七选五常见错误原因及对策

卢心怡

（江苏省苏州实验中学）

2021 年江苏省开始采用新高考全国Ⅰ卷，其中新题型七选五阅读对考生来说无疑是一大挑战。根据《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明》的要求，江苏新高考英语试卷阅读理解的第二节，考查学生理解语篇上下文逻辑关系的能力。要求考生根据所提供短文的内容（300 词左右），从短文后所提供的七个选项中为每个小题选出一个最佳选项。该题型侧重考查学生的思维逻辑性，体现了新课标中对学生思维品质能力的要求。《普通高中英语课程标准（2017 年版2020 年修订）》提出，思维品质是指思维在逻辑性，批判性，创新性等方面所表现的能力和水平，思维品质体现英语学科核心素养的心智特征。思维品质的发展有助于提升学生分析和解决问题的能力，使他们能够从跨文化视角观察和认识世界，对事物作出正确的价值判断。从笔者的教学实践来说，这个题型之所以让考生们头疼的主要原因是容易发生连环错误。一是因为给出的七个选项中两个多余的选项往往非常具有迷惑性，很难排除，极易被当成正确选项。二是一旦把正确的选项填入错误的位置时，一下子至少就会错两个选项。笔者仔细分析了七选五阅读理解题型的特点后，对七选五阅读理解设计出如下解题步骤。

一、七选五阅读解题步骤

1.先通读全文，理清文章主旨和脉络。

2.按照A-G 的顺序，仔细阅读每个选项，根据上下文，尽量把每个选项都放到题干里去。如果读完某个选项，不知该选项放哪个位置，则跳过该选项，继续读下一个选项，直到读完所有选项。这步进行的是粗略的答案放置。通常来说，进行完这步，大部分选项都有了“家”，有的题干里可能会有两个答案（因为有两个多余选项的干扰）。

3.仔细阅读有两个选项的题干，看上下文，结合文章主旨和脉络后进行判断，删除其中的一个干扰项。

4.排除之前已经选到题干里非常确定的选项后，把剩余的全部选项放入还没有确定选项的一到两题中。通过阅读上下文比较后，完成答题。

5.复查所有答案，看所填答案逻辑是否合理，语义是否连贯。

这种解题步骤的核心是从选项入手，而非按照题号顺序一题一题解答。因为题目的难度不是按照题号顺序层层递进的。从简单的确定的选项入手，一步一步，过渡到最难的一题，这样在排除之前非常肯定的选项后，在剩余的选项里去考虑最难的那题，可以在很大程度上避免连环错。在笔者向学生们介绍这种解题步骤后，笔者所任教的班级这个题型得分进步明显。

当然，除了掌握好正确的七选五阅读理解的解题方法，笔者还发现以下几种原因也是导致学生们这个题型失分的关键。

二、七选五阅读常见错误原因及对策

错误原因1.基本功不扎实

(2023 年全国甲卷) Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person

Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams,long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer.36 .

In the Digital Age,we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.However,research suggests that if we practiced patience,we’d be a whole lot better off.Here are several tricks.

D.All this adds up to a state of hurry

E.It can also help us practice more patience

G.They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience

第36 题学生很容易错选D 选项，笔者提醒学生D 选项中this 是单数，而traffic jams,long lines and waiting for a vacation to start 是个复数概念时，学生不禁笑了，原来高考还要考查小学英语的知识啊。同理可得E 选项中it 也是错误的。请看下一篇七选五文章：

（江苏省苏州市2021 届高三上期中考试）No one will be surprised to hear that the arts are under fire in this day and age.We view the arts as something of a hobby,something that’s fun but certainly can’t pay the rent.Do we really need art in our lives?

It seems as though the loss of art in daily life is a sad fact of life,but it doesn’t have to be.1 For example,art therapy has helped people with a range of illnesses,both mental and physical,cope with their symptoms.Art is found almost anywhere you look in your home.Practical items,such as furniture or clothing,are all art forms in themselves and arouse emotions in the people interacting with them.

...

So,do we need art in our lives? Many people would say no,but the art they’re thinking of is the art you see in galleries.5 It helps those in need,gives people in the future an idea of what life was like,and is a vital form of self-expression.

