沈雪梅
There be句型的结构为:There be+主语+地点状语,表示某地(某处)有(存在)某人或某物。There be句型中的there是句子的引导词,不作任何句子成分,也不用翻译出;当be动词是is或was形式时,其主语是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词,当be动词是are或were形式时,其主语是可数名词的复数形式。
考点1:be动词的人称和数
There be句型中的主语为人或物时,be动词与人或物的人称和数保持一致;当主语是由多个主语并列在一起构成时,be动词适用“就近一致”原则,即be动词应与离其最近的主语的人称和数保持一致。
例1:There is a teacher, 30 students and many books in our classroom.
解析:a teacher,30 students,many books 是主语,在句子中与be动词最接近的是a teacher,故be动词的人称和数应与a teacher的人称和数保持一致。
例2:In any case, there are still many problems to pay attention to, such as how to maintain good order and how to satisfy more people.
解析:many problems离be动词最近,古攵be动词应用复数形式。
考点2:There be句型中的动词
在这个句型中动词除了可以用be动词外,还可以用某些不及物动词作为句子的谓语动词。比如,可用stand,lie,remain,live等表存在状态的不及物动词;可用come,rise,follow,arrive, appear 等描述某人或某物运动、到达或某事发生等的不及物动词。结构为:There lie/remain...+主语+地点状语。
例3:In a picture on the left there________(stand/stands)apple trees full of fruit on both sides of the road.
解析:stand。根据谓语动词的人称和数适用“就近一致”原则可知,stand的人称和数应与trees保持一致,古攵本空填stand。
考点3:情态动词在该句型中的应用
此句型中的谓语动词可以是“情态动词+动词”形式构成,常见的结构有There must be...意为“肯定有……”;There can't be...意为“不可能有……”;There should be/ought to...意为“应该有……”;There might/may be...意为“可能有……”;There must have been...意为“一定已经有过……”;There may have been...意为“可能已经有过……”;There used to be...意为“曾经有……”等。
例4:Thomson studies so hard, there ________(must/can't) be an unknown reason to inspire him.
解析:must。根据前后句的意思及存在的逻辑关系,可知本空应填must,表示“肯定”的意思。
考点4:There be句型中的时态
There be句型中可以有多种时态,比如有There is (are)...;There was(were)...;There had been...;There has (have)been...;There be going to/will be...;There+过去时...等。
例5:There ________(happen/happened) to be Tom's parents and his mother's uncle in the milk tea shop yesterday.
解析:happened。根据句子中的时间状语yesterday可知本空应填一般过去式。
考点5:There is+no+名词+(in)doing/to do结构
常见的结构有There is no good/sense/use/point/harm/+(in)doing sth.意为“做……没有好处/毫无道理/毫无用处/没有意义/没有坏处;There is no need to do sth.意为“没必要做某事”。
例6:Old Jack is a very stubborn man, there is no use reasoning with him.
解析:逗号后面的句子应用了there is+no+名词+(in)doing/to do结构。
There be句型是高中生必须要掌握的重要语法结构。因此,教师引导高中生熟練掌握There be句型的用法是非常重要的。