顾伊静
在英语表达中,为了使语言简洁明了、重点突出或上下文紧密相连,省去某些句子成分,但又保持句子原意不变,这种语言现象称之为“省略”。省略句也是近年来各类考试中常见的考查内容之一。在不破坏句子结构和不引起歧义的基础上,为了使句子更简洁,能省略的地方可尽量省略。
【考点一】动词不定式中to的省略
A. 在hear,see,watch,notice,feel,find等感官动词和make,have,let等使役动词后面,应跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。若这些使役动词为被动形式,则其后充当宾语补足语的动词不定式应带to。如:
1. The child is crying. Please do something to make him .
A. stop to cry B. stop crying C. to stop crying
2. I saw Tom his key in the lock,turn it and open the door.
A. put B. putting C. puts D. to put
B. would rather,had better,rather than等后面应该跟不带to的动词不定式。如:
3. — Do you prefer basketball with me?
— No,Id rather at home and watch TV.
A. play;stay B. to play;to stay
C. play;to stay D. to play;stay
C. “Why not + 动词原形 + 其他”相当于“Why dont you + 动词原形 + 其他”,意思是“为什么不……”。如:
4. It is raining outside. Why not an umbrella?
A. to take B. take C. taking
5. — I feel upset because I am too heavy.
— do more exercise to lose some weight?
A. Why dont B. Why not C. Why not to
6. Why notyour friends for help when you are in trouble.
A. ask B. to ask C. asks D. asking
【考點二】动词不定式后动词的省略
动词 like,love,want,hope,wish,seem,hate,expect,try,prefer等和be glad / pleased / delighted / happy等后面接动词不定式时,为避免重复,常省略与上文相同的动词,只保留to。如:
7. — Would you like to play basketball with us this afternoon?
— ,but my mother is ill.
A. I dont care B. Id love to C. Of course D. My pleasure
8. — Would you like to come dinner tomorrow evening?
— .
A. Yes,its true B. You really do
C. Its upstairs D. Yes,Id love to
9. — Will you please take a message for the headmaster ?
— .
A. It doesnt matter B. Sure. Ill be glad to
C. Yes,Ill take D. I can help you
【考点三】用be动词、情态动词或助动词的替代省略
在一般疑问句和反意疑问句的简略答语中,常用be动词、情态动词或助动词(do / did / have等)替代要重复的动词及它们后面的相关宾语、表语、状语或其他成分。如:
10. — May I take the dog with me,sir?
— . Pets are not allowed to enter the hall.
A. Yes, you may B. No,you mustnt
C. Yes,you can D. No,you neednt
11. — Is there any outdoor learning in your school?
— . We learn outdoors once or twice every month.
A. Yes,there is B. No,there isnt
C. Yes,it is D. No,it isnt
12. — Could you go to the new movie with me now.
— Sorry, I . Look,its time for me to watch The Reader on CCTV.
A. cant B. can C. neednt D. must
13. — Jim is never late for school, ?
— No,he is used to getting to school early.
A. has he B. is he C. hasnt he D. isnt he
14. — Your father went to park yesterday, ?
— Yes,he did.
A. didnt he B. doesnt he C. does he
【考点四】用替代詞so、not的替代省略
有时,为了避免重复前文中所说的内容,常用替代词so或not 。在省略句中,so或not常与expect,fear,guess, suppose, think,do, believe,Im afraid 等连用。表示肯定时,上述动词多与so搭配;表示否定时,hope,guess及Im afraid等只用 I hope not, I guess not,Im afraid not等形式,而think,believe,suppose等可用 I think / believe / suppose not 或 I dont think / believe / suppose so两种否定形式。如:
15. — Only those who have a lot in common can get along well.
— . Opposites sometimes attract.
A. I hope so B. I think so
C. I dont care D. I dont think so
16. — Your brother is taller than you.
— .
A. It doesnt matter B. I think so
C. I hope so D. Id love to
17. — The radio says it will rain next Sunday.
— . Were going for a picnic that day.
A. I hope it will B. Im afraid not
C. I dont think so D. I hope not
18. — Our basketball team will beat theirs and win the match.
— . Your team is the best in our city.
A. Im afraid not B. I believe so
C. Of course not D. Well done
【參考答案】 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. B
11. A 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. D 18. B
(作者单位:苏州工业园区星澜学校)