张梦瑶 张咪 韩彦弢 赵文文
[摘要] 目的
探究丹参葛根提取物(DG)对阿霉素(DOX)引发的心力衰竭小鼠(DOX-HF小鼠)的心脏保护作用。
方法 将32只6周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组(A组)、模型组(B组)、低剂量给药组(C组)和高剂量给药组(D组),每组8只。B组、C组和D组腹腔注射DOX 4周(每周5 mg/kg),C组和D组在建模开始时每日1次灌胃DG水溶液,灌胃剂量分别为50 mg/kg和100 mg/kg;A组、B组每日灌胃相同剂量的生理盐水。采用超声心动图检测评估心脏机械功能改变情况,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色和Masson染色观察心肌组织病理学变化,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清中氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平。
结果 超声心动图检测结果显示,与A组相比,B组左室射血分数(EF)、左室短軸缩短率(FS)显著下降,左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)和左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)显著升高;与B组相比,C组和D组EF和FS显著升高,LVEDV和LVESV显著下降,差异均有显著性(F=7.66~29.30,P<0.05)。HE染色结果显示,与A组相比,B组心肌组织结构明显异常,心肌细胞排列紊乱且水肿,空泡化严重;C组和D组心肌细胞排列轻度紊乱,可见少许空泡。Masson染色结果显示,与A组相比,B组胶原沉积显著增加,C组和D组胶原沉积较B组明显减少。ELISA检测显示,与A组比较,B组NT-proBNP、cTnI、TNF-α和IL-6水平显著升高,C组和D组NT-proBNP、cTnI、TNF-α和IL-6水平较B组显著下降,差异有显著性(F=17.54~32.59,P<0.05)。
结论 DG能够有效保护DOX-HF小鼠的心脏功能。
[关键词] 多柔比星;心力衰竭;丹参葛根提取物;炎症
[中图分类号] R969
[文献标志码] A
[文章编号] 2096-5532(2023)06-0894-04
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2023.59.202
[网络出版] https://link.cnki.net/urlid/37.1517.R.20240104.1606.003;2024-01-08 11:04:52
EFFECT OF SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA AND RADIX PUERARIAE EXTRACT ON DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED HEART FAILURE IN MICE
ZHANG Mengyao, ZHANG Mi, HAN Yantao, ZHAO Wenwen
(School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)
; [ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo explore the cardioprotective effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza-Radix puerariae extract (DG) on mice with heart failure induced by doxorubicin (DOX-HF mice).
MethodsIn the experiment, 32 C57BL/6J mice (6 weeks old, male) were randomly divided into four groups: control group (group A), model group (group B), low-dose DG group (group C), and high-dose DG group (group D) (n=8 per group). Mice form groups B, C, and D received an intraperitoneal injection of DOX for 4 weeks (5 mg/kg per week). Meanwhile, mice in groups C and D were intragastrically given DG water solution once daily at the beginning of modeling with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Mice in groups A and B were intragastrically given the same dose of normal saline daily. The changes in cardiac mechanical function were evaluated by echocardiography; myocardial histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure levels of serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
ResultsEchocardiography data showed that compared with group A, group B had significantly decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening and significantly increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-systolic volume. Above phenomena that occurred in group B were significantly reversed in groups C and D (F=7.66-29.30,P<0.05). Furthermore, the data from HE staining showed that significantly abnormal myocardial tissue structure characterized by disordered and edematous myocardial cells especially with se-
rious vacuolation was observed in group B compared with group A. Meanwhile, above morphological changes were alle-
viated with DG treatment in mice from groups C and D. Besides, the data from Masson staining showed that collagen deposition was significantly increased in group B compared with group A but was significantly reduced in groups C and D compared with group B. Additionally, ELISA data showed that compared with group A, group B had significantly increased levels of serum NT-proBNP, cTnI, TNF-α, and IL-6, while these cytokines were significantly decreased in mice from groups C and D compared with those from group B (F=17.54-32.59,P<0.05).
