刘继华
刘教授:
您好!
我是宁波象山一中学的学生,我写了两篇英语作文,烦请您抽空帮我批改指导一下。不胜感谢!
余辽
一、英语书信写作
【写作任务】
假如你是李华,你的外国朋友来信询问你校“英语角”的建设进度,请你给他回信。內容包括:(1)告知进度;(2)询问建议;(3)期待回信。要求:(1)词数80左右;(2)可适当增加细节,使行文连贯。
【原文】
Dear Herry⑴
Thank you for your concern about our progress in organizing an⑵English Corner. I’d like to share something with you.
Delightedly, we’ve gotten enough English reading materials⑶ with fruitful themes⑷, which may be a good channel for students to broaden their horizon. Another up-lifting⑸ thing is that all the staff have been ready⑹ for their work⑺ since yesterday. However, we can’t decide which style the decoration⑻ should be. So⑼ would you mind giving us an idea on how to cater ⑽students’taste?
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【刘教授批注】
(1)这个名字有点怪。至少我好像没有看到过。一般都是Harry。名字上,实在吃不准的,不如用一个大家都认识的,如Jack、Tom之类。另,称呼后面丢了标点。这个标点,英文一般都用逗号。
(2)他既然来信询问“英语角”的事,那么,“英语角”就应该是他知道、你也知道的事,而且前面的信中肯定已经提到,所以此处应该是特指,用the,而不用an。
(3)一般来说,抽象意义上的“材料”用不可数(如reading material),具体意义上的用可数(如building materials)。虽然如今这个词的用法比过去宽松不少,但我们还是严谨一些为好。
(4)什么是fruitful themes?看不太明白。主题是有收获或有结果的,这是什么意思?fruitful与themes搭配上有问题。如果是rich themes,主题丰富,大家还能明白。不知道你这里想要说的是什么。词汇学习,在写作中的应用,一定要注意搭配。
(5)意思不清。这个thing是要lift up什么?没有语境,意义就无法依附了。
(6)ready是一个状态,have been ready实际意思就等于这种状态已经有过了,也就是已经过去了,那么意义就不对了。这种完成体,应该用动作动词,不应该用状态动词或表示状态的其他词(如ready这样的形容词)。如果想用ready,那么,这个句子建议改为we are ready(后面的since yesterday同时删去)。
(7)What work?也是因为语境的问题,意义不清。
(8)没有限定,搞不清楚是什么东西的decoration,不妥。如果是the decoration of the English Corner room就清楚了。语言运用一定要注意其限制因素。
(9)此处so可删。
(10)动词用法错误。查一下词典就知道了。
刘教授点评:
全文92个词,符合词数要求。回信内容总体齐全,语言通顺流畅,也有一定主次重点,应该说还是不错的。问题主要有两点:
1.词汇意义不是很清楚,词汇搭配不正确,如fruitful themes,up-lifting等。
2.对语境制约因素关注不够,如the decoration,up-lifting等。
针对这两个问题,建议:
1.平时词汇学习一定要注意弄清其具体意义和搭配,不可仅依据自己脑子里的汉语意义来“翻译”。
2.写作一定要注意语境,在什么样的语境下才有什么样的语言用法。脱离语境的语言是很危险的。
二、故事续写
【写作任务】
阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。
Once there was a slave named Androcles, who was so badly treated by his master that he resolved to run away from him. He therefore secretly left his master’s house and hid himself in a forest, some miles distant from the city.
After wandering about for some time, he came to a large cave, and overcome by hunger and tiredness, he lay down in it, and soon fell fast asleep.
He was suddenly awakened by the roar of a wild beast; a great lion stood right at the mouth of the cave. There was no way he could escape!
Androcles expected nothing else than to be at once torn to pieces, but to his great surprise, the lion came gently towards him, without showing any signs of anger. It gave forth a low and mournful (悲哀的) sound, as if it were begging for his assistance. As the lion approached him, he noticed that one of its feet was swollen.
He then went up to the lion, took hold of the wounded paw (爪子), and examined it as a surgeon would examine a patient. He was not long in finding out the cause of the swelling; for he saw in the ball of the foot a very large thorn (刺). The slave pulled out the thorn, and pressed out of the wound a quantity of matter, which gave the lion immediate relief.
Then, the lion began to show his gratitude by every means in his power. He jumped about like a playful spaniel (西班牙獵犬), wagged his great tail, and licked the hands and feet of his physician. From that moment Androcles became his guest; the lion always shared his prey.
The slave continued to live like this for several months. At length, wandering carelessly through the woods, he was seized by a company of soldiers who were sent by the master to search for him.
