老吾老以及人之老

罗丽雯

2022年新高考全國Ⅰ卷阅读C篇，选取英国伦敦养老院关爱老人的研究项目的语篇。文章内容大致可以分为三个部分，包含了实施该项目的目的（1-2段），实施该项目的好处（3-5段），该项目在全国的实施情况及负责人的看法（6-8段）。

考查的具体题目如下：

The elderly residents（居民）in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.

The project was dreamed up by a local charity（慈善组织）to reduce loneliness and improve elderly peoples wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia， a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.

Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said：“I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.

“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see theyve gone to bed.

“Its good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. Im enjoying the creative activities， and it feels great to have done something useful.”

There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East， and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.

Wendy Wilson， extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street， one of the first to embark on the project， said：“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”

Lynn Lewis， director of Notting Hill Pathways， said：“We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”

28. What is the purpose of the project？

A. To ensure harmony in care homes.

B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.

C. To raise money for medical research.

D. To promote the elderly peoples welfare.

29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier？

A. She has learned new life skills.

B. She has gained a sense of achievement.

C. She has recovered her memory.

D. She has developed a strong personality.

30. What do the underlined words“embark on”mean in paragraph 7？

A. Improve.  B. Oppose.  C. Begin.  D. Evaluate.

31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs？

A. It is well received.   B. It needs to be more creative.

C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.

分析

第28題，为细节考查题，考查了项目的目的，从第二段第一句“The project was dreamed up by a local charity（慈善组织）to reduce loneliness and improve elderly peoples wellbeing.”可知，当地慈善组织是为了减少老年人的孤独感和提升他们的福祉，同义转换为D. To promote the elderly peoples welfare.

第29题，为细节考查题，考查该项目对Ruth Xavier的影响（该项目的好处），从第5段Ruth Xavier所说的话“Its good to have a different focus. ... Im enjoying the creative activities， and it feels great to have done something useful.”可知，她在养鸡的过程中，感觉到自己做了有用的事，同义转换为B. She has gained a sense of achievement.（有成就感）

第30题，问划线词embark on的意思，根据所在句子 one of the first to embark on the project，said，“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions...”（其中一位首次……该项目的人，认为这个项目受到居民的欢迎），排除选项B. Oppose（反对），再利用“We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”项目经理希望该项目能给老人家带来好处和欢乐，确定答案为C. Begin（开启，开创），而不是A. Improve（改善）或D. Evaluate.（评估）

第31题，推理题，从最后两段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. ...”可知该项目很受欢迎，答案为A. It is well received.

通过在养老院开创养鸡项目，让老年人转移焦点，减少孤独感的同时，又获得成就感，这体现了对老年人的人文关怀。无独有偶，2017年全国Ⅲ卷中的阅读D篇，Newcastle University的研究团队，致力于研究老年司机所面临的问题，并研发适合老年人驾驶的汽车。

文章内容大致可以分为三部分，首先也是点出该研究项目的目的（1-2段），接着说明能独立驾驶对老年的好处（3-4段），最后是研发人员对项目前景的期待（5-8段）。所考查的具体题目如下：

The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named“DriveLAB”in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.

Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people， leading to them becoming more isolated（隔绝）and inactive.

Led by Professor Phil Blythe， the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.

These include custom-made navigation（导航）tools， night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains：“For many older people， particularly those living alone or in the country， driving is important for preserving their independence， giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”

“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”

Dr Amy Guo， the leading researcher on the older driver study， explains，“The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.

“For example， most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly， we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. Were looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.

“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions（解决方案）to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”

32. What is the purpose of the Drive LAB？

A. To explore new means of transport.

B. To design new types of cars.

C. To find out older driver`s problems.

D. To teach people traffic rules.

33. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe？

A. It keeps them independent.

B. It helps them save time.

C. It builds up their strength.

D. It cures their mental illnesses.

34. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers？

A. Improve their driving skills.

B. Develop driver-assist technologies.

C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.

D. Organize regular physical checkups.

35. What is the best title for the text？

A. A new Model Electric Car

B. A Solution to Traffic Problem

C. Driving Service for elders

D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road

分析

第32题，细节理解题，本题问Drive LAB的目的，由第一段的“in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.”（了解老年司机所面临的挑战和找出他们主要压力）可知答案为C. To find out older drivers problems.

第33题，细节理解题，本题问根据 Phil Blythe的看法，为何开车对老年人来说很重要。由第4段Phil Blythe explains： “For many older people， particularly those living alone or in the country， driving is important for preserving their independence， giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”，（对大多数老年人来说，开车能保持他们的独立，使他们能自由出行，而不用依赖其他人）可知，答案为A. It keeps them independent.

第34题，细节理解题，本题问研究者希望为老年司机做什么，由最后一段“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions（解决方案）to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”（希望能利用技术，确保老年司机开车时保持安全），可知答案为B. Develop driver-assist technologies.

第35题，主旨大意题，寻找最佳标题。文章是关于The Intelligent Transport team为老年人成立研究项目，讲述了研发目的、项目的好处——让老年人能独立驾驶，自由出行，保持他们的独立，对他们的身、心健康都有好处，可知答案为D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road

小结

1. 两篇文章大致都可以分为三个部分，即：做该项目/研究的目的、好处，负责人的看法。而每部分的大意正是出题的切入点;

2. 从题目设置来看，两篇都考查了项目的目的，而答案都在前两段，答案点以“to do”不定式的形式出现。另外，都考查了实施该项目对老年人的好处：或是为了减少孤独，获得成就感，或是让他们保持独立，两者都是对老年人福祉的关注;

3. 相似却也有不同之处，都考查項目负责人的看法。2022年考查的是由负责人的话语中推断出人们对项目的态度，2017年考查的是负责人对项目未来的期待;

4. 两篇文章都体现了关注老年人：关心他们的身心健康，让老年人有尊严地生活，这些都是对老人家的人文关怀。只有当我们每个人都有“温度”，我们的社会才能更有“厚度”，才会更和谐。

责任编辑 蒋小青