刘素庚
1. 【句型回顾】Unless I do, we’ll be lost. 如果我不这样做,我们就会迷路。
【解析】连词unless意为“除非……如果不……”“除了……”,多引导一个否定意义的真实条件从句,有时也可引导非真实条件从句。unless在意义上相当于if...not,因此在有些场合中unless与if...not可互换使用。主句是一般将来时态时,unless引导的真实条件从句用一般现在时。例:
There will be less pollution unless more people use public transportation.
如果没有更多的人使用公共交通工具,污染就会减少。
Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too busy. = If you are not too busy, let’s go out for a walk.
如果你不忙的话,我们可以出去走走。
【最新中考题】(2020·内蒙古·包头)She says that she’ll have to close the restaurant the business improved. A. if B. after C. unless D. when
【答案剖析】句意:她说她将不得不关闭餐馆,除非生意好转。所以选C。
2. 【句型回顾】More recently, most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade Center in New York was taken down by terrorists.
最近,大多数美国人还记得当纽约世贸中心被恐怖分子摧毁时他们在做什么。
【解析】宾语从句根据连接词不同大致分为三类:
1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。例:
You tell me (that)you lost the money at school. 你告诉我你在学校丢了钱。
2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。例:
He hasn’t decided if he’ll go on a trip to Wuhan. 他还没决定是否去武汉旅行。
3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。例:
Do you know which class he is in?你知道他在哪个班吗?
使用宾语从句应注意以下几点:
1)要用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。
2)时态的变化:
①如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的某种时态。例:
I don’t know when he will come back from work. 我不知道他将何时下班。
He tells me that his brother came back yesterday. 他告诉我他哥哥昨天回来了。
②如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要选用过去的某种时态,即:一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。例:
The children didn’t know who he was. 孩子们不知道他是誰。
He asked his father how they would go to the big city.
他问他父亲他们如何去那个大城市。
③如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。例:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。
3)人称、数与主句应保持一致。例:
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. 李明希望他能很快回来。
【最新中考题】1)(2020·江苏·南通)—Mr. Li, could you please tell me ?
—Sorry, I’m not sure. You can ask Miss Xiao.
A. where was Chinese Kung fu taught
B. how often is the dragon boat race held
C. when the ancient Silk Road started
D. how much is the Chinese painting there
2)(2020·山东·青岛)—Lily, could you tell me ?
— About ten minutes.
A. how far is it from your home to school
B. how far it is from your home to school
C. how long does it take you to walk to school
D. how long it takes you to walk to school
【答案剖析】1)tell me后应用陈述句语序,排除A,B,D,所以选C。
2)宾语从句用陈述语序,排除A、C。由答语“About ten minutes”可推知是询问时间,因此选D。how far是询问距离。