向晓玲,陈松鹤,杨洪坤,杨永恒,樊高琼
秸秆覆盖与施磷对丘陵旱地小麦产量和磷素吸收利用效应的影响
向晓玲,陈松鹤,杨洪坤,杨永恒,樊高琼
四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室,成都 611130
【目的】冬干春旱、土壤有机质和速效磷缺乏是四川丘陵旱地冬小麦生产的主要限制因素,通过研究休闲期秸秆覆盖还田和施磷对旱地冬小麦产量和磷素吸收利用的影响,以期为四川丘陵旱地小麦高产稳产及磷素高效利用提供技术方案。【方法】试验于2018—2020年在四川仁寿进行,采用裂区设计,以秸秆覆盖(SM)和不覆盖(NSM)为主区;3个磷水平0(P0)、75 kg·hm-2(P75)和120(P120)kg·hm-2为副区。分析秸秆覆盖和施磷下小麦干物质积累与转运、产量性状及磷素吸收利用的差异。【结果】秸秆覆盖的增产效应高于施磷效应。2018—2019和2019—2020年度秸秆覆盖处理较不覆盖处理小麦有效穗分别增加17.7%和8.48%,穗粒数增加15.6%和11.2%,产量提高18.6%和13.5%;两年度施磷75 kg·hm-2较不施磷处理小麦有效穗分别增加18.2%和8.79%,穗粒数增加21.1%和6.09%,产量提高30.2%和16.1%;施磷120 kg·hm-2比不施磷处理有效穗分别增加21.2%和9.53%,穗粒数增加20.2%和4.03%,产量提高31.8%和17.9%。秸秆覆盖显著提高了小麦开花期和成熟期的干物质、磷素积累量,且均随施磷量的增加而增加;同时秸秆覆盖与施磷均可显著提高小麦花前干物质和磷素转运、花后干物质和磷素积累能力。秸秆覆盖显著提高花前干物质转运量对籽粒的贡献率,但降低了花前磷素转运量对籽粒的贡献率,而施磷显著提高了花前干物质转运量对籽粒的贡献率和花前磷素转运量对籽粒的贡献率。秋闲季秸秆覆盖还田促进了磷的吸收利用,磷肥吸收效率2年分别提高27.3%和23.7%,磷肥偏生产力提高17.8%和14.7%。【结论】秸秆覆盖更有利于促进花前干物质和磷素转运,同时促进花后磷素积累和提高磷肥吸收利用效率,通过增加有效穗和穗粒数实现增产。在本试验条件下,秸秆覆盖+75 kg·hm-2磷肥是适用于四川丘陵旱地小麦高产高效的耕作栽培措施和磷肥管理方案。
冬小麦;秸秆覆盖;施磷;产量;磷素吸收与利用
【研究意义】西南麦区是我国第三大麦区,约70%的小麦分布在丘陵旱地[1]。西南丘陵旱地土壤成土母质为石灰性紫色土,土壤有机质和速效磷含量较为缺乏[2],加之冬干春旱严重,小麦产量低而不稳[3]。休闲期秸秆覆盖和合理施用磷肥可改善土壤水分和养分状况,是提高旱地作物生产力的重要措施,对旱地小麦高产稳产具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】磷是最常见的限制植物生长的营养元素之一,缺磷严重限制作物生长发育,直接影响植株光合效率和产量[4-5]。合理施用磷肥有利于促进作物生长发育和产量的增加。刘冲等[6]在沙壤土研究表明,磷肥施用量为120 kg·hm-2,可有效促进单位面积穗数和千粒重的提高,进而获得高产。惠晓丽等[7]在黄土研究认为,长期单施磷肥100 kg·hm-2,小麦穗数和籽粒产量分别增加18%和15%。也有研究发现,施磷增加了土壤供磷能力和籽粒磷素积累[8],但过量施磷导致磷肥利用率降低,且化肥施用量的增加幅度远高于粮食产量的提高[9]。秸秆还田不仅是农业绿色可持续生产的一项有效的耕作措施[10],而且可有效缓解长期施用化肥造成的土壤退化[11],提高土壤含水量和土壤保水能力[12-13],促进土壤磷形态的转化及提高土壤速效磷的含量[14],为作物生长提供了可以直接吸收利用的磷源[15],进而增加作物磷素吸收和提高作物产量[16]。也有研究表明,秸秆还田配施化肥是提高西南地区土壤肥力和作物产量的重要栽培措施[17-18]。【本研究切入点】前人研究多集中在秸秆还田、施磷及其二者配施改善土壤养分状况、提高作物产量和养分吸收,但丘陵旱地雨养农业区休闲季秸秆覆盖和施磷对缺磷土壤小麦产量及磷素吸收利用的效应尚不清楚。【拟解决的关键问题】本研究针对西南丘陵旱地紫色土速效磷严重缺乏问题,分析休闲期玉米秸秆覆盖与不同施磷量条件对旱地小麦产量形成、磷素吸收转运及其利用差异,以期明确秸秆覆盖与施磷对旱地小麦高产稳产及磷素高效利用的效应,为丘陵旱地小麦高产栽培提供理论依据和技术支撑。
试验于2018—2020年在四川省眉山市仁寿县珠嘉镇踏水村(30°04′ N,104°13′ E)进行。试验地属亚热带季风湿润气候,丘陵地貌,土壤类型为石灰性紫色土,前茬作物为夏玉米。海拔482 m,年均降雨量1 009.4 mm,年均气温17.4°C,小麦生育期气象条件见图1,供试土壤(0—20 cm)基础理化性状见表1。
表1 供试土壤基础理化性状
气象数据来源于四川省农业气象中心
