Hsa_circRNA_063981作为2型糖尿病诊断标志物的初步研究

2023-08-01 07:05周黎琴边蓉胡斐楼大勇
中国现代医生 2023年19期
关键词:空腹受试者标志物

周黎琴,边蓉,胡斐,楼大勇

·论 著·

Hsa_circRNA_063981作为2型糖尿病诊断标志物的初步研究

周黎琴1,边蓉1,胡斐2,楼大勇1

1.浙江省诸暨市人民医院药事部,浙江诸暨 311800;2.温州医科大学慈溪生物医药研究院实验管理中心,浙江慈溪 315302

分析Hsa_circRNA_063981在2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者中的表达情况,了解其与临床指标和炎症因子的相关性。选取2021年5月至10月于浙江省诸暨市人民医院就诊的40例T2DM患者纳入T2DM组,选取同期40名健康体检者纳入对照组。比较两组受试者的一般临床资料、Hsa_circRNA_063981和白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)的表达水平,Pearson相关性分析Hsa_circRNA_063981与临床指标和炎症指标的相关性,绘制受试者操作特征曲线评估Hsa_circRNA_063981诊断T2DM的潜在价值。T2DM组患者的体质量指数、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、空腹C肽均显著高于对照组,空腹胰岛素显著低于对照组(0.05)。T2DM组患者的Hsa_circRNA_063981、IL-6表达均显著高于对照组(<0.05)。Hsa_circRNA_063981与空腹胰岛素水平呈正相关(=0.397,=0.011),与IL-6无相关性。Hsa_circRNA_063981诊断T2DM患者的曲线下面积为0.610,敏感度和特异性分别为33.3%和87.23%。Hsa_circRNA_063981对T2DM具有一定的诊断价值。

Hsa_circRNA_063981;2型糖尿病;胰岛素;白细胞介素-6

2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)约占糖尿病的90%,主要表现为血糖升高、胰岛素分泌不足和胰岛素抵抗[1]。目前临床上主要通过检测血糖值来诊断糖尿病,有效生物标志物的发现和对潜在治疗靶点的探索,是糖尿病诊断和治疗的新方向。白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)是一种在多种疾病发生发展中均起重要作用的细胞因子,与炎症、胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能障碍有关[2-3]。研究显示IL-6具有抗炎和改善葡萄糖代谢的作用[4]。环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一类可形成共价闭合环的长链非编码RNA[5]。鉴于circRNA的特殊性能,其在糖尿病、肿瘤、心力衰竭和帕金森病等疾病中均发挥重要作用[6-9]。研究证实circRNA与胰岛素分泌和糖尿病发病机制相关,其中circRNA-CDR1可调节胰岛素分泌和β细胞数量,Hsa_circRNA_0054633与糖基化相关,均可作为糖尿病前期或T2DM的潜在诊断标志物[5]。本研究拟评估Hsa_circRNA_063981与T2DM之间的关系,为T2DM的早期诊断和治疗寻找潜在的生物标志物。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2021年5月至10月于浙江省诸暨市人民医院就诊的40例T2DM患者纳入T2DM组。纳入标准:典型的糖尿病症状(烦渴多饮、多尿、多食、不明原因体质量下降)加随机血糖≥11.1mmol/L或空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)≥7.0mmol/L或葡萄糖耐量实验2h血糖≥11.1mmol/L或糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)≥6.5%。排除标准:合并T2DM急慢性并发症患者,如糖尿病酮症酸中毒、高渗综合征及T2DM导致的心脑血管疾病、糖尿病肾病、糖尿病视网膜病变、糖尿病足等;合并妊娠糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)、高血压、肝肾综合征和肿瘤患者;体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)≥30kg/m2患者;吸烟患者。选取同期40名健康体检者纳入对照组。本研究经浙江省诸暨市人民医院伦理委员会批准(伦理审批号:[2022]医伦第(0107)号),所有受试者均签署知情同意书。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 一般临床资料收集 收集受试者的一般临床资料,包括年龄、BMI、血压、HbA1c、FBG、空腹C肽、空腹胰岛素、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-L)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein- cholesterol,HDL-L)。

