赵杨答
【问】 在They married young. 这句话中,young应该怎么理解?请老师帮忙解答一下。
(湖北武汉_董_杰)
【答】 从表面上看,young似乎是修饰谓语married的。但实际上,它是修饰主语they的。有些语言学家把这里的young称作主语补语。再如:
He came drunk. 他醉醺醺地回来了。
可以充当此类主语补语的除形容词外,还有名词短语。例如:
He died a hero. 他壮烈牺牲。
Two years later he returned a learned man.两年以后他回来时已是一位学者了。
She died a widow. 她死的时候是个寡妇。
【问】 请问more than都有什么用法?
(河南安阳_刘_阳)
【答】 (1) “more than + 数词”表示“……以上;多于……;……有余”。例如:
More than 100 chemical elements are known to man; of these, about 80 are metal. 人类已知的化学元素有一百种以上,其中约有八十种是金属。
(2) “more than +名词(名词从句或起名词作用的动词不定式)”一般可以译作“不只;不仅;超过;远不止;不同于”等。例如:
We must consider more than the beginning of the motion, however. 然而,我们必须考虑的不只是运动的初始阶段。
Peace is much more than the absence of war. 和平不仅仅是意味着没有战争。
Mathematics, much more than technology, has a life of its own independent of science. 数学与技术不同,它本身有一段不依赖于科学的历史。
(3) “more than + 动词”一般可译作“十分;大大地;远远地;深为;岂止是”等。例如:
I am sure conditions over there will more than satisfy your requirements. 我相信,那边的条件会大大地满足你的要求。
He more than smiled, he laughed outright. 他岂止是微笑,他简直是大笑了。
(4) “more than + 形容词或副词”在语义上表示很高的程度,常常可以译作“非常;十分;更加”等。例如:
He is more than selfish. 他非常自私。
She was more than old-fashioned, she was antediluvian. 她不单是守旧,她简直就是个老古董。
【问】 —Are you done with the book I gave you? —Not quite. I’ve read all but the last chapter. 句中的are you done with 应该怎么理解?句中的主语不就是动作的发出者吗,为什么要用被动语态呢?
(山东青岛 刘 莹)
【答】 在一般的句子里,be done with 的主语是动作的承受者。例如:
She interrupted him before his speech was done. 他尚未结束发言,她就打断了他。
He arrived after dinner was done. 饭做好后他才到。
英语中还有一个have done(with) 结构,在这个结构中,动词的主语也是动作的发出者。例如:
When you have done, come back! 你干完了就回来!
Let us have done with it. 让我们把这件事做完吧。
be done with 是一个特殊结构,它的主语并不是动作的承受者,而是动作的发出者。这是跟其语法结构相矛盾的。例如:
I wish to be done with my task. 我希望把我的工作干完。
Are you done with the newspaper? 你读完那份报纸了吗?
适用于这种情况的还有be finished 结构。这时be finished 表示动作的结果或状态。例如:
At last I was finished on time. 我终于按时完成了。
We are not finished, quite a little is left to do. 我们还没有完成,还有不少的工作要做。
【问】 There at the door stood a girl about the same height ____. (A. as me B. as mine C. with mine D. with me) 此题答案是B,而下面一道题: I have the same opinion ____. (A. like yours B. as yours C. like you D. as you) 答案却是D。我对这两道题的区别之处十分不解,希望老师帮助解释一下。
(河北黄骅 邓 方)
【答】這两道题主要考查的是代词的用法。做这类选择题时要看代词指代的是什么,要保持代词和所指代的词在人称、格、性质和数上保持一致。例如:
Because he had a bad cold, Jack decided to stay in bed the whole day. 杰克由于患了重感冒,决定一整天卧床休息。(代词he代替名词Jack)
The Browns said they might move to California. 布朗一家说他们也许要搬到加利福尼亚州去。(代词they代替名词短语the Browns)
Bob always answers his teacher’s questions well; that shows that he works very hard at home. 鲍勃一向对老师的问题回答得很好;这说明他在家学习很用功。(代词that代替前面的分句)
I had a chat with our group leader. It was very helpful. 我和组长谈了一次话。这次谈话对我帮助很大。(代词it 代替前面整个句子)
第一道题的意思是:在门口站着一个和我一样高的女孩。那个女孩的身高和我的身高一样,mine 是名词性物主代词,名词性物主代词在意思上就等于名词性物主代词相对应的形容词性物主代词加上一个名词。例如:
This is your pen. Mine is in the box. (Mine = My pen)
第二道题的意思是:我和你有一样的看法,主要是“我”和“你”之间的对比。如果想表达“我的意见和你的意见一样”,可以说:My opinion is the same as yours.强调“我的意见”和“你的意见”之间的对比。所以本题应该选D。