仰望星空的舞台

2022-01-09 05:00刁艳杰
走向世界 2022年1期
关键词:采石石壁户外运动

文/刁艳杰

采石坑的石壁被完整保留,石窝剧场的舞台和看台围绕石壁设置。The cliff has been completely preserved, with the stage and grandstand arranged around it.

废弃采石坑的重生

五家疃村是一个拥有百年历史的小村庄,村庄原始格局完好,传统风貌明显,具有较高的文化和旅游价值,美中不足的是,这里一直遗留着一个与周边环境很不协调的“石窝子”——上世纪五六十年代,五家疃村民大量采石盖房,最终留下了总占地面积达3000余平方米、生态破坏严重、存在山体滑坡落石等安全隐患的废弃采石坑,由于长期无人看管,逐渐成为村民堆放柴草的区域。

2019年,本着“自然生态恢复,保留乡村记忆”理念,环翠区聘请中央美院何崴教授团队,高起点规划建设了“环翠轻户外运动小镇”,并将“石窝子”改造成整个小镇的亮点。要在保留乡村风貌和地域特色的前提下修复“石窝子”,将这个曾经造成生态环境破坏的采石坑变为造福一方百姓的有益场所,作为建筑师的何崴觉得,这样的目标也许可以通过建筑设计的手段来实现。

认识场地是设计的开始。何崴和团队在实地考察时发现,采石坑虽然规模不大,但形状如同自然弯曲的手,曾经采石的痕迹经历了岁月的侵蚀呈现出一种“人工—自然”相结合的图景,特别是暴露在外的石壁,峥嵘奇峻,给何崴留下了深刻印象。

问及剧场的设计灵感从何而来,何崴列举了两个早年的视听经验:一个是少年时代南京中山陵音乐台,另一个是后来留学欧洲时,给他留下深刻印象的希腊埃庇道鲁斯露天剧场。“在现场,当我以一名观众的角度审视这里时,便觉得它是古希腊古典剧场和东方戏台的结合体。略微提升的人工看台和开放式的舞台带有浓厚的希腊剧场特点,而巨大的石壁又似永不落的屏风背景融入舞台,让观众得以聚拢视线,这是中国传统戏曲舞台的美学传统。”何崴介绍说。

为了保留这一特点,何崴并没有在“石窝子”里做很多的地形改造,而是尽量利用原有的地形做文章。“石壁是这座剧场的启发点,石壁的存在决定了整个剧场的性格和气氛,而且石壁因开采石料形成了独特的弧形,具有很好的声学效果。”何崴说道。为了不遮挡和抢夺石壁的“主角”地位,石窝剧场的高度尽量压低,外形也趋于规整。剧场的正立面由一系列落地窗洞组成,窗洞与窗洞之间的墙面厚度被有意强化,给人一种洞穴的感觉,以回应场地原有采石坑的历史。

石窝剧场的建筑立面采用传统垒石工艺。Traditional stone-laying technique is used for the facade of the Stone Nest Amphitheatre.

舞台下方的咖啡厅可以为剧场提供后勤和公共配套服务。The cafe under the stage can provide logistics and public support services for the amphitheatre.

同时,为了表达“石窝剧场”是从采石坑中建造而来的概念,何崴在石窝剧场的建筑材料选择上特意采用毛石垒筑,而其中的大部分石块来自于平整场地时挖掘出的石头。当人们站在巨大的石块前,抚摸着粗犷质感的纹路,仿佛可以感知那些被风雨侵蚀的岁月。

在石窝剧场的舞台下方,还嵌入了一处工业风的咖啡厅。它与剧场的看台共用支撑结构,在功能上包括储藏、公共卫生间和咖啡厅,可以为剧场提供后勤和公共配套服务。等到夜色拉开帷幕,石窝剧场便是仰望星空的好地方,不必担心城市的灯光太亮,自有一片星空在此处闪耀。在何崴的想象中,未来的某一时刻,在这里听着民谣,喝着啤酒,仰望星空……可以感受生活本该拥有的美好。

