文/一卓
山东全面提升畜禽标准化规模生产水平,促进畜牧业持续健康发展。图/赵广学Shandong comprehensively hoists the standardized large-scale production level of livestock and poultry and boosts the sustainable and healthy development of animal husbandry.
“2021年1月,农业农村部发函对打造现代畜牧业齐鲁样板作出了部署安排,这在全国尚属首次,明确了山东省先行先试的战略定位,赋予其引领带动的重大使命,提供了跨越发展的历史机遇。”山东省畜牧兽医局局长唐建俊介绍。
目前,山东省畜产品可满足1.5亿人的消费需求,省内价格总体低于全国,是京津沪浙等地市场的主要供给区。其中禽肉产量占全国的1/6,常年生猪外调1000万头,2020年新冠肺炎疫情应急防控期间调往北京、上海、湖北肉品10.8万吨,为保供大局作出巨大贡献。
与此同时,作为畜牧业现代化重要前提的畜禽种业也在齐鲁大地上蓬勃发展,在现代畜牧业发展、优质品牌畜产品培育等工作上,山东成绩突出。据2021年5月发布的《山东省打造全国现代畜牧业齐鲁样板实施方案》介绍,山东省现有地方畜禽品种35个,位居全国第三。建设保种场50个、保护区8个、活体基因库3个、遗传材料基因库1个、省级畜禽遗传资源监测数据平台1个;有16个地方品种开发利用较好,年提供畜产品产值约200亿元。同时,近几年山东引入畜禽品种85个,其中从国外引入60个;核心种源由“以引为主”转为“引育结合”,引进品种本土化选育持续加快,猪、牛、羊等核心种源供应基本有保障。
“目前山东省自主创新能力较强。全省累计培育畜禽品种24个,其中鲁西黑头羊、鲁中肉羊生产性能居国内外领先水平,中新白羽肉鸭、康大肉兔生产性能达到国际先进水平,打破了国外垄断。奶牛种质自主创新和高效扩繁技术国内领先,达到国际先进水平。”山东省畜牧局畜牧与畜禽废弃物利用处处长李流航介绍说。下一步,山东将利用3年时间,开展畜禽遗传资源全面普查,摸清家底,打好攻坚第一仗。特别是对地方品种将应保尽保,建设国家级区域性畜禽遗传资源基因库。同时,开展种业“卡脖子”技术攻关,实现肉禽、奶牛、生猪育种突破,到2025年培育新品种(配套系)5—10个。
做好动物疫病防控既是畜牧产业稳定发展的内在要求,也是保障公共卫生安全的重要组成部分。《山东省打造全国现代畜牧业齐鲁样板实施方案》提出,山东加快“无疫省”建设,力争2022年通过国家评估。
“我们不断健全标准体系,连续多年累计创建各类畜禽养殖标准化示范场5400多个,数量在全国位居第一,畜产品质量安全的基础越来越牢固。”唐建俊说道,“山东率先在胶东建成无规定动物疫病区,‘无疫省’建设顺利推进,病死畜禽集中处理率超过95%,畜禽粪污综合利用率达90%,畜产品监督抽检合格率保持在98%以上。”
针对肉蛋奶等大宗消费产品,山东省每年开展畜产品质量安全监测2万批以上,监督抽检合格率保持在98%以上。经过多年的整治和打击,目前山东省的牛奶质量安全处于历史最好水平,连续10年未检出三聚氰胺等禁用物质。
舌尖上的安全影响着每一个人的健康,伴随2020年全国饲料“禁抗令”的正式实施,十余种促生长类的药物饲料添加剂被明确禁止使用,“无抗养殖”在近几年成为畜牧行业发展的一个新方向、新模式,山东也唱响了“无抗养殖”的重头戏。
“我们做的,就是全程‘无抗养殖’。”西之盟(山东)农牧发展有限公司网络部工作人员张丛丛介绍说。在西之盟,饲料营养是源头,养殖过程是关键。通过独特的微生物发酵技术和专利制备工艺替代抗生素,让小鸡小猪喝“酸奶”,提高免疫力。“我们不仅关注原料的营养、新鲜、卫生指标,还打造了零粉尘生产车间,产出的无抗鸡蛋、无抗鸡肉、无抗猪肉在市场上非常受欢迎。我相信‘绿色+无抗’的种养一体生态养殖将是养殖业发展的必然趋势。”张丛丛说。
山东省畜产品可满足1.5亿人的消费需求,其中禽肉产量占全国的1/6。图/何延海Livestock products in Shandong Province can meet the consumer demand of 150 million people, of which poultry production accounts for 1/6 of the whole country.
