许佩扬
在读后续写的心理描写中,恰当运用虚拟语气,可以委婉地表达主人公的某种情感,使人物形象更生动,增强文章的可读性。下面就让我们来体验一下虚拟语气运用在读后续写中的效果吧!
一、表达纠结的心情,可用if sb..., sb... .
[例1]2021河北张家口第一次质检题
If I shouldnt go back on time, the king would kill my friend. If I hadnt fallen from the horse and got hurt, I would have got to the destination on time. 要是我不准时回去,国王会杀了我的朋友。如果我没有从马上摔下来并受了伤,我也早就按时到达目的地了。
说明:主人公向国王承诺准时回去,若违背诺言,国王会杀死主人公的朋友。但因为主人公从马上摔下来,受伤了,这一路就耽搁了时间。这时就需要虚拟语气来做出非真实的假设了,表达了主人公矛盾的情感纠结。
以上两个虚拟条件句,前者表示与将来情况相反的假设,后者表示与过去情况相反的假设。
[仿写一]
1. 如果我早一点出发,我就不会错过公共汽车了。
2. 如果我现在步行上学,公共汽车有可能在几分钟之后就到达。
3. 如果在救生船上有多一个位置,我老婆就可以生还于这次灾难。
二、表示感激之情,可用Without/But for...
[例2]2021广州七校联考题
Without /But for moms encouragement, I wouldnt have become a successful narrator in the competition. 如果没有妈妈的鼓励,在比赛中我不可能成为一个成功的讲解员。
说明:经过学校的故事大赛,我意识到什么角色都有其优点和重要性。后来,我一直继续做好讲解员的角色,层层突破,在地区小有名气。这时用虚拟语气来表达对妈妈的感激之情。
[例3]2021河北唐山一中期中试题
Without/ But for the help from my family and teachers, I wouldnt have realized my mistakes and changed my attitude towards competitions. 要不是家人和老师的帮助,我是不可能意识到我的错误,并且改变我对比赛的态度。
说明:我经常是学校演讲比赛的冠军,这也导致了我对镇里比赛的轻视和骄傲。没有做好充分準备,我以失败告终。这对我打击很大,经过家人和老师的帮助,我认识了自己的错误,重拾信心,最终还是成功了。这时用虚拟语气来表达对家人和老师的感激之情。
[仿写二]
1. 如果没有这样一位爱心满满,但是有点心不在焉且健忘的妈妈,我们就不会拥有一个有趣的幸福的童年。
2. 如果没有比赛的公正,Timmy就不可能赢得三等奖,并且获得了他盼望已久的一双鞋。
3. 若不是Ronny的及时帮助,Henry就不可能活下来并且消除了对Ronny的误会。
三、表示强列的愿望,可用If only...
[例4]2021届浙江慈溪中学模拟题
If only I had been the 3rd runner who had got to the finish line.要是我是第3位到达终点线的跑步者该多好啊!
说明:我摔倒后继续往前跑,到达终点线,发现自己与第三名擦肩而过,不能获得我心仪的奖品。这时用虚拟语气来表达与过去事实相反的情况,强调愿望。
[例5]2021届浙江慈溪中学模拟题
If only I hadnt been knocked down by him. 要是我没被他撞倒该多好啊!
说明:我错失第三名,是因为我中途被撞倒。这时用虚拟语气来表达与过去事实相反的强烈愿望。
[仿写三]
1. 他后悔莫及,要是他当时坚持再等多两分钟该多好啊!
2. 要是我们那天待在家里,而没有把车开到这么一个危险的地方该多好呀!
3. 要是我们记住了Paul叔叔所说的,并且努力跟随着我们留下的足迹该多好呀!
四、表示后悔或遗憾
1. 可用How sb wished that ... had(not)done sth
[例6]2021山东泰安期中试题
How Timmy wished that he hadnt been so rude to his coach. Timmy多么希望之前没有那么粗鲁的对待教练啊!
