杨倩琳
2017版《普通高中英语课程标准》着力发展学生的核心素养。英语学习活动观中的“活动”目标指向核心素养发展,既是学生学习英语的基本形式,也是英语课堂教学的基本组织形式,集语言、思维、文化为一体,依据不同层次的活动目标。《普通高中英语课程标准》指引着教师如何撰写教案,如何更好地分析教材,上好每一堂课。自2020年9月以来,湖南省开始使用牛津译林(2020版)高中英语新教材。新教材将原来译林版《牛津高中英语》教材中的Task 板块改为 Integrated skills 板块,要求学生通过听、读或看输入,然后再产出,同时关注输入材料的价值取向、思维能力的训练。任务设计重在贯彻落实“综合性技能训练”和“技能融合發展”的教材编写理念,指导学生在教材“四步一体”的活动设计框架下,完成由理解性技能向表达性技能的过渡,最后让学生在说和写的输出性活动中,实现话题相关知识与综合语言技能的融合。我以牛津译林(2020版)高中英语必修一 Unit4 Integrated skill:plastic surgery版块教学内容为例并结合2017版《普通高中英语课程标准》新提出的英语学科核心素养,谈谈如何基于英语学习活动观设计教学活动。
一 、理论基础
《课程标准》指出,英语学习活动观是在主题意义的引领下,通过学习理解、应用实践、迁移创新等一系列体现综合性、关联性和实践性等特点的英语学习活动,使学生基于已有知识,依托不同类型的语篇,在分析问题和解决问题的过程中促进自身语言知识学习、语言技能发展、文化内涵理解、多元思维发展、价值取向判断和学习策略运用[1]。指向语言能力、文化意识、思维品质、学习能力等学科核心素养综合发展的英语活动课程应是基于学科思维和大单元观念的实践课程,课堂活动应基于学生的社会阅历、认知水平和发展愿望,能激发其参与兴趣[2]。这要求教师改善教学设计不合理、内容相关性不强及忽略学生思维品质发展的课堂教学现状,设计有思维层次、联系生活实际、有学科育人目标的教学活动。
二、Integrated skills板块教学设计
(一)教材分析
本板块以“整形手术”为话题。本版块首先介绍John Wilson和Ella Edwards两人的整容小故事,引出整容的利弊,语篇主题为“人与自我”。再有一则关于“整形手术利弊”的新闻报道,通过播放听力的方式,将材料设计为判断正误题和填空题。最后介绍议论文文体特点、PRE写作结构、语言特点。本版块以活动为导向,通过一系列读、听、说、写活动,要求学生对“整形手术”这一话题发表个人观点,从中领悟美与健康的真谛。
(二)学情分析
本班学生英语基础较好,学习态度较认真,学习热情高。学生已基本具备在阅读中获取信息的能力,部分学生能用英语自信地表达观点。但是多数学生在理解和整合知识、逻辑推理和分析论证观点,以及批判评价方面的能力都比较欠缺。此外,虽然学生对“整形手术”有一定程度的了解,但存在一定的偏见,未能全面地看待问题。同时本班学生混合型和结果型学习风格居多,因此,课堂教学要通过视频、图片、录音等多种媒介,调动学生的各种感官,提高学习效率;并通过设置任务引领学生步步深入,最终达成教学目标。
(三)教学目标
表达对整形手术的看法
了解议论文结构并完成关于整形手术的作文
意识到美丽和健康的重要性
(四)设计思路
1.导入
Class begins. Good morning, boys and girls. Sit down please. Today, we are going to have a new topic and we’ ll have a competition. Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4. So, put up your hands, answer my questions and fight for your group. In the end, you will find your group points very important because we are going to use these points to create something.
Before we watch a video about our new topic, think about two questions:
(1) Why did the lady want to change her appearance?
(2) How did she make it?
Now, let’s watch a video.
You are so clever.
Recently, plastic surgery has become a heated topic. We can see it on newspapers. A man and a woman have also received plastic surgery. Let’s read two news stories and find out more information.
