文物的离合

强雯

2020年底，位于重庆南岸区的故宫文物南迁纪念馆向市民初步开放。抗战期间，这里曾保存了3694箱故宫南迁文物。追溯这段渊源，不禁让人感叹，故宫离我们并不远，它曾经就在我们身边。此刻，再来读一读曾经的畅销书《两个故宫的离合》，倒也十分应景。

此书为日本《朝日新闻》资深记者野岛刚所著，他以第三者眼光观察两岸的故宫问题，借此剖析文物之重。其谈论的虽然是北京故宫与台北故宫分分合合、错综复杂的故事，但揭开种种遗憾、角逐，只有一个观点，“能够证明中国历史悠久的证据里面，基本上没有家族、血统这个要素。”“人没有过去就不可能有现在，而继承过去的就是文物。”

今天文博以及大众考古事业如此兴旺，仍能从此书中找到答案。

全国各地都在重现遗址，打捞石刻残碑，引入文创园区。全国、省级、市区乃至县级重点文保单位的不断升级，资金的入驻，并非因為财大气粗，都是文物乃政治的观念为支撑。

比如《国家宝藏》栏目的强势推广、大足石刻招标5.5亿提档升级、故宫文创年年推新，除了展览，《故宫上新了》等纪录片的出现，也可看到其巨大的挥金之臂，重庆故宫南迁文物纪念馆的开放，也是对文博的“朝天”之举。

一些掩埋故纸堆的文博类旧书也得以再版面世。如沈从文的《中国古代服饰研究》、日本学者伊东忠太的《中国纪行》，他们从专业的考古视野介入，各有所长。客观来看，在如此高歌猛进的大环境中，这些小众专业的图书进入百姓视野，是好事，至少在这个时代你不阅读它们就跟不上潮流。国民素质的普及工作如此甚好。

一代考古学家的“心血”以各种形式得以出版、再版，是好事。《夏鼐日记》《苏秉琦文集》光复而现，照亮曾经艰苦奠基的中华考古之路。

健在的巫鸿、李零等人的考古专著让人目不暇接。图书宣传营销的猛烈，一代考古文学学者的标签，灼烧读者双眼。行内有一句话，考古是有一份材料说一份话。李零情感堆砌的豪迈式考古图书，越来越难以被普通大众真正接受。既要专业，又要普及的李零式图书，陷入尴尬。

苦了读者，只恨看书速度比不上考古名家们的写书速度。

时势造名家。在世的名家尚且如此，更不用说洪涛之中，泥沙俱下。各种文博类出版物蜂拥而现，出版社和作者都在抢这块蛋糕。《博物馆之美》《从考古发现中国》《化石的故事》《博物之旅》这些书都趁着一股热流而现，作家、驴友、地方志土专家，或积极或被动地卷入这个写作大营。当一个现代徐霞客，查找一些资料，也能乘坐这艘大船，以各种方式展现他们对考古的情感认知，知识认知。

但书却乏善可陈，让人失望。

在现行文博事业兴盛的今天，客观上是好事，国民素质提高了，但是也有不少盲流，觉得文化大过了天，其实文化背后的政治站位并不十分清楚。“在中国历史上，文化几乎等同于政治。文化是用来证明政治权力的道具，也是权力与社会，权力与历史的指标。”对大陆和台湾两个故宫的纠葛，野岛刚从一个日本学者的角度做了解读。

那么今时今日波涛汹涌的文博浪潮，销金吞银的相关产业，你感动了吗？看懂了吗？《两个故宫的离合》不仅是一本畅销书，也会是一本常销书。当下的文博、考古热只会更加并且持续热烈，而卷入其中的大众、平民，在文化大浪击打之下能不能保持清醒和自制，克服狂热和盲目的感动，实在是一个亟需认真对待的问题。

文博这件衣裳，怎么穿，在于穿者，而并非衣服本身。《两个故宫的离合》所讲述的故事，从一个侧面提供了一种冷静的参考。

At the end of 2020， the Memorial for Southward Migration of Palace Museum Cultural Relics in Nan’an District of Chongqing was basic open to the public. During the Anti- Japanese Invasion War， 3，694 boxes of cultural relics were preserved here after being migrated southward from the Museum. Tracing back to the story， we cannot help sighing that the Forbidden City has not been far from us， and it is around us. At this moment， reading the best-seller The Separation and Reunion of the Two Palace Museums seems fitting.