本试验采用二因素裂区设计。主因素为秸秆处理方式,分无秸秆覆盖(NSM)和玉米秸秆粉碎覆盖(SM),覆盖量为8 000 kg·hm-2(干重);副因素为施磷量,分别为0(P0)、75 kg P2O5·hm-2(P75)和120 kg P2O5·hm-2(P120),共6个处理,每个处理重复3次。8月底夏玉米收获后将秸秆粉碎覆盖在各试验小区。供试氮肥为普通尿素(N 46.2 %),磷肥为过磷酸钙(P2O512.5%),钾肥为氯化钾(K2O 60%),氮肥和钾肥用量分别为150和75 kg·hm-2。60%氮肥和全部磷、钾肥作为基肥,另于拔节期追施剩余40%氮肥。小麦品种为川麦104,是当地主推品种之一,由四川省农业科学院选育。分别于2018年11月6日和2019年10月31日播种,2019年5月9日和2020年4月29日收获。小麦采用免耕开沟点播,行距20 cm,穴距10 cm,小区面积为10.2 m2(3 m×3.4 m),每穴播种6粒,基本苗为2.25×106株/hm2。其他田间管理措施同当地大田。
1.3.1 植株干物质量测定 于小麦开花期和成熟期,按照平均数取样法,每小区取15株小麦植株样品,沿根茎结合处剪掉根系,开花期分为叶片、茎秆+叶鞘、穗3部分,成熟期分为叶片、茎秆+叶鞘、穗轴+颖壳、籽粒4部分,分器官装袋放入鼓风干燥箱,于105℃杀青30 min,并在85℃烘至恒重,称量后粉碎用于后续养分测定。
1.3.2 植株养分测定 将开花期和成熟期粉碎的植株样品过0.25 mm筛,采用H2SO4-H2O2消煮,钒钼黄比色法测定植株全磷[19],根据干物质量计算植株磷素(P)积累量。
1.3.3 产量及其构成 小麦收获前调查有效穗,连续取30穗调查小麦结实小穗、不实小穗和穗粒数,每小区连续收获3.6 m2测产,同时调查千粒重。
参照仝锦等[20]方法计算植株干物质量及磷素积累量,具体公式如下:
花后干物质(磷)积累量(kg·hm-2)=成熟期干物质(磷)积累量-开花期干物质(磷)积累量;
营养器官干物质(磷)转运量(kg·hm-2)=开花期干物质(磷)积累量-成熟期营养器官干物质(磷)积累量;
营养器官干物质(磷)转运率(%)=营养器官干物质(磷)转运量/开花期干物质(磷)积累量×100;
干物质(磷)转运量对籽粒贡献率(%)=营养器
官干物质(磷)转运量/成熟期籽粒干重(磷吸收量)×100;
花后干物质(磷)积累量对籽粒贡献率(%)=花后干物质(磷)积累量/成熟期籽粒干重(吸收量)×100;
磷吸收效率(kg·kg-1)=植株地上部磷积累量/施磷量;
磷肥偏生产力(kg·kg-1)=籽粒产量/施磷量。
所有试验数据用Microsoft Excel 2016进行整理计算,用SPSS 19.0进行方差分析及相关性分析,Origin 2017作图。
由表2可见,秸秆覆盖(SM)显著增加了两年度小麦结实小穗数,降低了不实小穗数;施磷增加了结实小穗。秸秆覆盖与施磷均对小麦的有效穗、穗粒数和产量有显著影响(<0.05),对千粒重的影响不显著。2018—2019和2019—2020年度,SM相较NSM有效穗分别增加17.7%和8.48%,穗粒数增加15.6%和11.2%,产量提高18.6%和13.5%。与P0相比,P75两年度有效穗分别增加18.2%和8.79%,穗粒数增加21.1%和6.09%,产量提高30.2%和16.1%;P120则分别为21.2%和9.53%,20.2%和4.03%,31.8%和17.9%。2018—2019年度,秸秆覆盖与施磷对产量性状的互作效应不显著,但2019—2020年度对有效穗和穗粒数有极显著影响(<0.01),表现为SM下P120的有效穗最多,P75的穗粒数最高;而NSM下P75的有效穗最多,P120的穗粒数最高。进一步分析表明,秸秆覆盖是提高小麦产量的主要因素(值),产量以SM+P120处理最高,但与SM+P75处理差异不显著。
表2 秸秆覆盖与施磷对小麦产量及其构成的影响
M和P分别表示玉米秸秆覆盖和施磷水平;不同小写字母表示处理间存在显著差异(<0.05);*和**表示处理间在5%和1%上存在显著差异;ns表示处理间无显著差异。下同
M and P represent the maize straw mulching and phosphorus application level, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant under different treatments at<0.05. *, ** indicate significance at 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively. ns indicate no significance under different treatments. The same as below
