白毛藤化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性

2022-12-05 10:49乔曼华张林果
中成药 2022年9期
关键词:二氯甲烷石油醚丙酮

乔曼华, 张林果

(平顶山学院医学院,河南 平顶山 467000)

白毛藤SolanumlyratumThunb.为茄科茄属植物白英的全草[1],在我国大部分地区均有分布,其味甘苦,性寒,具有解毒消痈、清热除痹、祛风利湿的功效,主治疮痈、黄疸、水肿等,化学成分为多糖、黄酮、三萜等[2],具有抗肿瘤、抗菌消炎、抗过敏、提高机体免疫功能等活性[3],对直肠癌、结肠癌、肺癌等均具有明显的抑制活性[4-13]。本实验对白毛藤化学成分及抗肿瘤活性进行研究,以期为该植物后续开发提供参考。

1 材料

AV-600型核磁共振波谱仪(德国 Bruker公司);Triple TOFTM 5600+型高分辨质谱仪(美国 AB SCIEX 公司);ME/XP1500型分析天平(德国Sartorius公司);DHP-9012型 恒温培养箱(上海灯晟仪器制造有限公司);MHFZ-12型真空泵(常州市臣明实验仪器科技有限公司);CO2细胞培养箱(美国 Sigma-Aldrich 公司);酶标仪(美国 Gibco公司);GZP-261-I型旋转蒸发仪(上海笃特科学仪器有限公司)。柱色谱硅胶(青岛海洋化工有限公司);Sephadex LH-20(瑞典Amersham Pharmacia公司)。人肝癌细胞MHCC97、人结肠癌细胞SW620、人卵巢癌细胞COV434、肺鳞癌细胞SK-MES-1(上海生物化学与细胞生物学研究所)。顺铂(齐鲁制药有限公司)。白毛藤采自河南平顶山市,由平顶山学院郑新华教授鉴定为白毛藤SolanumlyratumThunb.的全草。DMSO溶液、胎甲基噻唑蓝(美国Gibco公司);氘代试剂DMSO-d6(德国Sartorius公司);其他试剂均为分析纯。

2 提取与分离

取白毛藤21.8 kg,95%乙醇回流提取2次,每次2 h,得浸膏1.9 kg,分散于水中,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,得石油醚萃取浸膏 (Fr.A)、乙酸乙酯萃取浸膏 (Fr.B)、正丁醇萃取浸膏 (Fr.C)。

取Fr.A 131.5 g,经硅胶柱分离,石油醚-二氯甲烷 (80∶20~50∶50~20∶80)洗脱,得到9个流分Fr.A1~Fr.A9。Fr.A2 (7.3 g)经硅胶柱分离,石油醚-丙酮 (65∶35~35∶65)洗脱,得到6个流分Fr.A2-1~Fr.A2-6,Fr.A2-2 (189.1 mg)经硅胶柱分离,石油醚-乙酸乙酯 (45∶55)洗脱,得化合物1(19 mg)。Fr.A2-4 (152.6 mg)经Sephadex LH-20分离,得化合物7(23 mg);Fr.A2-5 (205.3 mg)经硅胶柱分离,石油醚-二氯甲烷 (25∶75)洗脱,得化合物15(23 mg)。Fr.A5 (8.6 g)经硅胶柱分离,石油醚-乙酸乙酯 (45∶55~25∶75)洗脱,得到8个流分Fr.A5-1~Fr.A5-8,Fr.A5-3 (152.7 mg)经硅胶柱分离,石油醚-丙酮 (35∶65)洗脱,得化合物4(23 mg)。Fr.A8 (7.4 g)经硅胶柱分离,石油醚-丙酮 (65∶35~35∶65)洗脱,得到8个流分Fr.A8-1~Fr.A8-6,Fr.A8-2 (103.9 mg)经硅胶柱分离,石油醚-乙酸乙酯 (35∶65)洗脱,得化合物2(22 mg);Fr.A8-5 (134.6 mg)经Sephadex LH-20分离,得化合物8(26 mg)。

