田丹 吴薇 许青 吕迁洲 李晓宇
摘 要 目的:结合具体病例回顾酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitors,TKIs)与华法林相互作用的研究现状。方法:1例女性在合用伊马替尼和华法林半年后出现血尿,药师分析不良反应的原因并提出处理方式。结果:血尿的产生可能是伊马替尼和华法林的相互作用引起两者血中浓度升高,药效均增强的结果。药师建议立即降低华法林剂量至1.5 mg qd,5 d后复查国际标准化比值(international normalized ratio,INR)降为1.85。结论:华法林与TKIs合用应每周仔细监测INR,及时调整华法林的剂量。对于有相互作用风险的药物,伊马替尼血药浓度监测应贯穿于治疗的全程。
关键词 伊马替尼 华法林 相互作用 国际标准化比值 出血
中图分类号:R973.2; R969.2 文献标志码:B 文章编号:1006-1533(2021)19-0061-05
Hematuria caused by combination of imatinib and warfarin: a case report
TIAN Dan, WU Wei, XU Qing, LYU Qianzhou, LI Xiaoyu
(Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To review the interaction between tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and warfarin combining a specific case. Methods: A female patient developed hematuria after half a year of combination of imatinib with warfarin. The pharmacist analyzed the causes of adverse reactions and proposed the treatment methods. Results: Hematuria was probably caused by the interaction between imatinib and warfarin, which resulted in the increase of their blood concentrations and drug efficacy of imatinib and warfarin. The pharmacist suggested that the warfarin dose should be reduced to 1.5 mg qd immediately, and the international normalized ratio (INR) decreased to 1.85 after 5 days. Conclusion: INR should be carefully monitored every week when the combination of Warfarin with TKIs, and it is suggested that the dose of warfarin should be adjusted in time. For the drugs with interaction risk, the monitoring of imatinib plasma concentration should run through the whole course of treatment.
KEy wORDS imatinib; warfarin; interaction; international standardized ratio; bleeding
近幾十年来,多项单独阻断表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)、细胞间质上皮转换因子(cellular-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor,c-MET)等信号通路的单靶点分子靶向药物临床试验以失败告终,但多靶点小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitors,TKIs)却成为非常有前途的抗癌药物。随之而来,不容忽视的是TKIs与其他药物合用的潜在相互作用风险。伴随公众对药物安全使用的重视和医生对药师的信任,我们每年药品咨询窗口服务的患者数量呈倍数增长,这其中就不乏跨学科的药物指导。本文就我们遇到的案例进行文献回顾,旨在解决医生和患者的疑问。
患者,女,69岁。2021年1月14日至我院冠心病门诊随访,主诉“近期出现血尿”。该患者2014年6月于我院心内科诊断为“心房颤动”,规律服用华法林1.875 mg qd,国际标准化比值(international normalized ratio,INR)控制在1.5~2.0。2020年4月体检CT显示胃底大弯侧间质瘤,胃镜显示胃底黏膜下肿瘤,考虑胃肠道间质瘤。2020-05-29入院后行腹腔镜胃部分切除术,术前停用华法林,术后继续口服华法林1.875 mg qd。2020-06-17日病理提示胃肠道间质瘤(5 cm×3 cm),梭形细胞型,核分裂象7个/50 HPF,符合低恶性胃肠道间质瘤。免疫组化:CD117(+),CD34(+),DOG-1(+),Ki-67(8%阳性),SDHB(+)。基因检测提示:C-kit基因第11外显子第579位密码子内杂合性插入共27个碱基:CATAGACCCAACACAACTTCCTTATGA,遂予以伊马替尼400 mg qd治疗。