由图2可知,秸秆覆盖和施磷处理对小麦干物质积累量均有极显著影响,两者的交互作用仅在2019—2020年度的干物质积累上表现极显著(<0.01)。SM下两个年度小麦开花期干物质积累量较NSM分别提高了18.5%和15.3%,成熟期分别提高17.6%和11.9%。地上部干物质积累量随施磷量的增加而增加,与P0相比,2018—2019年度P75和P120开花期干物质积累量分别增加12.6%和19.0%;成熟期分别增加12.3%和17.6%;在2019—2020年度开花期分别增加16.4%和20.3%,成熟期分别增加12.3%和15.9%。相比增施磷肥,秸秆覆盖是提高小麦花前干物质转运量、转运率、干物质转运量对籽粒的贡献率和花后干物质积累量的主要因素,两个年度规律一致(表3)。秸秆覆盖处理的花前干物质转运量、贡献率以及花后干物质积累量较不覆盖处理分别提高了29.4%、9.89个百分点和8.50%(2年均值);P75和P120的花前干物质转运量较P0分别提高25.7%和35.4%,花前干物质转运量对籽粒的贡献率提高9.50和12.8个百分点,花后干物质积累量提高6.55%和8.93%(2年均值)。
由图3可知,秸秆覆盖和施磷均极显著提高了小麦植株磷素积累量(<0.01),但秸秆覆盖效应更大(值)。与NSM相比,SM两年度开花期磷素积累量分别提高20.5%和15.1%,成熟期分别提高27.9%和23.3%。磷素积累量随施磷量的增加而增加,与P0相比,2018—2019年度P75和P120的小麦开花期磷素积累量分别增加28.6%和48.7%,成熟期分别增加31.6%和41.8%;2019—2020年度开花期分别增加24.8%和41.4%,成熟期分别增加28.3%和38.2%。秸秆覆盖与施磷的交互作用仅在2019—2020年度对磷素积累有显著或极显著的影响。与NSM相比(表4),秸秆覆盖花前磷素转运量对籽粒的贡献率两个年度分别降低6.97和7.98个百分点,花后磷素积累量对籽粒的贡献率分别提高27.4和59.2个百分点差异均极显著(<0.01)。但SM下小麦花前磷素转运量两个年度分别提高了18.7%和11.0%,花后磷素积累量分别提高了62.8%和91.5%,差异极显著(<0.01)。施磷提高了小麦花前磷素转运量及其对籽粒的贡献率(<0.01)和花后磷素积累量(<0.05),但降低了花后磷素积累对籽粒的贡献率(<0.01)。不同处理花前磷素转运量对籽粒的贡献率达71.9%—89.3%,花后积累磷素对籽粒的贡献为10.8%—28.1%。可见,花前籽粒磷素转运对籽粒产量的贡献更为重要,与不覆盖相比,秸秆覆盖有利于提高花前磷素转运量和花后积累量,对促进籽粒磷素积累的贡献更大。
M和P分别表示玉米秸秆覆盖和施磷水平;不同小写字母表示NSM和SM处理下的不同施磷水平之间有显著差异(P < 0.05); **表示极显著(P < 0.01);*表示显著(P < 0.01);ns表示无显著差异。下同
表3 秸秆覆盖与施磷对小麦花前干物质转运和花后干物质积累的影响
DMABA:花前干物质量; DMAAA:花后干物质量;TA:运转量;TR:运转率;CG:籽粒贡献率;AA:积累量。下同
DMABA: Dry matter assimilation before anthesis; DMAAA: Dry matter assimilation after anthesis; TA: Translocation amount; TR: Translocation ratio; CG: Contribution ratio to grain; AA: Assimilation amount. The same as below
秸秆覆盖和施磷对磷肥的吸收效率和偏生产力均有极显著影响(图4)。两个年度,SM较NSM磷肥吸收效率分别提高27.3%和23.7%,磷肥偏生产力分别提高17.8%和14.7%。增加施磷量则降低了磷肥吸收效率和磷肥偏生产力,2018—2019年度磷肥吸收效率由0.33 kg·kg-1降低到0.24 kg·kg-1,磷肥偏生产力从96.5 kg·kg-1降低到61.1 kg·kg-1;2019—2020年度磷肥吸收效率则由0.32 kg·kg-1降低到0.22 kg·kg-1,磷肥偏生产力由101.5 kg·kg-1降低到64.4 kg·kg-1。
由表5可知,小麦地上部干物质积累量、磷素积累量、结实小穗、有效穗和穗粒数均与产量有极显著正相关关系(<0.01),不实小穗和千粒重与产量没有显著相关性(>0.05)。干物质积累量对产量的直接通径系数最大,其次是有效穗。有效小穗通过干物质积累量对产量有最大影响,磷素积累量、有效穗、穗粒数、千粒重通过干物质积累量对产量的正向效应依次减小。磷素积累量对产量有负向的直接作用,但可以通过干物质积累量的提高而增产。
图3 秸秆覆盖与施磷对小麦植株磷素吸收的影响
图4 秸秆覆盖与施磷对磷肥利用的影响
表4 秸秆覆盖与施磷对小麦植株花前磷素转运和花后磷素积累的影响
PABA:花前积累的磷素;PAAA:花后积累的磷素 PABA: P assimilation before anthesis; PAAA: P assimilation after anthesis
表5 小麦干物质、磷素积累、穗部性状与产量的相关分析及通径分析
