付利
书面表达的核心是动词的时态和语态,准 确运用动词的时态和语态是写好书面表达必 备的基本功之一。根据时间状语、固定句型和 语境提示!我们可以确定动作发生的时间。同 学们在学习时态时要抓准这些线索!把时间确 定下来,然后根据时间,用相应的动词形式去 反映。
Step %真题感知
(2020-全国甲卷)
Last weekend, my classmates and Iparticipatedin a picking activity on the Dongshan Farm, whichturned outto be meaningful and unforgettable.
Founded in the 1950s, the farm is famous and attractive, covered with a variety of fruits and colorful flowers. Many animalsare raised there as well. Wewere divided intoseveral groups in advance. Somefilledin the baskets and others carried them to the truck. What a busy scene! Wehada short break after lunch and thenwent onworking until 5: 00 pm. At about 6: 30, we allarrivedhome, exhausted but happy.
It's through this activity that Ihave realized how important teamwork is. Iwill benefit from this experience forever.
這篇文章的内容层次清晰,时态丰富、准 确o首先,作者描写了上周末的活动,所以全文 的主要时态用了一般过去时。但是介绍农场 时,因为是客观事实,所以用了一般现在时o文 章”尾时,用了现在完成时,表示过去的动作 对现在的影响。最后一句,用了一般将来时,表 示这项活动会让作者终生受益。
Step 2%法唤醒
动词的时态
一、一般时态
(一)一般现在时
On Monday mornings, it usuallytakes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
周一早晨!我一般要花费一个小时开车上 班,虽然实际距离只有20英里。
The shopopens at 8 :00 am every day.
这家商店每天上午8点开门。
The president hopes that the people will be better off when hequits than when he started.
这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上 任时更富有。
( )一 去时
的动作。常与often、usually、seldom等表示频度 的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发 生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有关系,常 与yesterday、the other day、last week等表示过去 的时间状语连用。
一Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here? I
haven't seen you around.
一Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I juststarted on Monday.
——嗨,我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我没有 在附近见过你。
---- 你好,彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一才开始 住在这儿。
Edward, you play so well. But Ididn't know you played the piano.
爱德华,你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道 你会弹钢琴。
(三)一般将来时
时的。
一What time is it?
一I have no idea. But just a minute, Iwill check it for you.
一一 ?
——我不知道。你稍等,我给你查查。
Dr Smith, together with his wife and daughters,is going to visit Beijing this summer.
将在 的 子与
儿一 。
等。
(1 (Youare to hand in your paper by 10 o'clock.
到10点你必须得交上试卷。
(2)A meetingis to be held at 3 o'clock this afternoon.
会 将于 3 。
Tomwas about to close the windowswhen his attention was caught by a bird.
汤姆正要关上窗户,就在这时一只鸟引起 的。
、 时态
(一)现在 时
We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
我们今天正面对一个陌生的新世界,并且 我们都在想我们要如何运用它。
Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there's none left.
洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须 在 动。
( )过去 时
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正 在进行的动作,常同表示过去的时间状语从 句,以及at that time、at that moment、at this time yesterday 等连用。
Susan had quit her well-paid job andwas
working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
苏珊已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年我去探 望她的时候,她正在一个社区里做志愿者。
Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.
断电时,杰克正在实验室里工作。
(三)将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生 或进行的动作,常与一些标志性的时间状语连 用,如 at this time tomorrow、by then、from 1 :30 pm to 4: 30 pm tomorrow等。
Jane can"t attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.
简不能参加今天下午三点的会议,因为那 个时间段她正在上课。
三、完成时态
(一)现在完成时
China's high-speed railways have grown from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
在过去的几年里,中国的高速铁路里程已 经从9,000千米增长到25,000千米。
一I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?
一Sorry, I haven't played the piano for years.
——我記得你在大学时是一位极有才华 的钢琴家。你能为我弹钢琴吗?
——抱歉,我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
Will you come to my office when you have finished your work?
你完成工作后到我办公室来一下,好吗?
( )过去完成时
(1 )When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I hadn't seen for years.
当沿着街道散步的时候,我遇见了多年未 的。
(2)By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college.
当杰克从英格兰回到家中时,他的儿子已 经 了。
It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.
很久以后我才完全领会到他们为我所做 的一 。
过去完成时表示过去 实现 实现 的希望或计划。
I had intended to call on you yesterday,
but I had an unexpected visitor.
昨天我本来打算去拜访你,但是来了一位 不速之客。
四、完成进行时
(一) 表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或 产生的状态一直延续到现在,并有可能继续下 去,常用的时间状语:all this morning、this month# these few days、since和for引导的状语从句等。
The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
从上午九点开始,经理就一直在告诉工人 们如何改进这个项目。
(二) 表示动作有时并不是一直在不停地进 行,而是在断断续续地重复。
The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.
学生们一直在刻苦学习功课,他们的努力 (将来)一定会得到回报的。
被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓 语之间的关系o英语中的语态分为主动语态和被 动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被 动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
Yesterday I parked my car outside the school.( 动语态)
昨天我把我的汽车停在了学校外边。
I was invited to the concert.(被动语态)
我被邀请参加音乐会。
一、 被动语态的构成
被动语态由“系动词be+及物动词的过去分 词”构成,be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。同 时!被动语态还可使用“get+过去分词”结构。
二、 被动语态的基本用法
被动语态的使用场合:
1. 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者;
2. 需要突出或强调动作的承受者。
(1) A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.
一个 人 生 了 个
被困在山里两天的游客。
(2) My washing machine is being repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
这周我的洗衣机正在维修,所以我不得不 手洗衣服。
:
1. 有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语 态。常见的有:have (有)、cost (花费)、lack (缺 少)、own (拥有)、belong to (屬于)、take part in (参加)等。
2. 不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态"常见的有:happen/take place/occur(发生)、remain (继续存在)、break out(爆发)、last(持续)、come out (出版)、come up (被提出)、lose heart (失去 信心)、date from/back to (追溯到)、run out (用 完)等。
三、主动形式表示被动意义
1 .当 系动词 feel、sound、taste、look、smell、 appear、seem、turn、stay、become、get、grow、keep 等+形容词构成系表结构时,常常以主动形式 表示被动意义。
This kind of wool shirt feels soft.
这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。
2.当 sell、read、cut、wash、write、open、wear、 run、burn等不及物动词后带状语(wellAeasily 等)修饰!用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时! 用主动形式表示被动含义。
Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers.
你买最近销量很好的那本书了吗?我认为 它非常适合我们青少年。
Step 3单句过手
1. I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make) over the years.
2. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
3. On the last day of our week-long stay, we (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
4. Diets have changed in China一and so has its top crop. Since 2011, the country
(grow) more corn than rice.
5. Later, engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道),which became known as the tube.
6. Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school (come) first. #
7. During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I (find) a big change there.
8. I didn't realize how right my parents (be) until I entered high school.
9. It was Monday morning, and the writing class just (begin).
10. When summer (come), they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables.
11. About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and (become) a new member of the school music club.
12. I (grow) not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.
Step 4语篇活用
假定你是李华,你校摄影俱乐部(Photo- graphy Club)将举办国际中学生摄影展。请给 你的英国朋友Peter写一封信,邀请他提供作 品,内容包括:
1. 主題为“环境保护”;
2. 展览时间;
3. 投稿邮箱:intlp holos how @gms c hool. como 注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,