说明:Timmy一直是球队的主力,不愿把球传给别人。他不仅不听教练的劝导,而且由于态度恶劣,被取消参加区里比赛的资格。他同妈妈交流后,意识到以前自己的错误。这时就需要虚拟语气来表达他后悔的情感。
[例7]2021广东名校联考题
How he wished that his wife had lived to see their daughter had grown up. 他多么希望老婆活下来看看女儿已经长大了。
说明:主人公夫妻俩乘船途中,发生意外,救生艇只剩下一个座位,老婆让给了丈夫,因为她身患绝症,要丈夫活下来养育女儿。最后丈夫经历了无数挑战后,履行对老婆的诺言,把女儿养育成人。这时需要用虚拟语气来表达遗憾。gzslib2022040323042. 可用sb.+谓语, wishing that...
[例8]2021届浙江慈溪中学模拟题
He stood there, quite frightened, wishing that he hadnt broken the rules. 他站在那里,害怕极了,真希望自己没有违规。
说明:我参加了镇里的赛跑,目的是要夺取第三名,可以赢得一双鞋作为礼物送给妹妹。结果由于我被撞倒,只获得了第四名。因第三名违规,被评委取消,我获得了盼望已久的奖品。这时就需要用虚拟语气来表达对方的后悔。
[例9]2021广州七校联考题
I was rooted on the ground due to being frightened, wishing that I had refused my mothers advice yesterday. 我由于恐惧愣在那里,真希望我昨天拒绝妈妈的建议。
说明:我一直不接受自己做故事的讲解员这个角色,但在妈妈的劝导下,我还是参加了学校的故事大赛。中途出现了情感的纠结,后悔参加了比赛。这时需要用虚拟语气来表达后悔。
[仿写四]
1. Tom多么希望爷爷还活在世上,带着他玩各种各样的游戏。
2. Luke多么希望他们没有丢失小狗,陪着他们到新的地方。
3. Mary毫不犹豫地打开礼物,真希望这就是她一直盼望的鞋子。
4. 老爸看着兄弟俩,充满着失望,真希望他们俩不要再争吵了。
五、要想表达形象生动,可用as if...
[例10]2020年浙江模拟题
The glasses dropped into the river, as if the water had swallowed them.眼鏡掉到河里,好像水已经吞噬了它。
说明:主人公兄弟俩跟爸爸在深林里的一条河边走着,突然爸爸摔了一跤,眼镜掉到河里,兄弟俩赶紧去找,但由于河水汹涌,找不到。这时就需要用虚拟语气来描述河中水流的凶猛。顺便提提,此句型也是比喻的写作手法。
[仿写二]
1. 农场上空充满了萤火虫,就好像灯光在上面照耀着。
2. 小猫摇着尾巴,好像他是一个老朋友。
3. 他不愿意把球传给队友,好像篮球赛就是个人的比赛。
平时我们要熟悉高考评分标准,提高备考效率和质量。读后续写的第五档中,有提到要创造出丰富的语言内容,人的情感是丰富多彩的,句子表达也是多变的,恰当运用虚拟语气于读后续写中,辅助情感表达,故事的暗线效果就显而易见,就会在高考中扭亏为赢。
参考译文
仿写一
1. If I had set out a little earlier, I wouldnt have missed the bus.
2. If I walked to school now, the bus would probably arrive in a few minutes.
3. If there had been one more seat in the lifeboat, my wife would have survived the disaster.
仿写二
1. But for/Without such a loving but absent-minded and forgetful mother, we wouldnt have had an interesting and happy childhood.
2. But for /Without the fairness of the match, Timmy wouldnt have won the third prize and got his desired football.
3. But for/Without Ronnys in-time help, Henry couldnt have lived and removed the misunderstanding between them.
仿写三
1. He was full of regret/He was extremely regretful, if only he had kept waiting for two more minutes.
2. If only we had stayed at home and had not driven to such a dangerous place.
3. If only we had kept what uncle Paul said and kept to the track that we had left.
仿写四
1. How Tom wished that his grandpa had been alive in the world, taking him to play various games.
2. How Luke wished that the little dog hadnt been lost , accompanying them to the new place.
3. Mary unwrapped the gift box without hesitation, wishing it had been the shoes she had been looking forward to.
4. The father stared at two brothers, full of despair, wishing they wouldnt argue any more.
仿写五
1. The fireflies were full of the sky, as if the lights were shining brightly.
2. The little cat wagged its tail, as if he were his former friend.
3. He was unwilling to pass the ball to his teammates, as if the basketball match were a persons game.