1.2.2 总RNA提取和互补DNA合成 收集受试者的空腹外周静脉血3ml,12000转/min离心10min,取上清,储存于–80℃备用。使用TRIZOL LS试剂(赛默飞,德国)从血清中分离总RNA。提取的总RNA使用紫外分光光度计检测纯度,符合标准者用于反转录为互补DNA。反转录条件:42℃ 50min,85℃ 5min。反转录完成后立即保存在–80℃冰箱。

1.2.3 实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应 在以下条件下进行:95℃初始变性5min,随后94℃ 10s、引物特异性退火温度20s、72℃ 30s,共45个循环,Hsa_circRNA_063981的退火温度为55℃,β-肌动蛋白的退火温度为56℃。

1.2.4 酶联免疫吸附试验检测 购买IL-6酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)试剂盒(PI330,碧云天,中国)。按照试剂盒说明测定受试者血清IL-6水平。

1.3 统计学方法

2 结果

2.1 两组受试者的临床指标比较

T2DM组患者的BMI、收缩压、舒张压、FBG、HbA1c、空腹C肽均显著高于对照组,空腹胰岛素显著低于对照组(0.05),见表1。

2.2 两组受试者的Hsa_circRNA_063981表达比较

T2DM组患者的Hsa_circRNA_063981表达显著高于对照组(=0.013),见图1。

2.3 T2DM患者Hsa_circRNA_063981水平与空腹胰岛素的关系

Pearson相关性分析结果显示,Hsa_circRNA_063981与空腹胰岛素水平呈正相关(=0.397,=0.011),与其他临床指标均无相关性(>0.05),见图2。

2.4 两组受试者的IL-6水平比较

T2DM组患者的IL-6水平显著高于对照组(<0.001),见图3。

2.5 T2DM患者Hsa_circRNA_063981水平与血清IL-6的关系

Pearson相关性分析结果显示,Hsa_circRNA_063981与IL-6之间无相关性(=0.098,=0.545),见图4。

2.6 Hsa_circRNA_063981对T2DM患者的诊断价值

绘制ROC曲线,Hsa_circRNA_063981诊断T2DM患者的曲线下面积为0.610(95%:0.533~0.772,=0.019),敏感度和特异性分别为33.3%和87.23%,见图5。

表1 两组受试者的临床指标比较()

注:1mmHg=0.133kPa

图1 两组受试者的Hsa_circRNA_063981表达比较

图2 Hsa_circRNA_063981与空腹胰岛素的相关性

图3 两组受试者的IL-6水平比较

图4 Hsa_circRNA_063981与IL-6的相关性

图5 Hsa_circRNA_063981诊断T2DM患者的 ROC曲线

3 讨论

T2DM是由多种病因引起的以慢性高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病,由胰岛素分泌和(或)作用缺陷引起[10-11]。本研究选择健康人群和T2DM患者作为研究对象,并对两组的临床生化指标进行比较。结果与既往研究一致,T2DM患者多为肥胖患者,BMI明显高于健康人群。长期高血糖可对患者的血管造成影响,使血管更易硬化,减弱血管的舒缩功能,因此T2DM患者的收缩压和舒张压均高于对照组。HbA1c主要用于评估T2DM患者既往2个月的血糖控制情况[12];HbA1c越高,表明T2DM患者的血糖控制情况越差。本研究发现T2DM患者的HbA1c水平高于对照者,血糖控制不佳,应接受降糖治疗。此外,T2DM患者的FBG较高,提示其临床治疗方案有待完善。血清C肽水平反映胰岛β细胞的储备[13]。本研究发现T2DM患者的C肽高于对照组,说明T2DM患者需要储备更多胰岛素来降低升高的血糖。T2DM患者胰岛功能受损,分泌胰岛素能力下降,本研究证实T2DM患者的胰岛素分泌下降。IL-6除具有免疫调节作用外,在T2DM的发生发展中也具有重要调节作用[14]。研究证实IL-6在代谢调节,尤其是葡萄糖稳态中发挥重要作用[15]。