C.There are actually a lot of practical uses for art for many people.

D.Art is much more accessible and is truly needed in everyday life.

第1 题有许多学生误选D 选项，究其原因是对accessible 这词一知半解，并不清楚其真正的意思。同时觉得D 选项的后半句话：艺术被大家所需要，放在第一题，跟下文非常符合。但是，当学生们知道accessible 表示易理解的意思的时候，就知道D 选项放在第五题才对，D 选项中的accessible 对应第五题的上文：艺术并不只是你在galleries 看到的高大上的东西，D 选项后半句对应下文It helps those in need...D 选项若放在第一题则much more accessible 跟上文不连贯。

对策1：夯实基本功新高考试卷非常重视基础知识的考查，高中教师不能一味追求难题的讲解，要帮助学生梳理小学初中知识的盲点和难点并一一讲解突破。强化词汇教学，尤其是一词多义，相近词的区别等。在新授课时，教师尽量要在各种丰富的语境中呈现词块，帮助学生更好地掌握好词汇。

错误原因2.不会根据上下文，对不认识的词组进行合理推测

(2022 届福建省龙岩市高中毕业班第一次教学质量检测) Clarify the team expectations so everyone is on the same page.2 It’s likely that each teammate has a different idea about what’s expected of them,as well as what everyone else needs to be doing.It’s essential that the team discuss these expectations and agree on one universal list of expectations that everyone will follow.

E.State the issue you’re having,then listen to what everyone has to say.

G.This can include explaining the expectations or asking questions if you find them unclear.

第2 题有些同学误选E 项，其原因是看不懂第二段on the same page 这个短语，所以只能根据该题后面所说 each teammate has a different idea 和E 选项中listen to what everyone has to say 对应而选择E。其实，像on the same page（一个生词也没有，但是组合在一起是同学没学过的短语）这样的词组在试卷中很常见，考生们需要通过阅读上下文来推测这类词组的大概意思的，千万不要一看到陌生短语就不知所措。当阅读下文后，得出本段大意：组长要跟组员说清楚每个人要做什么。从而得知on the same page 和下文agree on one universal list of sth 是一个意思。

对策2：教师在平时教学时要培养学生根据上下文来推断未知单词或者词组意思的能力。教师可以拓展阅读材料，有计划得开展相关阅读技巧的训练。

错误原因3.只抓关键词就进行选择

(2023 年全国乙卷) Aloe vera,peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors.You can buy plants from supermarkets,garden centres or online.Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones,and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants.“ 40,”Spoelstra says.“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”

E.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best

G.Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding

第40 题学生很容易误选E，因为看到E 选项中peace lilies 是该段第一句话中peace lilies 的复现。但是当笔者提示同学们仔细阅读E 选项的意思后，学生发现这句话跟上下文根本不匹配。

对策3：一定不能因为选项中出现这段的关键词就进行选择。有时陷阱就是利用学生的这个心理让大家上当。读选项时，一定要耐心读完整句话表达的意思后，思考该选项是否符合上下文。

错误原因4.只会瞻前不会顾后，没有语篇意识

（深圳市普通高中2021—2022 学年高三第一次调研考试英语试题）Oscar Wilde once said,“Man is least himself when he talks in his own person.Give him a mask,and he will tell you the truth.”Art provides a way to communicate experiences when people lack verbal skills.

What are art therapists’ superpower? They can channel dangerous thoughts into imaginative artworks.For instance,people with violent tendencies might let out their anger by hitting another human being.5 These artistic choices satisfy the brain’s desire for novelty without compromising personal safety.

D.But,obviously,releasing their anger in this way isn’t a good choice.

G.However,with art therapists’ help,their energy could be changed into creative products.

这题很多错选的学生选了D，D 跟上文逻辑是连贯的，但是跟下文并不连贯。只有G 才是上下文都符合。再看下一篇七选五文章：

(2022 届江苏南通市基地学校期中大联考解析) If you have an uphill hike,you may be worried about how your body will hold up over mile after mile.There are a few things you can do to keep the experience from being a painful one.1

Uphill climbing requires hard work from your hamstrings.These powerful leg muscles work overtime.And if you’ll be carrying a backpack,your upper body also plays a big part.2 Besides,you’ll need arm and shoulder strength to get your pack on and off.