【设计意图】提高语言能力:表达个人观点和情感态度,体现意图和价值取向。
2.阅读
活动一:扫读
学生阅读书上两则故事,回答问题“Is plastic surgery good for him/her?”并根据文中内容给出理由。
活动二:给文中选出一个合适的标题
老师给出两个标题,让学生给两则故事分别选出合适的标题。
Now, 2 minutes for you to read the first passage. Think about the question: Is plastic surgery good for him? Tell me the reasons according to the passage. If you have finished, put up your hands!
You have done a good job! Are these words or phrases about the advantages or disadvantages? Yes, advantages.
How about this story? Also, two minutes for you. Tell me the reasons according to the passage. Are these words or phrases about the advantages or disadvantages? Of course, disadvantages.
After you get the information, can you choose the best title for these two news stories?
Title 1: Woman regrets plastic surgery
Title 2: Plastic surgery helps man with burn marks
【設计意图】1. 运用寻读的阅读策略,找出文章中描述的整容利弊的细节信息。2. 运用略读的阅读策略,为文章确定一个合适的标题。3. 语言能力: 获取、概括信息。
3.听力
For more information, let’s listen to Alice’s report. Listen and complete the notes.
Now, let’s check the answers.
Who can tell me the advantages in her report?
How about the disadvantages of plastic surgery?
学生完成书中Alice关于整形手术的报道,完成填空练习。
Advantages of plastic surgery
It is the easiest way to help people improve their (1)___________.
It helps people build their (2)_______________.
Disadvantages of plastic surgery
It is very (3)___________.
It carries serious (4)____________. Patients may suffer health problems after failed plastic surgery operations or even (5) _____ during operations.
The (6) ________ of plastic surgery might be different from what people (7) ________.
【设计意图】1. 训练学生的听力技能,获得更多的关于整容利弊的信息。2. 培养语言能力: 获取、概括信息。
4.辩论
After hearing Alice’s report, I’d like to hear your voices. You have 5 minutes to prepare for the debate about plastic surgery. G1&G2 talk about the advantages. G3&G4 talk about the disadvantages. One point of advantage and then one point of disadvantage. You can use these good expressions.
Now, time is up. Let’s begin our debate. Advantages try first!
I like your point! Sounds great! I’ll give you one point.
【设计意图】1.巩固并整合所学语言和内容,学生小组合作讨论。2.培养学生合作能力。
5.微课
After debating, we know everyone has his/ her opinion about plastic surgery. How would you express your opinion? Now, let’s watch a video and learn how to write an argument essay.
微课讲解内容:
议论文结构:提出问题、分析问题、解决问题
第一段:提出问题
导入话题
1. Recently, we had a discussion on whether we should…(导入话题).
2. Recently, more and more people have …(导入话题).
第二段:分析问题
观点有分歧
正方观点+1-2个赞成的理由
反方观点+1-2个反对的理由
Our opinions are divided on this topic(观点有分歧). Most of the students support it. (正方观点)Here are the reasons. First… Second…Finally(1-2个赞成的理由) However, the others are strongly against it.(反方观点)Their reasons are as follows. In the first place… What’s more… In addition…(1-2个反对的理由)
第三段:解决问题
下结论
In my opinion/ In conclusion, I firmly believe that…
连接词或短语:
顺序关系:
To begin with/ First of all/ Lastly/ In the end/ Last but not least
列举关系:
Besides/ What's more/ In addition
个人观点
In my opinion/ Personally speaking/ From my point of view/ As far as I am concerned
总结
In conclusion/ In a word/ In short/ So/ Therefore
分析范文:
Recently, we had a discussion on whether we should have plastic surgery.
Our opinions are divided on this topic. Most of the students support it. Here are the reasons. First, it can help people build their self-confidence. Second, it can change people’s appearance, especially for those who have physical disability. However, the others are strongly against it. Their reasons are as follow. To begin with, it is very expensive. What’s more, it carries serious health risks.