鲁西南黄牛是中国名贵牛种之一。图/宋琴Southwestern Shandong Yellow Cattle is one of the rare breeds of cattle in China.
“从喂水喂料到鸡蛋的收集检测、洗澡、杀菌、分级及清粪等一系列环节,我们的蛋品生产全部采用了自动化操作生产流程。”山东牧族生态农业科技有限公司总经理王海青说,智慧养殖已成为当前山东畜牧养殖产业降低成本、提升竞争力、转型升级的重要手段。
据王海青介绍,当前山东蛋鸡养殖智慧化程度已超过80%。除了部分中小养殖户外,大部分的龙头企业全部采用智慧化养殖,从精准喂养、环控、蛋品和粪便的传送、杀菌到废弃物的转化全部实现了智能化操作。“目前我们的15万只鸡只需要两个人管理,主要负责检查设备的运转。”王海青说,随着智慧养殖的实现,他将更多精力投入到打造品牌和铺建渠道当中。
“山东启动了智慧畜牧工程,正加速推动畜牧业智慧化养殖发展。”山东省畜牧协会常务副会长兼秘书长逯岩介绍说。2019年,山东启动了智慧畜牧业示范应用基地和智能牧场创建工作,规划到2022年建设140家智慧畜牧业示范应用基地和50家智能牧场。
山东智慧畜牧工程将依托互联网、移动互联网、云计算和物联网等现代信息技术,推动产业生产智能化发展,提升经营管理信息化水平,促进畜牧安全智慧化建设。同时,山东将加快推动智能牧场、数字化育种和监管追溯、疫病防控、病死畜禽及粪污处理系统建设,推进行业监管监测一体化进程,保障畜牧产业及产品安全。
Shandong is the birthplace of China’s animal husbandry industrialization. Since the reform and opening up, a batch of new industrialized management models such as “Zhucheng Model” have risen rapidly, driving the development and growth of animal husbandry in the whole province and having developed to the top of the country.
At present, livestock products in Shandong Province can meet the consumer demand of 150 million people. The price in Shandong is generally lower than that in the whole country. It is the main supply area of high-end markets, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Zhejiang and etc. At the same time, the livestock and poultry seed industry, as an important prerequisite for the modernization of animal husbandry, is also flourishing in the land of Qilu. In the development of modern animal husbandry and the cultivation of animal products with high-quality brand, Shandong has made an outstanding achievement.
Good prevention and control of animal disease prevention is not only the internal requirement for the stable development of animal husbandry industry, but also an important part of assurance for public health safety. With the official implementation of the “injunction against antibiotics” in the national feed in 2020, more than ten species of growth promoting drug feed additives have been explicitly prohibited. Nonreactive breeding has become a new direction and model for the development of animal husbandry industry in recent years.
Since 2019, Shandong has launched the establishment of smart animal husbandry demonstration application bases and intelligent ranches. It is planned to build 140 smart animal husbandry demonstration and application bases and 50 intelligent ranches by 2022.
The project of Shandong smart animal husbandry, relying on modern information technologies, such as internet, mobile internet, cloud computing and IOT, will push forward the intelligent development of industrial production, elevate the informatization level of operation and management, promote the intelligent construction of animal husbandry safety, accelerate the construction of intelligent ranches, digital breeding and regulatory traceability, epidemic prevention and control, processing system of dead livestock and poultry and excrement, advance the integration of industry supervision and monitoring and ensure the safety of animal husbandry industry and products.
山东累计培育畜禽品种24个,其中鲁西黑头羊生产性能居国内外领先水平。图/赵广学Shandong has cultivated a total of 24 livestock and poultry breeds, among which the production performance of Luxi black head sheep takes a leading position at home and abroad.