取Fr.B 164.1 g,经硅胶柱分离,二氯甲烷- 丙酮(80∶20~50∶50~20∶80)洗脱,得到9个流分Fr.B1~Fr.B9。Fr.B6 (9.2 g)经硅胶柱分离,二氯甲烷-丙酮 (45∶55~25∶75)洗脱,得到9个流分Fr.B6-1~Fr.B6-9,Fr.B6-2 (134.2 mg)经硅胶柱分离,二氯甲烷-丙酮 (35∶65)洗脱,得化合物3(27 mg);Fr.B6-5 (183.7 mg)经硅胶柱分离,二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯 (35∶65)洗脱,得化合物9(24 mg);Fr.B6-7 (153.2 mg)经Sephadex LH-20分离,得化合物16(25 mg)。Fr.B7 (8.9 g)经硅胶柱分离,二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯 (45∶55~25∶75)洗脱,得到6个流分Fr.B7-1~Fr.B7-6,Fr.B7-3 (161.4 mg)经硅胶柱分离,二氯甲烷-丙酮 (35∶65)洗脱,得化合物6(22 mg);Fr.B7-5 (82.4 mg)经Sephadex LH-20分离,得化合物10(26 mg)。

取Fr.C 128.3 g,经硅胶柱分离,丙酮-甲醇 (80∶20~50∶50~20∶80)洗脱,得8个流分Fr.C1~Fr.C8。Fr.C3 (8.4 g)经硅胶柱分离,乙酸乙酯-甲醇 (65∶35~35∶65)洗脱,得5个流分Fr.C3-1~Fr.A3-5,Fr.C3-1 (174.6 mg)经硅胶柱分离,乙酸乙酯-甲醇 (45∶55)洗脱,得化合物17(21 mg);Fr.C3-3 (119.2 mg)经Sephadex LH-20分离,得化合物5(28 mg)、21(23 mg);Fr.C3-4 (174.6 mg)经硅胶柱分离,乙酸乙酯-甲醇 (25∶75)洗脱,得化合物11(21 mg)。Fr.C5 (9.5 g)经硅胶柱分离,丙酮-甲醇 (65∶35~35∶65)洗脱,得6个流分Fr.C5-1~Fr.A5-6,Fr.C5-1 (191.3 mg)经硅胶柱分离,丙酮-甲醇 (45∶55)洗脱,得化合物19(31 mg);Fr.C5-3 (96.4 mg)经Sephadex LH-20分离,得化合物12(21 mg);Fr.C5-4 (84.2 mg)经Sephadex LH-20分离,得化合物13(20 mg)。Fr.C6 (9.1 g)经硅胶柱分离,乙酸乙酯-甲醇 (65∶35~35∶65)洗脱,得7个流分Fr.C6-1~Fr.A6-7,Fr.C6-2 (152.4 mg)经硅胶柱分离,乙酸乙酯-甲醇 (45∶55)洗脱,得化合物18(29 mg);Fr.C6-4 (131.8 mg)经Sephadex LH-20分离,得化合物20(22 mg);Fr.C6-6 (151.4 mg)经硅胶柱分离,乙酸乙酯-甲醇 (25∶75)洗脱,得化合物14(25 mg)。

3 结构鉴定

化合物1:无色针晶,ESI-MSm/z:615.2[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:4.71 (2H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-30),4.51 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-3),1.13 (3H,s,H-27),1.11 (3H,s,H-26),1.05 (3H,s,H-25),1.02 (3H,s,H-28),0.93 (3H,s,H-23),0.91 (3H,s,H-24),0.85 (3H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-29),0.82 (3H,s,H-16′);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:39.7 (C-1),24.3C-2),79.2 (C-3),39.1 (C-4),56.1 (C-5),18.3 (C-6),34.2 (C-7),41.3 (C-8),50.2 (C-9),36.8 (C-10),20.6 (C-11),24.3 (C-12),39.1 (C-13),45.1 (C-14),26.2 (C-15),39.4 (C-16),36.3 (C-17),48.1 (C-18),39.1 (C-19),154.2 (C-20),26.1 (C-21),41.3 (C-22),28.2 (C-23),18.3 (C-24),16.2 (C-25),17.1 (C-26),15.3 (C-27),27.6 (C-28),20.5 (C-29),106.3 (C-30),174.8 (C-1′),35.1 (C-2′),26.3 (C-3′),30.2(C-4′)。以上数据与文献[14]报道的taraxasteryl palmitate基本一致。