DMA:干物积累量;PA:磷素养分积累量;ESS:结实小穂;ISS:不实小穂;ES:有效穗;GNPS:穗粒数;TGW:千粒重
DMA: Dry matter accumulation; PA: P accumulation; ESS: Effective small spikes; ISS: Invalid small spikes; ES: Effective spike; GNPS: Grain number per spike; TGW: Thousand-grain weight
生物量是保证小麦产量的基础。秸秆覆盖或施磷可促进小麦茎秆伸长、变粗,增加植株干物质重[6, 21]。本试验中,秸秆覆盖显著提高了小麦地上部干物质积累,可能由于玉米秸秆还田减缓了小麦灌浆中后期叶绿素的降解,提高光合作用[22],有利于光合物质生产和积累。大多研究表明,花后干物质积累是籽粒产量的主要来源,保证花后干物质积累的条件下增加花前转运是产量提高的基础[23-25]。但四川盆地冬小麦全生育期短,分蘖时间短,常常表现为生物量不足,秸秆覆盖小麦收获期的生物量由16 217 kg·hm-2提高到18 592 kg·hm-2,施磷75和120 kg·hm-2较不施磷小麦收获期的生物量由15 870 kg·hm-2分别提高到17 820和18 523 kg·hm-2(2年均值)。本研究中秸秆覆盖对花前转运量和花后积累量的促进效应高于磷肥效应,因而本研究认为秸秆覆盖是该区域促进小麦产量稳步提升的关键栽培措施。
作物产量取决于有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重之间的协调。有研究表明,长期免耕覆盖可协调产量构成之间的关系,从而提高小麦产量[26]。李延亮等[27]研究发现,施磷主要通过提高小麦成穗数来影响产量,陈玉章等[21]在西北旱区秸秆还田也得到了类似结论。也有研究发现,秋闲期秸秆覆盖与施磷有利于改善土壤理化性状,促进分蘖的发生,提高分蘖成穗率,进而增加单位面积穗数提高产量[27-28]。也有研究表明,秸秆还田增产的主要贡献来自千粒重的增加[29]。本试验中,秸秆覆盖与施磷及其交互作用对千粒重均无显著影响,秸秆覆盖和施磷均显著提高了小麦有效穗和穗粒数,穗粒数的提升来源于结实小穗数的增加,且秸秆覆盖对提高小麦结实小穗和穗粒数的贡献更大,再次说明秸秆覆盖是该区域小麦高产稳产的关键栽培措施。
磷是限制作物生长发育的三大营养元素之一[30],西南丘陵旱地石灰性紫色土富钾贫磷,尤其是土壤速效磷缺乏[2],因此,施用磷肥可构建养分平衡,促进植株磷素积累并增产[31]。本试验研究表明,秸秆覆盖与施磷均显著提高小麦磷素积累量,但秸秆覆盖对提高小麦磷素积累量的效应高于施用磷肥。究其原因,西南丘陵区小麦生长季降雨不足,有机质和速效磷缺乏,秋闲期秸秆覆盖显著提高土壤有机质含量和小麦植株可直接利用的磷素[32-33],增加土壤蓄水保墒能力,利于小麦根系生长[34],从而扩大植株根系对磷的接触面积,促进小麦磷素吸收,最终增加磷素的积累量。籽粒中的磷素主要来自花前营养器官积累磷素的转移,花后积累磷素较少[35]。本研究结果表明,秸秆覆盖和施磷均显著增加了小麦花前磷素的转运量和花后磷素积累量,但秸秆覆盖显著降低而施磷显著增加了花前磷素转运量对籽粒的贡献率。说明施磷主要是促进花前磷素的积累和转运,而秸秆覆盖后植株花后持续吸收能力强,进而可以协调小麦花前磷素转运和花后积累,促进磷素向籽粒转运。小麦植株磷素吸收受降雨量的影响,董昭云[36]研究表明,沟垄集雨种植模式较传统平作模式成熟期小麦植株磷吸收量显著提高31.0%—55.9%。本研究结果表明,2018—2019年度降水较2019—2020年度多,小麦植株成熟期磷吸收量提高2.42%—11.0%,秸秆覆盖后改善了土壤墒情同样促进植株对磷素的吸收。
西南丘陵旱地是石灰性紫色土,外施磷肥少量被作物吸收,大多与Ca2+结合积累在土壤中[37],因此降低了磷的有效性。有研究表明,秸秆覆盖还田后,为土壤带入了充足的碳源,刺激了微生物的活动和磷酸酶的活性[38],同时有机质分解过程中产生的腐殖酸和小分子有机酸类物质增多[39],有利于土壤难溶性磷的活化[15]。本试验中,秸秆覆盖促进了磷素的吸收利用,较不覆盖处理磷肥吸收效率提高了25.5%,磷肥偏生产力提高了16.3%(2年均值)。本研究还发现,西南丘陵旱地石灰性紫色土,施磷75和120 kg·hm-2后地上部磷素积累量差异显著,但对产量却没有显著影响,表明施磷120 kg·hm-2可能存在磷素吸收奢侈现象。因此,在本试验条件下,秸秆覆盖配施75 kg·hm-2磷肥可获得最佳经济效益。
相比增施磷肥而言,秸秆覆盖是提高丘陵旱地贫磷土壤小麦产量的主要效应,其利于提高花前干物质和磷素转运及花后干物质和磷素积累,促进小麦有效穗和穗粒数的增加而增产,以秸秆覆盖+75 kg·hm-2施磷量处理获得最佳经济产量7 614 kg·hm-2(2年均值)。因此,秸秆覆盖配施75 kg·hm-2磷肥是西南丘陵旱地石灰性紫色土区域提高磷的吸收利用和促进小麦高产稳产绿色可持续发展的重要栽培措施。