ConclusionDG presents
a cardioprotective effect on DOX-HF mice.
[KEY WORDS]doxorubicin; heart failure; Salvia miltiorrhiza-Radix pueraria extract; inflammation
中國的心血管疾病和癌症发病率处于较高水平,且随着长期使用抗肿瘤药物,其引发的心血管并发症是多数病人死亡的重要原因,其中心力衰竭(HF)是主要的并发症之一[1-3]。防治抗肿瘤诱发的HF是现阶段面临的棘手问题。HF是由于心脏结构或功能异常导致心室充盈或射血能力受损的一组复杂临床综合征[4-6]。丹参葛根提取物(DG)源自《施今墨对药》,丹参功效活血祛瘀,化瘀生新,镇静安神;葛根轻扬升发,解肌退热;两者合用,气血同治,相辅相成[7]。本研究通过建立阿霉素(DOX)诱导的HF(DOX-HF)小鼠模型,探究DG对DOX-HF小鼠的心脏保护作用,为DG应用于抗肿瘤治疗诱发的心脏病的临床治疗提供参考。现将结果报告如下。
1 材料与方法
1.1 实验材料
1.1.1 实验动物 6周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠32只,体质量20~25 g,购买于济南朋悦实验动物育种有限公司,饲养于青岛大学动物实验中心,室温(22±2)℃,湿度(60±5)%,光照/黑暗周期为12 h,
自由饮水和进食。
1.1.2 仪器及试剂 DG购买于南通经纬生物科技有限公司;DOX购自美国MCE公司;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色试剂盒和Masson染色试剂盒购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司;氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)ELISA试剂盒购自武汉伊莱瑞特生物科技有限公司;小动物超声系统(中国维胜中国有限公司)。
1.2 实验方法
1.2.1 DOX-HF小鼠模型的制备以及实验分组
C57BL/6J小鼠适应性喂养1周后,随机分为4组,每组8只,分别为对照组(A组)、模型组(B组)、低剂量给药组(C组)、高剂量给药组(D组)。B组、C组和D组连续4周腹腔注射DOX建立HF小鼠模型,注射剂量为每周5 mg/kg,累计剂量为20 mg/kg,A组不做处理。C组和D组在建模初始时每日灌胃给予DG提取液,灌胃剂量分别为50 mg/kg和100 mg/kg;A组和B组在建模初始时每日灌胃给予同等剂量的生理盐水。
1.2.2 超声心动图检查 腹腔注射5 g/L戊巴比妥钠(10 mL/kg)麻醉小鼠,采用配备MS400探头(18~38 MHz)的Vevo 2100成像系统获得心脏超声心动图,检测左室射血分数(EF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)和左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)。
1.2.3 样本采集及处理 末次灌胃结束后,禁食12 h,眼球取血,室温静置30 min,4 500 r/min离心15 min,吸取血清,用于生化指标检测。取心脏组织并迅速置于40 g/L多聚甲醛中固定48 h。
1.2.4 苏木精-伊红(HE)染色 心脏组织固定后,常规石蜡包埋、切片,厚度为5 μm。应用HE染色试剂盒染色,按照说明书操作。显微镜下观察各组小鼠心肌组织病理学变化。
1.2.5 Masson染色 应用Masson染色试剂盒,操作严格按照说明书方法进行,显微镜下观察各组小鼠心肌纤维化情况。
1.2.6 血清中NT-proBNP、cTnI、TNF-α和IL-6水平检测 将血清样本从-80 ℃冰箱中取出,平衡至室温,采用ELISA检测试剂盒检测各指标水平,严格按照试剂盒说明书操作。
1.3 统计学分析