Depending on the length of the hike you’re planning,you might increase your training.3 If your hike will be very steep,you might add some stair sets to your workout.You can do these at home or go to a facility like a stadium that has a lot of stairs for extended climbs.

4 If you’ve been jogging for twenty minutes,try alternating one day of longer jogging with a hilly hike while wearing a backpack.If you’ve been walking for your exercise,alternate longer walks with walks that include hills.

As with any workout program,the key is to keep at it.5 Chances are that once you get moving,you’ll be more interested in keeping on until you finish.And if you find that you don’t want to do it,keep your goal in mind.

A.Warm-up is a must when jogging.

B.This is the time to schedule that daily walk or jog.

C.Jogging is a great way to have fun and stay in shape.

D.You’ll need the core muscles to carry your pack for hours.

E.A little training,good planning,and a strong will can help.

F.Now it’s time to increase the difficulty of your daily walk or jog.

G.You should make a promise to yourself that you’ll at least get started.

第1 题学生误选ABCDG 的都有，殊不知第一题不仅要跟上文符合，还起到统领下文的作用，只有E 符合，因为下文第二段到第五段均围绕E展开。

对策4：强化学生语篇意识，这包括句与句之间的逻辑关系（瞻前顾后），也包括段与段之间的逻辑关系，尤其是某一段的最后一句话与下文的关系。有时某段最后一句话只是起到连接本段与下一段的作用，但是有时却是起到统领下面好几段甚至整个语篇的作用，要有大局观。学习语篇知识是发展语言运用能力的基础。语篇知识有助于语言使用者有效理解听到或读到的语篇，比如，关于语篇中的立论句，段落主题句可以帮助读者把握文章的脉络，从而提高阅读效果。

5.不注意细节

(2023 年新课标Ⅰ卷) Personal Forgiveness

Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step,but don’t beat yourself up about them.To err(犯错) is human.36 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.

...

It’s something of a cliché（陈词滥调）that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes.The thing is,it’s true.40 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.

A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.

D.It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.

第36 题，学生极易误选A 选项：一点自我宽恕也非常有帮助。因为第一段是总起这篇文章的段落，而整篇文章就是在讲要看到自己优秀的地方，是人都会犯错，要学会宽恕自己，A 选项非常符合。但是当笔者提醒学生注意also 这个单词时，学生陷入了沉思。假若选A，则上文应该提到别的很有帮助的点才对。而D 选项对你自己宽恕很重要，才是符合上下文的。

对策5：引导学生做题时一定注意细节，不能遗漏任何一个单词，多看或者少看一个单词都会导致整句话的意思发生变化。同时，教师也要注重培养学生耐心作答的能力，不少学生有些时候整句话未读完整，就着急完成答题，这是非常不可取的。

6.上下文逻辑上重复

（2023 春江苏高一期末联考）Fruits and vegetables bring some pretty attractive benefits to our human bodies.Evidence shows that,when consumed daily,they can help reduce the risk of diseases,including heart disease and some cancers.There’s also some research to suggest they may protect against type-2 diabetes.1

While most fruits come ready to eat,vegetables usually get some sort of cooking before they reach your plate.2 So,if you’re going to cook the vegetable,what’s the most nutritious way to do it?...

B.This matters,because cooking affects nutrient levels.

C.According to this,we should find out the best cooking method.

第2 题有些学生选择C 选项，殊不知C 选项跟下句话语义上存在明显的重复。

对策6：一定要仔细阅读选择的选项，瞻前顾后，看选项的意思是否跟上文或者下文的意思发生重复。如若重复，坚决不能选择该选项。

结束语：七选五阅读的解题过程不仅需要学生具备观察、比较、分析、推断等方面的思维品质，更需要学生们有强烈的语篇意识。教师要不断激发学生学习的热情，引导学生不断总结错误的原因，从而进一步提升学生逻辑思维分析能力。七选五阅读理解的设置非常符合普通高中英语课程的标准，有助于发展学生的英语学科核心素养，从而进一步培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。