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Effects of Straw Mulching and Phosphorus Application on Wheat Yield, Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization in Hilly Dryland
XIANG XiaoLing, CHEN SongHe, YANG HongKun, YANG YongHeng, FAN GaoQiong
College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130
【Objective】 The main limiting factors of winter wheat production are less rainfall in winter and spring, low content of soil organic matter and serious lack of available phosphorus in hilly dryland of Sichuan province. In order to provide a technical scheme for the high and stable yield of wheat and phosphorus efficient utilization of dryland wheat in hilly region of Sichuan province, this experiment studied the effects of straw mulching in idle season and phosphorus application on dryland winter wheat yield, phosphorus absorption and utilization. 【Method】 A two-year experimental design from 2018 to 2020 in Renshou, Sichuan province was as follows: straw mulching (SM) or without straw mulching (NSM) as the main-plot treatment, and three kinds of phosphorus application of 0 (P0), 75 (P75) and 120 (P120) kg·hm-2as the sub-plot treatment. The differences of dry matter accumulation and transport, yield traits and phosphorus uptake and utilization of wheat were analyzed under straw mulching and phosphorus application.【Result】The yield increasing effect of straw mulching was higher than that of phosphorus application. In 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, compared with the non-mulched treatments, the effective spike, grain number per spike and yield of wheat in the mulched treatments were increased by 17.7% and 8.48%, 15.6% and 11.2%, 18.6% and 13.5%, respectively. Compared with no P application, the effective spike, grain number per spike and yield of wheat in 75 kg·hm-2P application for the two seasons of wheat increased by 18.2% and 8.79%, 21.1% and 6.09%, 30.2% and 16.1%, respectively. Similarly, compared with no P application, the effective spike, grain number per spike and yield of wheat in 120 kg·hm-2P application