In conclusion, I firmly believe that a healthy lifestyle is more important, so plastic surgery does more harm than good to us.
【设计意图】拓展话题内容,掌握议论文结构,为接下来的写作做准备。
6.写作
Now, you have 6 minutes to write an argument essay about the advantages and disadvantages of plastic surgery. Here are 4 papers.
Group 1: write Para 1
Group 2: write Advantages in Para 2
Group 3: write Disadvantages in Para 2
Group 4: write Para 3
Work together and write down your paragraph in groups.
If your group has finished, group leader please come to the front, read the sentences on the paper and put the paper on the blackboard.
【设计意图】培养语言能力: 较为熟练地整合性运用已有英语语言知识。
三、评价与反思
本课的设计难点有以下几个方面:(1)上课时间有限,需要教的内容多。因为是要作为公开课比赛的内容,主办方要求要将其本该是2个课时的内容压缩成1个课时。按照译林出版社的建议,第一课时主要完成语言的输入:阅读与听力,第二课时是依照输入的信息,针对主题,完成语言的输出:讨论与写作。在磨课的过程中,听课老师们给我提的建议都是“一定要根据课文主题:plastic surgery展开,并充分利用阅读和听力给学生足够多的语言输入,再进行语言的输出。”(2)教材中设置的题目未能适应大部分学生,尤其是听力部分。听力的题型与高考题型完全不同,第一个听力题是判断正误,第二题是填空。这对学生的水平要求很高。而又因为上课时间受限,因而教师必须要自己仔细研读教材,挖掘出对之后的讨论和写作有利的信息,将其变成一种新的听力题,与此同时,还需要考虑到听力策略的教授。
英语学习活动观的三个层次教学活动既促进教师的专业成长,又能发展学生的思维。落实英语学习活动观的Integrated skills板块教学需考虑一下三个方面的问题:[3]
(一)思维层次性
本课以视频导入,通过观看一个女人整容前后的样貌,以及她面部呈现出来的对整容的态度,学生开始对整容手术有了一定的了解和判断。通过之后阅读、听力中输入的各种信息,学生进一步加深对整容利弊的了解。之后通过小组合作,他们将知识输出,进行辩论、议论文写作。学生在老师的引导下,思维层层递进,得到提高。
(二)课堂时效性
我将本课的教学应用在我参加全市高中英语教师同课异构的比赛中,并荣获一等奖。在导入时,学生就被视频所吸引,学习兴趣高涨。通过反复的试课,我将课文中的阅读、听力材料进行修改,引导学生充分利用教材资源,获取关于整形手术利弊的信息。在最后展示小组的写作段落时,课堂非常活跃,这表明同学们都想写出一篇满意的关于整形手术的议论文,达到了预设的教学目的。
(三)育人价值性
在这个崇尚美的时代,越来越多的人选择整形手术。此时的高中学生正处于价值观的塑造时期。如果他们现在对万事万物缺乏理性思考,思考利弊,当他们离开校园,进入社会,便可能受社会不良风气的影响盲目整容,一味追求美而忽视其弊端。
但在教学中,时间有待进一步科学分配,其中理解篇章中所花时间超出预设,以至于学生在合作学习中时间不够充分,学生能够生成自己对于成长意义的理解,但是理解还不够丰富。今后在教学中应科学分配时间,为学生进行高阶思维活动提供充分的时间。
综上所述,英语学习活动观在考查听说读写综合能力的Integrated skills板块有一定的优势。
参考文献:
中华人民共和国教育部制定. 普通高中英语课程标准: 2017年版 [M]. 北京: 人民教育出版社, 2018.
梅德明. 王薔. 改什么?如何教?怎样考?:高中英语新课标解析[M]. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社,2018.
王佳丽. 基于英语学习活动观 促进学生思维新发展——以Unit 1 Integrated Skills为例[J]. 英语教师,2021, (10): 98-102.