circRNA是一种新型的非编码RNA,其表达水平是线性RNA的10倍[16]。因此,circRNA作为一种生物标志物比线性RNA更有优势。作为一种常见的非编码RNA,Hsa_circRNA_063981在哺乳动物中广泛表达,其可作为分子海绵调节信使RNA的基因表达,也可作为DNA和编码蛋白之间的桥梁[17]。Gu等[17]通过微阵列描述多种circRNA在糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)患者中的表达情况,结果发现Hsa_circRNA_063981在DR患者中高表达,与单纯T2DM患者和健康对照人群相比均有统计学意义,并在DR患者病理过程中起调节作用,为DR患者的治疗提供新的见解,同样为研究糖尿病并发症发病机制提供新的研究方向。Wu等[18]比较正常孕妇和GDM孕妇血液中Hsa_circRNA_063981的表达情况,发现Hsa_circRNA_063981在妊娠晚期GDM孕妇中低表达。比较新生儿脐带血中Hsa_circRNA_ 063981的表达水平发现,GDM孕妇所生新生儿血液中Hsa_circRNA_063981高表达,且与其他circRNA存在相关性,可间接调节HbA1c和GDM孕妇血糖水平。以上研究均表明,Hsa_circRNA_063981与糖代谢和胰岛功能存在相关性,可作为糖尿病和糖尿病相关疾病的诊断和预后的生物标志物。本研究结果显示,Hsa_circRNA_063981在T2DM患者中高表达,且Hsa_circRNA_063981与T2DM患者血清胰岛素的分泌呈正相关,提示Hsa_circRNA_063981的表达与胰岛β细胞的分泌功能相关。Dai等[19]研究发现,糖尿病患者的Hsa_circRNA_0054633与炎症因子IL-17和肿瘤坏死因子-α相关。本研究发现IL-6在T2DM患者中高表达,但与Hsa_circRNA_063981无相关性,其原因需进一步分析。ROC曲线评估Hsa_circRNA_ 063981对T2DM患者的诊断价值,曲线下面积为0.610,具有一定的诊断意义,但诊断价值偏低。

综上,Hsa_circRNA_063981在T2DM患者中高表达,与血清胰岛素呈正相关,但与炎症指标IL-6无相关性,可作为诊断T2DM的潜在血清生物标志物。

[1] HU F, QIU X, BU S. Pancreatic islet dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Arch Physiol Biochem, 2020, 126(3): 235–241.

[2] AKBARI M, HASSAN-ZADEH V. IL-6 signalling pathways and the development of type 2 diabetes[J]. Inflammopharmacology, 2018, 26(3): 685–698.

[3] BOWKER N, SHAH R L, SHARP S J, et al. Meta- analysis investigating the role of interleukin-6 mediated inflammation in type 2 diabetes[J]. EBioMedicine, 2020, 61: 103062.

[4] CHENG H, ZHU W, ZHU M, et al. Meta-analysis: Interleukin 6 gene -174G/C polymorphism associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and interleukin 6 changes[J]. J Cell Mol Med, 2021, 25(12): 5628–5639.

[5] KONG F, LV Z, WANG L, et al. RNA-sequencing of peripheral blood circular RNAs in Parkinson disease[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2021, 100(23): e25888.

[6] SUN H, TANG W, RONG D, et al. Hsa_circ_0000520, a potential new circular RNA biomarker, is involved in gastric carcinoma[J]. Cancer Biomark, 2018, 21(2): 299–306.

[7] YARI Z, BEHROUZ V, ZAND H, et al. New insight into diabetes management: From glycemic index to dietary insulin index[J]. Curr Diabetes Rev, 2020, 16(4): 293–300.

[8] CHEN R X, LIU H L, YANG L L, et al. Circular RNA circRNA_0000285 promotes cervical cancer development by regulating FUS[J]. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2019, 23(20): 8771–8778.

[9] DU W W, FANG L, YANG W, et al. Induction of tumor apoptosis through a circular RNA enhancing Foxo3 activity[J]. Cell Death Differ, 2017, 24(2): 357–370.

[10] LIU Z, RAN Y, TAO C, et al. Detection of circular RNA expression and related quantitative trait loci in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex[J]. Genome Biol, 2019, 20(1): 99.

[11] PALUMBO C, NICOLACI N, LA MANNA A A, et al. Association between central diabetes insipidus and type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Medicina (B Aires), 2018, 78(2): 127–130.