increased by 21.2% and 9.53%, 20.2% and 4.03%, 31.8% and 17.9% respectively. In addition, the straw mulching significantly increased the dry matter and phosphorus accumulation of wheat at anthesis and maturity stages, which were increased with the increase of phosphorus application. Additionally, straw mulching and phosphorus application significantly enhanced the amount of pre-anthesis dry matter and phosphate translocation, and improved the dry matter and phosphate accumulation of grain. Straw mulching also significantly increased the contribution rate of pre-anthesis dry matter transporting to grain, but did not increased the contribution rate of pre-anthesis phosphorus transport to grain. While phosphate application significantly increased the contribution rate of pre-anthesis dry matter and phosphorus transport to grain. Straw mulching before sowing promoted the absorption and utilization of phosphorus, the absorption efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer increased by 27.3% and 23.7%, respectively, and the partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer increased by 17.8% and 14.7%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Straw mulching was more beneficial to promote dry matter and phosphorus transport before anthesis, but also to promote phosphorus accumulation after anthesis and to improve the absorption and utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer. The yield increase was achieved by increasing effective spike and grain number per spike. Overall, the straw mulching combined with 75 kg·hm-2phosphorus fertilizer was a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation measure and phosphorus fertilizer management plan for wheat in hilly dryland in Sichuan.
winter wheat; straw mulching; phosphorus application; yield; phosphorus absorption and utilization
2021-02-25;
2021-06-03
四川省十四五重点研发项目—突破性麦类育种材料和方法创新及新品种选育(育种攻关)(2021YFYZ0002)、国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300406)、国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(20150312705)
向晓玲,E-mail:1643079472@qq.com。通信作者樊高琼,E-mail:fangao20056@126.com
(责任编辑 杨鑫浩)