注意:
1.所续写短文的词数应为150个左右;
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下画线的关键词语;
3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;
4.续写完成后,请用下画线标出你所使用的关键词语。
【原文】
Paragraph 1:
He was sentenced to be torn by a lion in the public arena (竞技场). On that day, Androcles stood in the middle of the arena calmly awaiting his fate. _________________________________
Paragraph 2:
However, the lion didn’t act as most had imagined. __________________________________
He was sentenced to be torn by a lion in the public arena⑴ When the time for his destruction came, Androcles stood in the middle of the arena calmly waiting for his fate⑵. Presently ⑶a dreadful yell ⑷was heard, which made the auidience⑸ start to tremble⑹. A huge lion then sprang out of a cage, and darted forward upon its victim ⑺with flaming eyes and gaping jaws. It⑻ stopped, eyes staring at the poor slave. Then came a thunder ⑼applause. Appar-
ently
the audience in the arena were⑽ waiting for some blood⑾.
However, the lion didn’t act as most had imagined. Instead of spring upon the man, and tearing⑿ him to pieces, it gently licked Androcles like a dog! The governor of the city ordered Androcles to explain how the fierce beast, in a moment, become⒀ as harml-
ess as a lamb. Androcles told his adventures in the forest. The audience was so delighted with his story that they begged the governor to pardon Androcles. This is he did⒁, and he also offered Androcles the lion which⒂had twice spared his life⒃
【刘教授批注】
(1)你是把段首语抄下来了。但怎么会把句号抄丢呢?要仔细啊!
(2)为什么这句和题目所给段首语不同?when the time for his destruction came这样的句子是非常好的,但这个段首语与题目所给不符,会给很多阅卷老师造成困惑。好在正式考试的时候,是直接在段首语后面接写,你不会再将段首语抄一遍的。
(3)presently后最好用逗号。
(4)狮子叫,用yell,不妥。roar比较妥当。bellow也可以。以roar最为合适。yell是(一般是人)大声(经常是凶狠地)喊叫。动物不会喊叫,除非是童话故事或动画片。
(5)audience拼写错误。
(6)动作表示害怕的心情,不错。
(7)这种词用得非常好。
(8)原文都用的he,应与原文保持一致,用he。
(9)这是名词,不是形容词。词性错误。
(10)此处观众只有一群,audience用单数,此处be动词也以was为好。
(11)好!这种metonymy的用法,非常不错!
(12)a. of是介词,后面跟宾语,所以必须是springing;b. springing...and tearing...两个动作并列在一起,and前不能用逗号。
(13)时态错误。如果是现在时态,则数也错。应该是had become。
(14)结构错,时态错。应该是This was what he did。用this作主位,很好。它是旧信息。这样的句子读起来就是顺。
(15)如果你前面用he来称呼狮子,则这里可以用who。如果用it,那么which没有问题。
(16)缺句号。
刘教授点评:
你自己写的内容是159个词。词数合适。
故事情节设计出乎意料而又合乎情理,与原文契合度也很高,非常好。
描述总体上较为具体、生动,tremble, victim, some blood等的用法不但正确,而且精到生动,可圈可点。
语言运用上,能很好地应用主位推进模式,语言流畅,文气连贯,相当不错。
需要注意的地方有三个:
1.粗心之处须改正。标点丢失或错用的问题不少;用了关键词却一个都没有画线;个别单词的拼写和派生形式错误;等等,这些问题本来是不应该出现的。
2.语法正确度须提高。语法,尤其是句法上的问题还存在。其实,不是你不懂这些语法知识,可是在使用上有时可能失了照顾,也就是我们通常讲的competence没有问题,performance上出问题。以后要有意识地将所学用出来。
3.词汇意义的理解应更准确。如对yell,audience这些词的理解还没有完全到位,造成了使用错误。
针对这些问题,建议你:
1.一定要细致,尤其是写完后检查时。
2.语法上,除平时多注意语法结构的分析外,更重要的是在写作时对自己做好monitor的工作,就是自我监控(一边写一边根据句子的六种主要结构以及其他元素关系问自己是否正确),写完后还要着重检查每个句子的语法正确性。
3.词汇学习一定要了解每个词的英文意义,不能只管中文译义(也就是意義的翻译)。这样才能真正理解词汇。除此之外,还要了解每个词的搭配等。
另,《英国语文》第4册第26课有此故事原文(https://3g.en8848.com.cn/kt/jingdianjiaocheng/yingguoyuwen3/268423.html),你不妨找来看看,对比一下,它哪些地方比自己写得好。