被动语态复习要点指南

李晓梦

英語有两种语态形式：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词发出动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词发出动作的承受者。这里主要讲一下被动语态的使用方法。

一、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。

一般现在时的被动语态：am / is /are+动词的过去分词;

一般过去时的被动语态：was /were+动词的过去分词;

一般将来时的被动语态：will be+动词的过去分词;

现在进行时的被动语态：am / is /are+being+动词的过去分词;

现在完成时的被动语态：have / has+been+动词的过去分词。

二、被动语态的用法

1. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如：

This book was  published  in 1971.

2. 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。如：

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.

三、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后to仍要保留。如：

This bike can be repaired in two days.

四、使用被动语态时的几个注意点

1. 感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如feel， look， seem， taste， sound等。如：

This song sounds good.

2. read， sell， wash， write， wear等作不及物动词时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：

This book sells well.

3. 在主动语态中，hear，see等感官动词和make等使役动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中，动词不定式中的to不能省略。如：

They were made to do some housework.

4. 不及物动词没有被动语态。

练兵场

1. _________a new library_________in our school last year？

A. Is;built                  B. Was;built

C. Does;build                D. Did;build

2. English_________in Canada.

A. speaks                      B. are spoken

C. is speaking                  D. is spoken

3. This English song_________by the girls after class.

A. often sings                  B. often sang

C. is often sang              D. is often sung

4. An accident_________on this road last week.

A. has been happened            B. was happened

C. is happened                  D. happened

5. So far，the moon_________by man already.

A. is visited                  B. will be visited

C. has been visited            D. was visited

6. This kind of car_________in Japan.

A. makes                        B. made

C. is making                    D. is made

7. Our room must_________clean.

A. keep                        B. be kept

C. to be kept                  D. to keep

8. Doctors_________in every part of the world.

A. need                        B. are needing

C. are needed                  D. will need

9. Her new book_________next month.

A. will be published B. is publishing

C. is being published D. has been published

10. Why_________to talk about it yesterday？

A. didn’t a meeting hold B. wasn’t a meeting held

C. wasn’t held a meeting D. a meeting wasn’t held

答案：1—5 BDDDC 6—10 DBCAB