村庄焕发新活力

“采石坑与村庄只有一路之隔,在这里建个剧场,哪怕给老百姓跳广场舞也好。”这是何崴最初的设想。如今,石窝剧场可不止跳广场舞这一个功能,乡村文化节、公益电影、文艺汇演、送节目下乡、百姓宣讲等大大小小的活动,都在这里举办过。

五家疃村和周围村子的村民也喜欢到这里休闲,几乎每天晚上,这里都热闹非凡。孩子们在舞台上追跑打闹,在石板小径上蹦蹦跳跳,老人们则坐在看台上聊天,村庄的活力仿佛都被这处剧场点燃了。“老百姓喜欢,是对建筑师最大的褒奖。”何崴说,“像商品能引导消费一样,建筑可以引导人的行为,诱发公共聚集,提高村庄活力。”

石窝剧场的打造是环翠区“轻户外运动小镇”中的一部分。现如今,不仅是石窝剧场,轻户外运动小镇也成了远近闻名的打卡地。“一到周末,年轻人都爱来玩。北边有儿童平衡车公园,东边有骑士驿站,我们轻户外运动小镇的名头算是打出去了。”村民王培玲说道。凭借优越的生态环境,轻户外运动小镇打造了骑行、徒步、越野、露营等多种户外运动业态。通过统一收储低效闲置民房等,吸引社会资本500余万元,落地轻体网球基地、晟仙俊美蝴蝶兰基地等产业项目7个。同时,以村、合作社为主体,打造了老年餐桌、小镇村服务中心等惠民项目3处,实现所有资源与市场“对号入座”。

最近几次来到威海,何崴也真切感受到了轻户外运动小镇的打造给当地村居带来的变化。“一些变化体现在生态修复上,原本无人管理的溪流、湿地,如今有了白鹭栖息;还有一些变化则展现在村民的心态上,环境的改变给村子带来了新的希望。”何崴说,一些人开始在这里做产业,村民们说好久没看到这么多年轻人,“活力”就是乡村振兴的“密码”。

“建筑设计是我的本职工作,但这份工作的本质并不是建一个好看的房子,而是以建筑为切入点做更丰富的东西,帮助解决社会问题。在机会成熟的情况下,我愿意把自己的知识、资源贡献给中国的乡村,做乡村的‘守护者’。”何崴说道。

Wujiatuan Village, Songshan Sub-district, Huancui District, Weihai City, is a century-old village. Maintaining its original layout, the village has remarkable traditional features, and is of high cultural and tourist value. The only fly in the ointment is a “Stone Nest” that is incongruous with the surroundings. During the 1950s and 1960s, the villagers of Wujiatuan exploited a lot of stones to build houses, resulting in an abandoned stone pit that covers a total area of more than 3,000 m2. Unattended for a long time, it gradually became an area where villagers piled up firewood.

In 2019, based on the concept of “Restoring Natural Ecology, Retaining Rural Memory”, Huancui District employed a team led by Prof. He Wei of the Central Academy of Fine Arts to plan and build the “Huancui Outdoor Sports Town” from a high starting point, and took the renovation of the “Stone Nest” as the highlight of the town.

He Wei did not perform too much terrain renovation on the “Stone Nest”, but made the best of the existing terrain. To express the concept of the Stone Nest Amphitheatre built out of a stone pit, He Wei chose rubble as the building material for masonry construction, and most of the rubble came from the stones excavated during site formation. In addition, an industrial-style cafe is embedded under the stage of the amphitheatre. It shares the same supporting structure with the audience area, has the functions of storage, public restrooms and cafe, and provides the amphitheatre with logistics and public support services.

Today, the amphitheatre not only has the function of square dancing, but also is the venue for such activities as the Rural Cultural Festival, public service films, variety performances, rural performances, and publicity for the masses. In addition to the amphitheatre, the Outdoor Sports Town has also become an ‘Internet-famous site’ known far and wide. He Wei said, “Some people have begun starting businesses here. The villagers haven’t seen so many young people for ages. ‘Vitality’ is the ‘Key’ to rural revitalization.”

建成后的石窝剧场为周边村民提供了公共文化活动场所。The completed Stone Nest Amphitheatre provides surrounding villagers with a place for public cultural activities.

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