采用Graphpad prism 5.0软件进行统计学分析。计量资料结果以±s形式表示,多组数据间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用Turkey法。P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
2 结 果
2.1 各组小鼠超声心动图检测结果比较
各组小鼠EF、FS、LVEDV和LVESV比较差异均有显著性(F=7.66~29.30,P<0.05)。两两比较显示,与A组相比,B组小鼠EF和FS显著下降,LVEDV和LVESV则显著升高(P<0.05),提示DOX-HF小鼠造模成功。与B组相比,C组和D组小鼠的EF和FS显著升高,LVEDV和LVESV显著下降并趋近于对照组(P<0.05);C组和D组EF、FS、LVEDV和LVESV差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。
2.2 各组小鼠心肌组织病理学变化
HE染色显示,A组心肌细胞排列规整,未观察到明显异常病理学改变;B组心肌组织结构明显异常,心肌细胞排列紊乱、水肿、空泡化严重;C组和D组心肌细胞排列轻度紊乱,可见少许空泡(图1)。
2.3 各组小鼠心肌纤维化比较
Masson染色結果显示,A组存在极少的胶原沉积,心肌间质纤维化不明显;B组胶原沉积显著增加,表明心肌间质纤维化严重;与B组相比,C组和D组蓝色胶原沉积明显减少(图2)。
2.4 各组小鼠血清NT-proBNP、cTnI、TNF-α和IL-6水平比较
各组小鼠血清NT-proBNP、cTnI、TNF-α和IL-6水平比较差异均有显著性(F=17.54~32.59,P<0.05)。与A组相比,B组NT-proBNP、cTnI、TNF-α和IL-6水平显著升高(P<0.05),C组和D组的IL-6水平显著升高(P<0.05)。与B组比较,C组和D组NT-proBNP、cTnI、TNF-α和IL-6水平显著下降(P<0.05)。见表2。
3 讨 论
HF是由于心脏结构和功能异常导致泵功能失代偿的一种复杂临床综合征[8],已成为一个严重的临床和公共卫生问题[9]。近几十年来,随着肿瘤病人的急剧增加,以DOX为代表的蒽环类药物广泛应用,在癌症治疗过程中对病人产生严重心脏毒性限制了其进一步应用[10-11]。因此,寻求有效防治蒽环类药物引发HF的治疗方法尤为重要。
DG应用始见于《施今墨对药》,是经典的活血化瘀配伍药对,已被证明具有良好的心血管保护作用[12-13]。本研究通过建立DOX-HF小鼠模型探究了DG对DOX-HF的保护作用,超声心动图检测显示,DG可以显著提高DOX-HF小鼠心脏机械功能,相较于低剂量组,高剂量组小鼠的EF和FS有所降低,LVESV和LVEDV有所升高,更趋近于对照组小鼠,但差异无统计学意义,并不能证明DG治疗具有浓度依赖性。心肌细胞肥大、排列紊乱,心肌组织纤维化是HF主要病理表现[14-15]。本研究结果显示,DG能够明显改善心肌细胞排列紊乱和细胞水肿,降低心肌组织纤维化水平。
NT-proBNP和cTnI是典型的HF诊断生物标志物,被广泛用于HF的预测和早期诊断[16-17]。本研究联合检测血清NT-proBNP和cTnI水平,探究DG对DOX-HF的改善作用,结果显示DG可以显著降低血清NT-proBNP和cTnI水平。
炎症反应是DOX引发心脏毒性的主要机制,长期慢性炎症会加速心肌纤维化以及HF进程。TNF-α能够诱导活性氧生成,诱导心肌细胞凋亡;此外,大量的TNF-α通过激活中性神经磷脂酶,介导一氧化氮合成来抑制心肌收缩力[18]。IL-6可以通过刺激GP130-STAT3信号通路促进心肌肥大[19],IL-6还可以促进胶原沉积加速心室重构[20]。本研究发现,DG可以显著降低DOX-HF小鼠的机体炎症反应,提示DG可以通过降低机体炎症反应来改善HF。
综上所述,DG能够降低DOX-HF小鼠模型炎症反应和心肌损伤标志物水平,改善心脏机械功能。本文研究可为抗肿瘤治疗诱发的心脏病的临床治疗提供参考。
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(本文編辑 黄建乡)