Paragraph 1：

My father shouted at us to run back to the hotel._____________________________________________

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Paragraph 2：

We waited a long time before going downstairs._____________________________________________

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