如何使高考英语读后续写的语言生动丰富

黄杏茹

根据广东省2021届高考英语评卷中对读后续写部分的评分原则，第五档（21～25分）要求学生的续写“创造了丰富、合理的内容，富有逻辑性，续写完整，与原文情境融洽度高。使用了多样并且恰当的词汇和语法结构，可能有个别小错，但完全不影响理解。有效地使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构清晰，意义连贯。”

在语言方面，“多样并且恰当的词汇和语法结构”是指：1.同一词意的用词不同表达。2.同义句的多样化表达。3.同一成分的不同表达形式。为贴合评分原则、写出高分续写，考生必须重视语言的丰富性、多样性，要写得准确、地道、贴切、鲜活。

第一，使用多样并且恰当的词汇，做好同一词意的用词不同表达。词汇和语言的积累是提高读后续写能力的基础。学生只有脑中储备足够数量的词汇，才能保证在运用时随意支取，使续写语言准确、地道、生动。读后续写的遣词造句须从语境考虑，在几个可用的词中选出最恰当、最得体的词，把所要表达的意思恰如恰如其分地表达出来。具体用哪个最恰当，要根据具体的情况，仔细斟酌，反复推敲。例如，“说”就有十分丰富的词汇，包括：补充说add，重复地说repeat，聊天chat with sb，通知某事inform sb.of sth，宣布某事announce/declare，告诉某人tell sb.sth.，小声地说whisper/murmur，安慰某人comfort sb，解释说explain，抱怨说complain，叹息说sigh，回应说respond to，恳求说plead，插话put in，脱口而出blurt out等等，学生备考时注意积累，而不是一味只用“say”，语言的等次自然就得到了提升。

第二，同义句的多样化表达。要重视句式变化和英文的习惯表达，包括倒装句、省略句、强调句、复合句、非谓语动词、副词或介词短语等等。考生平时可以从知名网站和BBC等原版报纸或期刊中摘录英语句式的地道表达。例如，“他一看到兔子就追了过去。”英语句式可以多种多样：No sooner had he caught sight of the rabbit than he rushed after it. / Hardly had he caught sight of the rabbit when he rushed after it. / The moment he caught sight of the rabbit， he rushed after it. / On catching sight of the rabbit， he rushed after it. / At the sight of the rabbit， he rushed after it. 又如，表示“笑/開心”，留心观察、积累，就又非常丰富的表达方式：

The little girl returned me a sweet smile， her tinkling laughter filling the air. / Hearing this， Aram jumped up in happiness， with his eyes sparkling like shining stars. /The air was rich with happiness and kindness. /A surge of ecstasy welling up inside me， I dashed to knock at his window. / A flood of joy surging from the bottom of my heart， I agreed at once with a bright smile spreading across my cheeks./ Imagining the girl’s response when she saw her dream come true， Heiss wore a shining smile on his face all the way.

第三，同一成分的不同表达形式。要熟悉基本句子结构，以及不同的句子成分的表达形式，包括：主语/宾语/表语可以是名词、代词、动名词、不定式、主语从句等，状语可以是副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、状语从句等等。同学们平时要多做句型转换。例如，状语：Suddenly， he found a stream. / All of a sudden， he found a stream. / Though he was tired， he never thought of giving up. / Though tired， he never thought of giving up. / Tired as he was， he never thought of giving up./ Tired was， he never thought of giving up./ Despite his tiredness， he never thought of giving up. 又例如，主语：It occurred to her me that I had left my phone in the Uber car. /  To get the hamburger still seemed inviting despite the stormy day./A clever idea struck me. / It proved practical and we satisfied our appetites.

实现词汇和语法结构多样性并让语言生动丰富的方式有很多，学生要做学习的有心人，多读、多看、多练、多记，才能有丰富的语料库以供写作时使用，提高高考英语续写的语言能力。