It was written by Tsuyoshi Nojima， a senior reporter of Japan’s "Asahi Shimbun". As a third party， he observed the two Palace Museums across the Taiwan Strait， thereby analyzing the importance of cultural relics. Although the book talks about complicated stories of the separation and reunion of Beijing Palace Museum and National Palace Museum in Taipei， there is only one view behind all regrets and competitions， which is "basically， no family or lineage can prove the extensive and profound history of China." "People can’t have present life without knowing the history， and what inherits the history is cultural relics."

Today， cultural and popular archaeological undertakings are so prosperous that we can still find answers in the book.

Nationwide， ruins are being uncovered， stone carvings and monuments unearthed， and cultural and creative industrial parks introduced. Constant upgrading and investment in key cultural protection units at the national， provincial， municipal， and even township levels is backed not by the deep pockets， but the idea that "cultural relic is politics".

For example， the strong promotion of the "National Treasure" column， the bidding for 550 million yuan for maintaining Dazu Rock Carvings， and the annual upgrading of the Palace Museum have shown a great deal of national investment. In addition to exhibitions， documentaries such as "There’s Something New in the Palace Museum" also explain it. The opening of the Memorial for Southward Migration of Palace Museum Cultural Relics in Nan’an District of Chongqing is another move to be made in culture.

Some previous books of art and culture have been republished. For instance， Shen Congwen’s Research on Ancient Chinese Garment and Japanese scholar Ito Chuta’s Journey to China， have cast a professional insight from archaeology with different preferences. Objectively speaking， it is good news that these marginal professional books are read by the people in such a fast-pace society. At least in the era， you can’t keep pace with the trend without reading them. The popularization of national quality gets paid off.

It deserves a round of applause that works of "painstaking efforts" of former archaeologists have been published and reprinted in various forms. The republished Diary of Xia Nai and Collected Works of Su Bingqi have blazed the trail of the Chinese archaeology.

Wu Hong， Li Ling and other archaerologists who are alive today are also productive. Publicity and marketing of archaeological books of those scholars of archaeological literature have given readers a wide range of choices. In the archaeological community， people believe that archaeology should be faithful to facts and truth. Li Ling’s heroic yet emotional archaeological books are increasingly hard to be digested by the public. It is an embarassing myth to publicize both professional and Li Ling-style books.

It is regrettable that readers cannot read books as fast as archaeological scholars have their works published.

A great scholar is known in the time of misfortune. It is the real case with those alive， not to mention those in the past mysterious times. The flood of cultural publications has prompted publishers and writers to share a cup of gravy. Books such as The Beauty of Museum， China in Archaeology， Story of Fossils and Journey to Natural Resources have made writers， travelers and local chronicles experts actively or passively jump on the bandwagon. A modern Xu Xiake can also show his or her own emotional cognition and knowledge of archaeology in various ways after searching for some information.

However， quite a few books are disappointing.

The current flourishing cultural and museum undertakings are objectively applaudable for the national quality has improved. However， many people just follow the crowd， thinking that culture is everything. In fact， politics does not hold a clear posture in culture. "In Chinese history， culture has almost been synonymous with politics. Culture is a tool to prove political power， and also an indicator of power and society， and power and history." Tsuyoshi Nojima interpreted the entanglements between the two Palace Museums in China’s mainland and Taiwan as a Japanese scholar.

So， have you been touched by today’s profitable cultural and museum industries？ Or， have you understood them？ The Separation and Reunion of Two Palace Museums is not only a best-seller， but also a regularly-sold book. It needs to be taken seriously whether the ordinary people can keep calm and restrained from the blind crowd pursuing profits in the current industries of culture and museums.

The value of culture and museums lies in people who get involved in them and how so， but not themselves. Stories told in the book give us a chance from another perspective to remain calm.