王博文
昨夜品讀汪曾祺老先生的《人间至味》,其中描写的豆腐可谓是写到我心坎儿里去了。若问我汪老这么多篇美食佳作,为何对这一篇印象深刻?大抵是源于我对豆腐的偏爱。
童年时候的我是个十足的肉食主义者,无肉不欢,对豆腐一类的素食并没有太大的兴趣。那时离家不远的金东市场新开了一家豆腐铺子。据说他家的豆腐格外好吃。豆腐铺老板是个俊朗的瘦高男子,待人彬彬有礼,卖豆腐从不缺斤短两,因此也就打出了名声,每天去买豆腐的人也是络绎不绝。父亲带我去市场买豆腐,常会对我打趣道:“要想变成像豆腐铺老板一样的俊小伙儿,就得多吃豆腐哩!”
说者无心听者有意,豆腐在我浅浅的认知中俨然成了可以使我“貌比潘安”的灵丹妙药。望着餐桌上还冒着热乎气儿的白色“立方体”,竟难得涌起了强烈的食欲。夹起一块儿放入嘴中,口感先是出奇的软糯柔滑,一股豆香在口中炸开,随即顺着味蕾在口腔里四散奔走,在舌尖与唇齿留下无尽的甜鲜!个中滋味入心入脑,令人回味无穷!自那以后,豆腐便成了我的挚爱,虽然“貌比潘安”的愿望并没实现,但也幸亏父亲的玩笑让我与豆腐结下不解之缘。
豆腐不仅口味喜人,更有着深厚的文化底蕴。豆腐之起源,相传始于西汉淮南王刘安。刘安是一名炼丹家,在一次炼丹过程中误将豆浆与石膏混在了一起,形成了最初的豆腐。后经推广,各地在原有基础上对豆腐制法与味道进行不断改良,最终形成了像安徽八公山豆腐、四川罗泉豆腐、陕西榆林豆腐、云南石屏豆腐等异彩纷呈的豆腐文化。
豆腐极具浪漫主义色彩,从“碾出一团真白玉,将归回向未来人”,到“出匣宁愁方璧碎,忧羹常见白云飞”,再到“一轮磨上流琼液,百沸汤中滚雪花”。自古以来,文人雅客的情调便在豆腐上得以深层表达与延伸。也正因如此,白花花的豆腐也便有了“文学骨”。吃豆腐不是大碗喝酒的豪情,而是细品之下别具一格的风雅。
豆腐是饮食界的“交际花”,任你酸甜苦辣,随你煎炸蒸煮,皆不惧怕。但吃豆腐得讲究个时令情景,什么季节什么场合怎么吃都有说法。就好比三伏艳阳天,用小香葱拌个“一清二白”(小葱拌豆腐)。三九寒天,用辣椒和肉末蒜苗炒盘“麻婆豆腐”。在家耍懒不爱开火,干脆啥佐料也不加,直接用豆腐蘸着味极鲜和芥末调的酱汁大快朵颐。逢年过节,就着粉条子和五花肉炖锅“东北大菜”。从市井老巷的“油炸臭豆腐”到国宴上堪比“佛跳墙”的“文思豆腐”,老百姓将豆腐吃出了花样儿,更是吃出了名堂。
我有时想,若是把豆腐拟人化,那他绝对算得上是个刚正清廉的真君子。就好比说,你无论用刀横切还是竖切,它始终能保持方方正正,至少也能做到有棱有角,很少见到有人能将豆腐切成圆弧状的。再者,常规烹饪下的豆腐,可能外表颜色会发生变化,但豆腐里面却始终是白的。“粉身碎骨浑不怕,要留清白在人间”。《石灰吟》吟的是于谦的凛然正气,而此时用以表达我心中的“豆腐精神”也是再合适不过的了。
豆腐作为千百年来中华餐桌上的饮食符号,早已超越了食材的字面境界,形成了一种文化、一类文明。正所谓“美食者不必是饕餮客”,味蕾的艺术有时还真不一定建立于饮食的稀有度与珍贵度之上,而是体现于历史的传承与自然的选择中,大俗即大雅。对于美食的选择,十个人眼里有十个哈姆雷特。对我而言,一盘豆腐便足以守护我心中的人间烟火。
Last night I read Mr. Wang Zengqi’s book titled Best Tastes in the World, which description of Tofu really touched my heart. If you ask me why I have a deep impression of it among all the articles about food, it might stem from my preference to Tofu.
In my childhood I was a pure meatarian who only enjoyed eating meat and had much less interest in such vegetarian food as Tofu. At that time a Tofu store was open in Jindong Market in our vicinity. Allegedly, their Tofu was especially delicious. The owner of the store was a thin, tall and handsome man who treated others politely and never gave short measure in his sale. Hence, he became well known and a constant stream of customers went to buy his Tofu every day. My father often joked when he took me to buy Tofu in the market: “You have got to eat more Tofu if you want to become a handsome guy like the owner of the Tofu store.”