[12] GHASEMI A, NOROUZIRAD R. Type 2 diabetes: An updated overview[J]. Crit Rev Oncog, 2019, 24(3): 213–222.

[13] YAZDANPANAH S, RABIEE M, TAHRIRI M, et al. Evaluation of glycated albumin (GA) and GA/HbA1c ratio for diagnosis of diabetes and glycemic control: A comprehensive review[J]. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci, 2017, 54(4): 219–232.

[14] WEI Y, QUAN L, ZHOU T, et al. The relationship between different C-peptide level and insulin dose of insulin pump[J]. Nutr Diabetes, 2021, 11(1): 7.

[15] TIMPER K, DENSON J L, STECULORUM S M, et al. IL-6 improves energy and glucose homeostasis in obesity via enhanced central IL-6 trans-signaling[J]. Cell Rep, 2017, 19(2): 267–280.

[16] LEI B, TIAN Z, FAN W, et al. Circular RNA: A novel biomarker and therapeutic target for human cancers[J]. Int J Med Sci, 2019, 16(2): 292–301.

[17] GU Y, KE G, WANG L, et al. Altered expression profile of circular rnas in the serum of patients with diabetic retinopathy revealed by microarray[J]. Ophthalmic Res, 2017, 58(3): 176–184.

[18] WU H, WU S, ZHU Y, et al. Hsa_circRNA_0054633 is highly expressed in gestational diabetes mellitus and closely related to glycosylation index[J]. Clin Epigenetics, 2019, 11(1): 22.

[19] DAI H, HU F, YANG X, et al. Hsa_circ_0054633 association of C peptide is related to IL-17 and TNF-α in patients with diabetes mellitus receiving insulin treatment[J]. J Clin Lab Anal, 2021, 35(8): e23856.

Preliminary study of Hsa_circRNA_063981 as a diagnostic marker for type 2 diabetes mellitus

ZHOU Liqin, BIAN Rong, HU Fei, LOU Dayong

1.Department of Pharmaceutical Affairs, Zhuji People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China; 2.Experimental Management Center, Cixi Institute of Biomedicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi 315302, Zhejiang, China

To investigate the expression of Hsa_circRNA_063981 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its correlation with clinical indicators and inflammatory factors.A total of 40 T2DM patients treated in Zhuji People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province from May to October 2021 were included in T2DM group, and 40 healthy physical examination subjects were included in control group during the same period. The general clinical data, expression levels of Hsa_circRNA_063981 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were compared between the two groups, and the correlation between Hsa_circRNA_063981 and clinical and inflammatory indicators was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. The potential value of Hsa_circRNA_063981 in the diagnosis of T2DM was evaluated by drawing receiver operating characteristic curve.The body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting C-peptide in T2DM group were significantly higher than those in control group, and fasting insulin was significantly lower than that in control group (<0.05). The expressions of Hsa_circRNA_063981 and IL-6 in T2DM group were significantly higher than those in control group (<0.05). Hsa_circRNA_063981 was positively correlated with fasting insulin level (=0.397,=0.011), but not with IL-6. The area under the curve of Hsa_circRNA_063981 for T2DM diagnosis was 0.610, and the sensitivity and specificity were 33.3% and 87.23%, respectively.Hsa_circRNA_063981 is valuable in the diagnosis of T2DM.

Hsa_circRNA_063981; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Insulin; Interleukin-6

R587.1

A

10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2023.19.009

宁波市自然科学基金资助项目(2021J031)

楼大勇,电子信箱:dayonglou@163.com

(2022–09–23)

(2023–06–15)

猜你喜欢
空腹受试者标志物
涉及人的生物医学研究应遵循的伦理原则
涉及人的生物医学研究应遵循的伦理原则
采血为何要空腹
空腹运动,瘦得更快?
涉及人的生物医学研究应遵循的伦理原则
涉及人的生物医学研究应遵循的伦理原则
空腹喝水
脓毒症早期诊断标志物的回顾及研究进展
冠状动脉疾病的生物学标志物
肿瘤标志物在消化系统肿瘤早期诊断中的应用