化合物2:无色油状物,ESI-MSm/z:338.7[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:6.09 (1H,m,H-3′),5.81 (1H,s,H-9),2.49~2.41 (2H,m,H-2),2.13 (3H,s,H-13),2.02 (3H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-5′),1.93 (3H,s,H-4′),1.91 (3H,s,H-12),1.03 (3H,s,H-14),0.96 (3H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-15);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:32.8 (C-1),30.4 (C-2),74.1 (C-3),47.3 (C-4),41.5 (C-5),41.2 (C-6),128.1 (C-7),194.1 (C-8),124.8 (C-9),166.5 (C-10),143.6(C-11),21.3(C-12),22.5 (C-13),17.4 (C-14),10.2 (C-15);168.4 (C-1′),127.2 (C-2′),138.3 (C-3′),16.2 (C-4′),20.7 (C-5′)。以上数据与文献[15]报道的 isopetasin基本一致。

化合物3:白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z:439.2[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:7.95 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-4),7.03 (1H,s,H-5),6.83 (2H,s,H-2′,6′),6.51 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-3),5.02 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-7′),4.38(1H,m,H-8′),3.92 (3H,s,6-OCH3),3.87 (6H,s,3′,5′-OCH3),3.65 (1H,s,H-9′a),3.38 (1H,m,H-9′b);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:117.4 (C-1),158.1 (C-2),114.5 (C-3),146.1 (C-4),103.6 (C-5),147.1 (C-6),139.4 (C-7),132.6 (C-8),137.3 (C-9),112.7 (C-10),124.8 (C-1′),106.2 (C-2′),149.6 (C-3′),135.5 (C-4′),149.6 (C-5′),149.6 (C-6′),77.3 (C-7′),78.1 (C-8′),61.7 (C-9′),55.7 (6-OCH3),58.2 (3′-OCH3),58.2 (5′-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[16]报道的黄花菜木脂素 C基本一致。

化合物4:白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z:279.1[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:4.03 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-6),3.24 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-1),1.53 (3H,s,H-15),1.24(1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-5),1.13 (3H,s,H-14),1.02 (3H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-12),0.91 (3H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-13);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:79.1 (C-1),28.2 (C-2),42.5 (C-3),72.1 (C-4),56.3 (C-5),69.1 (C-6),51.7(C-7),19.2 (C-8),37.4 (C-9),42.6 (C-10),26.1 (C-11),21.2 (C-12),16.4(C-13),13.1 (C-14),33.8 (C-15)。以上数据与文献[17]报道的mucrolidin基本一致。

化合物5:黄色油状物,ESI-MSm/z:441.2[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:8.03 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-8,8′),7.49 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-7,7′),4.08 (2H,m,H-11),1.73 (2H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-9,9′),1.31 (13H,m,H-12),0.92 (9H,m,H-14);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:115.4 (C-1),129.2 (C-2),131.2 (C-3),134.5 (C-4),134.5 (C-5),131.2 (C-6),167.8 (C-7),167.8 (C-8),67.9 (C-9),33.6 (C-10),24.3 (C-11),29.5 (C-12),25.7 (C-13),40.3 (C-14),30.2 (C-15),15.2 (C-16),12.8 (C-17),67.9 (C-18),33.6 (C-19),24.3 (C-20),29.5 (C-21),25.7 (C-22),40.3 (C-23),30.2 (C-24),15.2 (C-25),12.8 (C-26)。以上数据与文献[18]报道的邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯基本一致。

化合物6:白 色粉末,ESI-MSm/z:754.4[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:5.41 (1H,m,H-13),5.39 (1H,m,H-7,7′,7′),4.34 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-2),4.31 (1H,ddd,J=9.6,8.2,2.2 Hz,H-9,9′,9″),4.15 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-3,3′),3.91 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-16,16′),3.61 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-11,11′),0.91 (1H,t,J=8.2 Hz,H-8),0.82 (1H,t,J=8.2 Hz,H-12);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:70.1 (C-1),52.3 (C-2),77.3 (C-3),73.1 (C-4),33.1 (C-5),31.4 (C-6),31.2 (C-7),31.7 (C-8),31.7 (C-9),31.4 (C-10),31.9 (C-11),72.6 (C-12),31.2 (C-13),30.2 (C-14),30.5 (C-15),32.8 (C-16),24.1 (C-17),15.3 (C-18),176.8 (C-1″),36.3 (C-2″),25.8 (C-3″),31.2(C-4″),31.2 (C-5″),31.2 (C-6″),31.2 (C-7″),28.4 (C-8″),130.7 (C-9″),130.2 (C-10″),25.8 (C-11″),31.2 (C-12″),31.2 (C-13″),32.8 (C-14″),24.1 (C-15″),15.3 (C-16″)。以上数据与文献[18]报道的bonaroside基本一致。

化合物7:白色油状物,ESI-MSm/z:340.3[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:5.37 (1H,td,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-14),4.23 (2H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-15),2.04 (2H,m,H-12),1.85 (3H,s,H-20),0.97 (3H,s,H-16),0.91 (9H,m,H-17,18,19);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:35.2 (C-1),40.8 (C-2),23.7 (C-3),36.8 (C-4),27.5 (C-5),33.1 (C-6),23.1 (C-7),39.3 (C-8),30.4 (C-9),38.1 (C-10),24.9 (C-11),40.5 (C-12),139.7 (C-13),124.8 (C-14),60.3 (C-15),21.8 (C-16),21.8 (C-17),20.3 (C-18),20.3 (C-19),17.1 (C-20)。以上数据与文献[19]报道的cassipourol基本一致。

化合物8:白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z:453.2[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:5.26 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-23),5.09 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-22),4.69 (1H,m,H-3),4.28 (1H,brs,H-6),1.61 (3H,s,H-19),1.13 (3H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-21),1.02 (3H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-28),0.93 (3H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-27),0.89 (3H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-26),0.71 (3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:31.4 (C-1),34.2 (C-2),68.1 (C-3),42.3 (C-4),77.5 (C-5),73.8 (C-6),119.4 (C-7),142.6 (C-8),44.1 (C-9),37.6 (C-10),21.8 (C-11),40.2(C-12),44.3 (C-13),54.8 (C-14),25.1 (C-15),29.5 (C-16),55.8 (C-17),13.2 (C-18),19.1 (C-19),41.6 (C-20),22.5 (C-21),135.3 (C-22),133.6 (C-23),42.5 (C-24),32.7 (C-25),20.6 (C-26),21.4 (C-27),19.2 (C-28)。以上数据与文献[20]报道的cerevisterol基本一致。

化合物9:白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z:279.0[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:8.04 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-8),7.83 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-2),7.64 (2H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-2′,6′),7.58 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-1),6.91 (2H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.37 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-7),6.31 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-5);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:121.3 (C-1),148.2 (C-2),194.5 (C-3),165.3 (C-4),104.1 (C-5),168.2 (C-6),110.3 (C-7),132.9 (C-8),115.3 (C-9),128.6 (C-1′),132.4 (C-2′),116.2 (C-3′),162.4 (C-4′),116.2 (C-5′),132.4 (C-6′)。以上数据与文献[21]报道的2,4,4′-三羟基查耳酮基本一致。

化合物10:白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z:311.2[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:6.51 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-4′),6.29 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-2′,6′),5.53 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-8),5.49 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-6),5.37 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-2),3.31 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-3a),3.02 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-3b);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:124.6 (C-1),79.3 (C-2),39.7 (C-3),198.2 (C-4),167.2 (C-5),96.5 (C-6),169.2 (C-7),97.1 (C-8),163.5 (C-9),102.5 (C-10),120.3 (C-1′),116.9 (C-2′),147.6 (C-3′),130.6 (C-4′),148.2 (C-5′),116.9 (C-6′)。以上数据与文献[22]报道的5,7,3′,5′-三羟基二氢黄酮基本一致。

化合物11:白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z:217.1[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:7.48 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-8),7.12 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-2),7.01 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-6),6.69 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-5),6.31 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-7),3.81 (3H,s,10-OCH3);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:128.1 (C-1),114.6 (C-2),148.2 (C-3),150.3 (C-4),117.6 (C-5),123.1 (C-6),147.2 (C-7),115.1 (C-8),170.1 (C-9),51.3 (10-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[23]报道的咖啡酸甲酯基本一致。

化合物12:淡黄色粉末,ESI-MSm/z:203.2[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:7.61 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-7),7.15 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-2),7.03 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-6),6.84 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-5),6.17 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-8);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:128.1 (C-1),116.4 (C-2),147.3 (C-3),150.2 (C-4),117.4 (C-5),123.9 (C-6),146.5 (C-7),114.7 (C-8),170.6 (C-9)。以上数据与文献[24]报道的咖啡酸基本一致。

化合物13:白色针晶,ESI-MSm/z:231.1[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:7.61 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-7),7.03 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-6),6.91 (1H,d,J=8.2Hz,H-2),6.68 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-5),6.19 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-8),4.16 (2H,q,J=8.2 Hz,H-10),1.32 (3H,t,J=8.2 Hz,H-11);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:122.8 (C-1),114.6 (C-2),147.1 (C-3),150.3 (C-4),117.1 (C-5),129.2 (C-6),147.4 (C-7),114.1 (C-8),170.3 (C-9),62.6 (C-10),15.3 (C-11)。以上数据与文献[25]报道的咖啡酸乙酯基本一致。

化合物14:黄色晶体,ESI-MSm/z:293.2[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:8.03 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-8),7.46 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-7),7.09 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-5),7.02 (1H,s,H-4),2.53 (3H,s,2-CH3);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:163.4 (C-1),116.5 (C-2),164.1 (C-3),106.8 (C-4),134.6 (C-4a),113.2 (C-5),164.1 (C-6),120.9 (C-7),131.4 (C-8),127.9 (C-8a),184.2 (C-9),107.5 (C-9a),182.6 (C-10),132.4 (C-10a),59.3 (2-CH3)。以上数据与文献[26]报道的6-hydroxyrubiadin基本一致。

化合物15:无色针晶,ESI-MSm/z:503.1[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:5.91 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-7),4.05 (1H,brs,H-3),3.91 (1H,dt,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-2),3.63~3.57 (1H,m,H-24),3.51~3.48 (1H,m,H-22),3.08 (1H,m,H-9),1.17 (3H,s,H-21),1.02 (3H,s,H-19),0.97 (3H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-27),0.86 (3H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-26),0.84 (3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:36.2 (C-1),69.1 (C-2),68.4 (C-3),31.6 (C-4),52.6 (C-5),205.6 (C-6),120.5 (C-7),168.2 (C-8),36.1 (C-9),40.3 (C-10),20.8 (C-11),33.2 (C-12),49.1 (C-13),84.3 (C-14),30.4 (C-15),22.6 (C-16),49.2 (C-17),19.4 (C-18),25.3 (C-19),78.2 (C-20),21.3 (C-21),76.4 (C-22),36.5 (C-23),76.2 (C-24),33.7 (C-25),17.5 (C-26),20.5 (C-27)。以上数据与文献[27]报道的pterosterone基本一致。

化合物16:白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z:510.9[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:5.28 (1H,brs,H-12),4.02 (1H,brd,J=8.2 Hz,H-3),3.71 (1H,m,H-2),2.48 (1H,s,H-18),1.37 (3H,s,H-27),1.22 (3H,s,H-29),1.07 (3H,s,H-25),1.05 (3H,s,H-23),0.87 (3H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-30),0.85 (3H,s,H-26),0.81 (3H,s,H-24);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:48.2 (C-1),70.1 (C-2),83.8 (C-3),39.7(C-4),57.1 (C-5),20.4 (C-6),34.1 (C-7),39.5 (C-8),47.3 (C-9),38.6 (C-10),24.5 (C-11),126.4 (C-12),139.7 (C-13),43.6 (C-14),30.5 (C-15),28.7 (C-16),45.6 (C-17),44.2 (C-18),81.9 (C-19),33.7 (C-20),30.6 (C-21),35.8 (C-22),29.1 (C-23),18.3 (C-24),17.2 (C-25),18.1 (C-26),25.6 (C-27),181.9 (C-28),29.2 (C-29),27.4 (C-30)。以上数据与文献[28]报道的arjunic acid基本一致。

化合物17:黑色油状物,ESI-MSm/z:365.3[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:6.91 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-9),6.72 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-8),6.46 (1H,s,H-3),3.85 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-15),3.82 (3H,s,2-OCH3),3.57 (3H,s,10-OCH3),3.46 (1H,br d,J=8.2 Hz,H-1),3.29 (3H,s,N-CH3),2.86 (3H,s,N-CH3),2.63 (1H,m,H-4),2.52 (2H,brt,J=8.2 Hz,H-7);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:147.4 (C-1),151.9 (C-2),107.5 (C-3),123.6 (C-3a),25.6 (C-4),63.9 (C-5),125.8 (C-6),32.5 (C-7),119.6 (C-8),110.8 (C-9),150.7 (C-10),148.2 (C-11),123.4 (C-12),117.6 (C-13),120.6 (C-14),70.8 (C-15),57.2 (2-OCH3),55.7 (10-OCH3),53.7 (N-CH3),44.5 (N-CH3)。以上数据与文献[29]报道的magnoflorine基本一致。

化合物18:白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z:410.8[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:7.02 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-2′),6.75 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-6′),6.71 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-5′),6.49 (2H,brs,H-2,6),4.65 (2H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-7,7′),4.31 (2H,m,H-9a,9′a),3.91 (2H,overlap,H-9b,9′b),3.76 (3H,s,3′-OCH3),3.72 (6H,s,3,5-OCH3),3.09 (1H,m,H-8,8′);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:132.5 (C-1),103.2 (C-2),150.4 (C-3),135.2 (C-4),150.3 (C-5),103.2 (C-6),86.4 (C-7),54.1 (C-8),73.5 (C-9),134.1 (C-1′),108.2 (C-2′),148.4 (C-3′),146.7 (C-4′),115.3 (C-5′),119.4 (C-6′),88.1 (C-7′),54.6 (C-8′),73.8 (C-9′),57.2 (3-OCH3),57.2 (5-OCH3),55.2 (3′-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[30]报道的medioresinol基本一致。

化合物19:白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z:273.1[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:7.08 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-5),6.91 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-8),6.84 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-9),4.71 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-3),4.64 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-1a),4.43 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-1b),4.31 (1H,t,J=2.2 Hz,H-1′a),3.95 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-1′b),3.76 (3H,s,6-OCH3),3.61 (1H,td,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-2′),3.16 (1H,m,H-2);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:72.3 (C-1),50.3 (C-2),88.2(C-3),131.9 (C-4),109.4 (C-5),150.1 (C-6),148.3 (C-7),115.3 (C-8),119.4 (C-9),71.3 (C-1′),48.1 (C-2′),180.5 (C-3′),55.7 (6-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[31]报道的salicifoliol基本一致。

化合物20:黄色粉末,ESI-MSm/z:279.3[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:12.08 (1H,s,H-5),9.71 (1H,s,H-7),6.08 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-8),5.67 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-6),5.47 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-2),3.36 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-3a),2.91 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-3b);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:76.5 (C-1),80.2 (C-2),44.1 (C-3),194.2 (C-4),162.7 (C-5),94.8 (C-6),167.3 (C-7),97.3 (C-8),163.4 (C-9),99.6 (C-10),139.2 (C- 1′),126.4 (C-2′),130.2 (C-3′),128.2 (C- 4′),130.2 (C-5′),126.4 (C-6′)。以上数据与文献[32]报道的pinocembrin基本一致。

化合物21:白色结晶,ESI-MSm/z:273.1[M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:5.16 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-7),5.03 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-8),4.87 (1H,m,H-4),4.57 (1H,m,H-6),4.25 (1H,m,H-5),4.06 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-6),2.91 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-3a),2.65 (1H,m,H-3b);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:131.4 (C-1),175.8 (C-2),37.6 (C-3),77.6(C-4),90.2 (C-5),75.1 (C-6),89.2 (C-7),71.6 (C-8),144.2 (C-1′),128.3 (C-2′),127.4 (C-3′),129.1 (C-4′),127.4 (C-5′),128.3 (C-6′)。以上数据与文献[32]报道的goniofufurone基本一致。

4 抗肿瘤活性研究

采用MTT法,以顺铂为阳性对照[33]。将对数生长期的培养基稀释成密度为6×104/mL的单细胞混悬液,每孔100 μL接种于96孔板中,在37 ℃、5%CO2恒温培养箱中孵育36 h,加入各化合物(150 μmol/L)、顺铂,设置6个复孔,孵育72 h,每孔加入10 μL MTT进行染色,孵育6 h后移弃上层培养液,每孔依次加入100 μL DMSO溶液,振荡5 min,在酶联免疫检测仪上检测,计算IC50,结果见表1。由此可知,化合物2、15对MHCC97、SW620细胞,化合物4对SK-MES-1细胞,化合物7对MHCC97、SW620、COV434、SK-MES-1细胞,化合物19对MHCC97、SW620、COV434细胞均有抑制活性,其中化合物7对MHCC97、SW620细胞,化合物19对COV434细胞的作用优于顺铂(P<0.05)。

表1 不同化合物抗肿瘤活性

5 结论

本实验从白毛藤95%乙醇提取物中鉴定出21 个化合物,均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物1、4、6、7、8、12、18、20为首次从该属植物中发现,2、4、7、15、19对肿瘤细胞具有不同程度的体外抑制活性,而且7对MHCC97、SW620细胞,19对COV434细胞的抑制效果优于顺铂。上述结果扩充了白毛藤化学成分库,也为相关抗肿瘤药物筛选提供参考。

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