英国的古老城堡

山东 孙启禄

Berkhamsted Castle

1Built in 1066 by Robert of Mortain, Berkhamsted Castle is the oldest castle in England.In 1216, the castle was captured by LouisⅧand was owned by several members of the royal family in the following years.By the 15th century, the castle became unpopular with a reputation as being unfit for the royal leaders.A conical motte (城堡丘陵) stands at the northeast corner of the castle.The London-Birmingham Railway was directed through the castle.Berkhamsted was the first castle to be protected by an Act of Parliament(议会).

Norwich Castle

2The Norwich Castle was built between 1066 and 1075 in Norwich, England by William the Conqueror to keep the newly acquired kingdom of East Anglia in subjection (屈服).The castle is fitted with an entry that is 88ft long and 68ft high.The southern half of the castle is divided into several rooms including a fireplace, a private king's room, and a chapel (小教堂).Since its construction,the castle has served as a garrison (驻防地),a county prison,and currently acts as a museum.The Norwich Castle Museum & Art Gallery houses a collection of art,archaeology,and national exhibitions.

Warwick Castle

3Warwick Castle in Warwickshire, England, was built in 1068 by William the Conqueror.The original castle was built of wood before being rebuilt in stone in the 12th century.A river flows below the castle on the eastern side where eroding rock has formed a cliff that acts as a natural barrier.The castle has been open to the public since the 17th century and has become a significant part of history of 19th century England.

Lincoln Castle

4Lincoln Castle in Lincoln, England, was constructed in 1068 by William the Conqueror to replace a Roman fortress (堡垒) that occupied the land.It is one of two castles that have two mottes, the other one being Lewes Castle.It is one of the best-preserved castles in England after serving as a prison and a law court.It is now open to the public as a museum.

Reading Check

1.What can we learn about Berkhamsted Castle?

A.The king's family once lived in it.

B.It was constructed by Louis Ⅷ.

C.It lies in the northeast corner of England.

D.It is the newest-preserved castle in England.

2.What is special about Warwick Castle?

A.It was built as a museum.

B.It was a wooden castle at first.

C.It was built as a natural barrier.

D.It was built by William the Conqueror in 1067.

3.What do Norwich Castle and Lincoln Castle have in common?

A.They both have two mottes.

B.They were built at the same time.

C.They act as museums at present.

D.They were once used as the king's palace.

➢语篇解码

本文是一篇信息性文本，主要介绍了英国四座古老的城堡。

➢语言学习

Ⅰ.语料荟萃

语篇单词重要短语castle n.城堡 capture vt.夺取century n.世纪 royal adj.皇家的reputation n.名誉；名望 protect v.保护acquire vt.获得 including prep.包括currently adv.目前 museum n.博物馆collection n.一批物品；收藏品 significant adj.重要的construct vt.建设 replace vt.代替_____________occupy vt.占领___________________________________________________________________________preserve_vt.保存；保护become unpopular with 不受……的欢迎 be unfit for 不适合……be fitted with 配备有……at the corner of 在……的角落be divided into 被分成……be open to the public 对公众开放____________se___________________________________________________________________rve_as_用作；充当

Ⅱ.语句分析

1.A river flows below the castle on the eastern side where eroding rock has formed a cliff that acts as a natural barrier.一条河流流经城堡东侧的下方，侵蚀的岩石形成了峭壁，这种峭壁充当了天然屏障。

【点石成金】本句是一个主从复合句。A river flows below the castle on the eastern side是主句，where eroding rock has formed a cliff 是限制性定语从句。

2.The castle has been open to the public since the 17th century and has become a significant part of history of 19th century England.这座城堡自17 世纪开始向公众开放，并成为19世纪英格兰历史的重要组成部分。

【点石成金】本句是一个简单句。句子的主干The castle has been open...and has become a significant part是主系表结构。

➢语言运用

Ⅰ.例句仿写

1.当我看到那张老照片时，我总是回想起我们相遇的场景。

As I saw the old photo,I always looked back on the scene ______________________.

2.我的家乡是一个三面环山的美丽村庄。

My hometown is a beautiful village _______________________.

Ⅱ.写作实践

假定你是李华，你和父母决定暑假期间到英国旅游，打算去参观几座著名的城堡。请你给英国好友Alice写一封邮件，让她推荐几处。要点如下：

1.计划去旅游的时间和天数；

2.希望她推荐几处城堡。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Alice,

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua