五味子藤茎中萜类和木脂素类成分的研究

2021-03-29 14:38陈张林吴丹丹周媛媛匡海学杨炳友
中成药 2021年6期
关键词:无定形分子式三氯甲烷

刘 艳,陈张林,吴丹丹,周媛媛,匡海学,杨炳友*

(1.黑龙江中医药大学北药基础与应用研究教育部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040;2.扬子江药业集团江苏龙凤堂中药有限公司,江苏 泰州 225300)

五味子藤茎为木兰科五味子属植物五味子Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.的干燥藤茎[1],习称“山花椒藤”,主要分布于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁等省,自古民间将其用作调味剂和滋补强壮剂,并用来主治感冒、肺虚咳喘等疾病[2]。现代研究表明,五味子藤茎具有神经细胞保护[3]、预防治疗老年痴呆[4]等生物活性,但它每年被大量剪掉[5],资源浪费严重,其化学成分与北五味子相似,极具研究价值[6]。基于此,本实验对五味子藤茎的95%乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,获得13 个萜类和8 个木脂素类化合物,其中化合物1~3、8~10、12、13为首次从五味子属植物中分离得到。

1 材料

Bruker-400 超导核磁共振光谱仪(德国Bruker公司);e2695-2998-2424 HPLC 色谱仪(美国Waters 公司);LC-6AD HPLC 色谱仪(日本Shimadzu 公司);Q-TOF(ESI)高分辨质谱仪(美国Waters 公司);SunFire C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm;10 mm×250 mm,5 μm,美国Waters 公司);柱色谱用硅胶(80~100、200~300 目,青岛海洋化工厂);柱色谱用ODS(ODS-A-HG,50 μm,日本YMC 公司);Silicagel60 F254薄层色谱硅胶板(德国Merck 公司);Rp-18 薄层色谱反相板(德国Merck 公司)。柱色谱用化学试剂(分析纯,天津富宇精细化工有限公司);甲醇(色谱纯,百灵威科技有限公司)。

五味子藤茎采收于黑龙江省饶河林业局,经黑龙江中医药大学药学院药用植物教研室樊锐锋副教授鉴定为木兰科植物五味子Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.的干燥藤茎,标本(20130985)保存于黑龙江中医药大学中药化学实验室。

2 提取与分离

取干燥药材25 kg,95%乙醇加热回流提取3次,每次2 h,滤过,减压回收溶剂,得乙醇提取物4.58 kg,出膏率为18.3%。将乙醇提取物与水均匀混悬,通过HPD-100 型大孔吸附树脂柱色谱,依次用50%、95%乙醇洗脱,收集各组分洗脱液,回收溶剂,得50%乙醇洗脱组分1.07 kg、95%乙醇洗脱组分1.93 kg。95%乙醇组分(240 g)通过硅胶柱色谱,CH2Cl2-CH3OH(100∶1~0∶1)梯度洗脱,洗脱液反复经过TLC 分析鉴别后合并,最终得到14 个流分,即Fr.A~Fr.N。

Fr.C 经硅胶柱以CH2Cl2-CH3OH(50∶1~0∶1)进行洗脱分离,得组分Fr.C-1~Fr.C-10,其中Fr.C-5、Fr.C-7 经半制备型HPLC(CH3OHH2O)分离得化合物12(13.1 mg)、10(5.7 mg)。Fr.D 经硅胶柱以CH2Cl2-CH3OH(50∶1~0∶1)梯度洗脱,分离得组分Fr.D-1~Fr.D-9,其中Fr.D-4 经半制备型HPLC(CH3OH-H2O,56∶44)分离得化合物15(28.0 mg)。Fr.E 经硅胶柱以CH2Cl2-CH3OH(50∶1~0∶1)梯度洗脱,分离得组分Fr.E-1~Fr.E-11,其中Fr.E-4 经半制备型HPLC 以CH3OH-H2O(52∶48)分离得化合物8(4.8 mg)。Fr.F 经硅胶柱以CH2Cl2-CH3OH(30∶1~0∶1)梯度洗脱,分离得组分Fr.F-1~Fr.F-10,其中Fr.F-5 经半制备型HPLC,以CH3OH-H2O(49∶ 51)分离得化合物9(3.2 mg),Fr.F-6 经半制备型HPLC 以CH3OH-H2O(47∶53)分离得化合物14(4.8 mg),Fr.F-7 经ODS 反相柱以CH3OH-H2O(30∶70~100∶0)梯度洗脱后再经半制备型HPLC 以CH3OH-H2O(50∶50)分离得化合物13(5.3 mg)。Fr.G 经硅胶柱以CH2Cl2-CH3OH(30∶1~0∶1)梯度洗脱,分离得组分Fr.G-1~Fr.G-8,其中Fr.G-6 经半制备型HPLC,以CH3OH-H2O(41∶59)分离得化合物11(5.0 mg)。Fr.H 经硅胶柱以CH2Cl2-CH3OH(20∶1~0∶1)梯度洗脱,分离得组分Fr.H-1~Fr.H-11,其中Fr.H-5 经半制备型HPLC 以CH3OH-H2O(36∶64)分离得化合物20(4.1 mg),Fr.H-8 经半制备型HPLC,以CH3OH-H2O(38∶62)分离得化合物21(3.5 mg)。Fr.K 经硅胶柱CH2Cl2-CH3OH(20∶1~0∶1)梯度洗脱,分离得组分Fr.K-1~Fr.K-13,其中Fr.K-6 经反相ODS 柱CH3OH-H2O(10∶90~1∶0)梯度洗脱分离得化合物7(22.4 mg),Fr.K-7 经硅胶柱CH2Cl2-CH3OH(20∶1~0∶1)梯度洗脱分离得化合物6(22.0 mg)、5(20.4 mg)。Fr.L 经硅胶柱CH2Cl2-CH3OH(20∶1~0∶1)梯度洗脱,分离得组分Fr.L-1~Fr.L-10,其中Fr.L-5 经硅胶柱CH2Cl2-CH3OH(20∶1~0∶1)梯度洗脱,分离得化合物4(32.0 mg)、3(22.4 mg),Fr.L-7 经反相ODS 柱CH3OH-H2O(10∶90~1∶0)梯度洗脱,分离得化合物16(18.0 mg)、17(21.4 mg)。Fr.M 经硅胶柱CH2Cl2-CH3OH(20∶1~0∶1)梯度洗脱,分离得组分Fr.M-1~Fr.M-12,其中Fr.M-6经反相ODS 柱CH3OH-H2O(10∶90~1∶0)梯度洗脱,分离得化合物18(22.4 mg)。Fr.N 经反相ODS 柱以CH3OH-H2O(10∶90~1∶0)梯度洗脱,分离得组分Fr.N-1~Fr.N-8,其中Fr.N-6 经反相ODS 柱CH3OH-H2O(10∶90~1∶0)梯度洗脱,分离得化合物2(7.0 mg)、1(6.5 mg),Fr.N-8经经反相ODS 柱CH3OH-H2O(10∶90~1∶0)梯度洗脱,分离得化合物19(4.0 mg)。

3 结构鉴定

化合物1:无色固体(三氯甲烷)。分子式C30H52O,HR-ESI-MS m/z:451.392 0 [M +Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3) δ:1.42(1Ha,m,H-1),1.78(1Hb,m,H-1),1.66(1Ha,m,H-2),1.74(1Hb,m,H-2),3.22(1H,dd,J=4.4,11.6,H-3),0.88(1H,m,H-5),1.46(1Ha,m,H-6),1.68(1Hb,m,H-6),1.33(1Ha,m,H-7),1.66(1Hb,m,H-7),2.16(1H,m,H-8),5.20(1H,m,H-11),1.91(1Ha,m,H-12),2.05(1Hb,m,H-12),1.32(1Ha,m,H-15),1.34(1Hb,m,H-15),0.97(1Ha,m,H-16),1.33(1Hb,m,H-16),1.52(1H,m,H-17),1.57(1H,overlapped,H-18),1.61(1Ha,m,H-19),1.63(1Hb,m,H-19),1.13(1Ha,m,H-20),1.34(1Hb,m,H-20),1.12(1Ha,m,H-21),1.13(1Hb,m,H-21),1.45(1H,m,H-22),0.80(3H,s,H-23),0.96(3H,s,H-24),1.01(3H,s,H-25),0.71(3H,s,H-26),0.63(3H,s,H-27),0.85(3H,d,J=6.5,H-28),0.84(3H,d,J=6.0,H-29),0.86(3H,d,J=6.0,H-30);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3) δ:35.9(C-1),27.8(C-2),78.9(C-3),39.1(C-4),52.5(C-5),20.6(C-6),28.1(C-7),41.8(C-8),148.5(C-9),39.4(C-10),114.9(C-11),37.2(C-12),44.4(C-13),47.0(C-14),33.9(C-15),36.1(C-16),28.0(C-17),50.9(C-18),29.0(C-19),29.7(C-20),39.5(C-21),36.0(C-22),15.7(C-23),28.2(C-24),22.3(C-25),18.5(C-26),14.4(C-27),18.2(C-28),22.2(C-29),22.8(C-30)。以上数据与文献[7] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为retusenol。

化合物2:白色无定形粉末(三氯甲烷)。分子式C30H48O3,HR-ESI-MS m/z:479.350 9 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3) δ:1.87(1Ha,m,H-1),1.01(1Hb,m,H-1),1.94(1Ha,m,H-2),1.64(1Hb,m,H-2),3.30(1H,m,H-3),1.82(1H,m,H-5),1.49(1Ha,m,H-6),0.73(1Hb,m,H-6),1.14(1Ha,m,H-7)1.31(1Hb,m,H-7),1.53(1H,m,H-8),2.00(1Ha,m,H-11),1.13(1Hb,m,H-11),1.64(1Ha,m,H-12),1.63(1Hb,m,H-12),1.28(1Ha,m,H-15),1.28(1Hb,m,H-15),1.28(1Ha,m,H-16),1.09(1Hb,m,H-16),1.58(1H,m,H-17),0.97(3H,s,H-18),0.33(1Ha,d,J=4.2,H-19),0.54(1Hb,d,J=4.2,H-19),1.42(1H,overlapped,H-20),0.89(3H,d,J=6.2,H-21),1.56(1Ha,m,H-22),1.16(1Hb,m,H-22),2.54(1Ha,m,H-23),2.43(1Hb,m,H-23),6.09(1H,t,J=7.2,H-24),1.92(3H,s,H-27),0.98(3H,s,H-28),0.97(3H,s,H-29),0.89(3H,s,H-30);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:32.0(C-1),30.4(C-2),78.8(C-3),40.5(C-4),47.1(C-5),21.1(C-6),26.5(C-7),48.0(C-8),20.0(C-9),26.1(C-10),26.9(C-11),32.9(C-12),45.3(C-13),48.8(C-14),35.8(C-15),28.2(C-16),52.2(C-17),18.0(C-18),29.9(C-19),36.1(C-20),18.1(C-21),35.6(C-22),26.0(C-23),147.1(C-24),125.6(C-25),171.8(C-26),20.5(C-27),25.4(C-28),20.5(C-29),19.3(C-30)。以上数据与文献[8] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为schizandrolic acid。

化合物3:白色无定形粉末(三氯甲烷)。分子式C30H48O,HR-ESI-MS m/z:447.360 9 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3) δ:1.55(1Ha,m,H-1),1.85(1Hb,m,H-1),2.28(1Ha,m,H-2),2.70(1Hb,m,H-2),1.67(1H,m,H-5),1.53(1Ha,m,H-6),1.95(1Hb,m,H-6),1.31(1Ha,m,H-7),1.95(1Hb,m,H-7),1.59(1H,m,H-8),1.15(1Ha,m,H-11),2.05(1Hb,m,H-11),1.64(2H,m,H-12),1.12(1Ha,m,H-15),1.04(1Hb,m,H-15),1.31(2H,m,H-16),1.60(1H,m,H-17),1.00(3H,s,H-18),0.58(1H,d,J=4.2,H-19),0.79(1H,d,J=4.2,H-19),1.40(1H,m,H-20),0.89(3H,d,J=7.1,H-21),1.07(1Ha,m,H-22),1.46(1Hb,m,H-22),1.93(1Ha,m,H-23),2.13(1Hb,m,H-23),5.11(1H,m,H-24),1.69(3H,s,H-26),1.61(3H,s,H-27),1.10(3H,s,H-28),1.05(3H,s,H-29),0.91(3H,s,H-30);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3) δ:33.4(C-1),37.5(C-2),216.6(C-3),50.2(C-4),48.4(C-5),21.5(C-6),28.1(C-7),47.9(C-8),21.1(C-9),26.7(C-10),26.0(C-11),32.8(C-12),45.3(C-13),48.7(C-14),25.9(C-15),35.6(C-16),52.3(C-17),17.6(C-18),29.6(C-19),35.9(C-20),19.3(C-21),36.3(C-22),24.9(C-23),125.2(C-24),130.9(C-25),25.7(C-26),18.2(C-27),20.8(C-28),22.2(C-29),18.1(C-30)。以上数据与文献[9] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为cycloartenone。

化合物4:白色粉末(三氯甲烷)。分子式C31H50O,HR-ESI-MS m/z:461.375 0 [M +Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3) δ:1.86(1H,m,H-1),1.54(1H,m,H-1),2.71(1H,m,H-2),2.31(1H,m,H-2),1.72(1H,dd,J=4.4,12.3,H-5),1.56(2H,m,H-6),1.92(1Ha,m,H-7)1.32(1Hb,m,H-7),1.60(1H,m,H-8),1.41(1Ha,m,H-11),1.12(1Hb,m,H-11),1.32(2H,m,H-12),1.67(2H,m,H-15),2.05(1Ha,m,H-16),1.15(1Hb,m,H-16),1.64(1H,m,H-17),1.00(3H,s,H-18),0.58(1H,d,J=4.2,H-19),0.79(1H,d,J=4.2,H-19),1.41(1H,m,H-20),0.90(3H,d,J=7.1,H-21),1.13(2H,m,H-22),2.16(1Ha,m,H-23),1.89(1Hb,m,H-23),2.24(1H,m,H-25),1.03(3H,d,J=6.8,H-26),1.02(3H,d,J=6.8,H-27),1.10(3H,s,H-28),1.05(3H,s,H-29),0.91(3H,s,H-30),4.67(1H,brs,H-31),4.72(1H,br.s,H-31);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3) δ:33.4(C-1),37.5(C-2),216.6(C-3),50.2(C-4),48.4(C-5),21.5(C-6),28.2(C-7),47.9(C-8),21.1(C-9),26.7(C-10),25.9(C-11),35.6(C-12),45.3(C-13),48.7(C-14),32.8(C-15),26.0(C-16),52.3(C-17),18.3(C-18),29.6(C-19),36.1(C-20),18.1(C-21),35.0(C-22),31.3(C-23),156.9(C-24),33.8(C-25),22.0(C-26),21.9(C-27),20.8(C-28),22.2(C-29),19.3(C-30),106.0(C-31)。以上数据与文献[10] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为24-methylenecycloartenone。

化合物5:白色粉末(三氯甲烷)。分子式C30H46O4,HR-ESI-MS m/z:493.329 0 [M +Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3) δ:1.98(1Ha,m,H-1),1.80(1Hb,m,H-1),2.48(1Ha,m,H-2),2.41(1Hb,m,H-2),2.08(1H,m,H-5),1.75(1Ha,m,H-6),1.63(1Hb,m,H-6),1.53(1Ha,m,H-7)1.56(1Hb,m,H-7),2.09(1H,m,H-8),5.36(1H,d,J=5.6,H-11),2.15(1Ha,m,H-12),1.98(1Hb,m,H-12),1.36(2H,m,H-15),1.29(2H,m,H-16),1.61(1H,m,H-17),0.66(3H,s,H-18),1.07(3H,s,H-19),1.42(1H,m,H-20),0.96(3H,d,J=6.2,H-21),1.51(1Ha,m,H-22),1.14(1Hb,m,H-22),2.58(1Ha,m,H-23),2.47(1Hb,m,H-23),6.10(1H,t,J=6.6,H-24),1.94(3H,s,H-27),4.74(1H,s,H-28),4.87(1H,s,H-28),0.74(3H,s,H-29),0.76(3H,s,H-30);13CNMR(100 MHz,CDCl3) δ:37.7(C-1),35.6(C-2),180.9(C-3),147.6(C-4),35.9(C-5),50.5(C-6),33.7(C-7),49.5(C-8),142.3(C-9),47.2(C-10),125.8(C-11),31.9(C-12),44.0(C-13),42.7(C-14),29.0(C-15),27.8(C-16),42.5(C-17),26.4(C-18),23.1(C-19),35.9(C-20),20.5(C-21),27.9(C-22),26.3(C-23),147.1(C-24),118.7(C-25),173.5(C-26),18.3(C-27),111.5(C-28),11.8(C-29),14.6(C-30)。以上数据与文献[11] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为kadsuric acid。

化合物6:白色针状结晶(三氯甲烷)。分子式C30H46O4,HR-ESI-MS m/z:493.329 0 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3) δ:2.05(1Ha,m,H-1),1.36(1Hb,m,H-1),2.30(1Ha,m,H-2),2.48(1Hb,m,H-2),2.41(1H,m,H-5),1.28(1Ha,m,H-6),1.94(1Hb,m,H-6),1.31(1Ha,m,H-7)1.12(1Hb,m,H-7),1.56(1H,m,H-8),2.07(1Ha,m,H-11),1.25(1Hb,m,H-11),1.65(2H,m,H-12),1.29(2H,m,H-15),1.10(1Ha,m,H-16),1.52(1Hb,m,H-16),1.61(1H,m,H-17),0.96(3H,s,H-18),0.75(H,overlapped,H-19),0.39(H,overlapped,H-19),1.42(1H,m,H-20),0.90(3H,d,J=6.2,H-21),1.52(1Ha,m,H-22),1.18(1Hb,m,H-22),2.56(1Ha,m,H-23),2.46(1Hb,m,H-23),6.08(1H,t,J=7.2,H-24),1.91(3H,s,H-27),4.72(1H,s,H-28),4.81(1H,s,H-28),1.68(3H,s,H-29),0.94(3H,s,H-30);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3) δ:28.7(C-1),31.6(C-2),180.3(C-3),149.5(C-4),45.9(C-5),28.0(C-6),24.9(C-7),47.2(C-8),21.3(C-9),27.3(C-10),26.8(C-11),33.0(C-12),45.1(C-13),49.0(C-14),35.5(C-15),27.5(C-16),51.5(C-17),18.1(C-18),29.6(C-19),35.6(C-20),17.9(C-21),35.9(C-22),27.0(C-23),147.2(C-24),125.8(C-25),173.6(C-26),20.5(C-27),113.7(C-28),19.7(C-29),19.3(C-30)。以上数据与文献[12] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为nigranoic acid。

化合物7:白色粉末(三氯甲烷)。分子式C30H46O3,HR-ESI-MS m/z:477.334 8 [M +Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3) δ:1.55(1Ha,m,H-1),1.92(1Hb,m,H-1),2.72(1Ha,m,H-2),2.31(1Hb,m,H-2),1.72(1H,m,H-5),1.32(1Ha,m,H-6),1.95(1Hb,m,H-6),1.14(1Ha,m,H-7)1.16(1Hb,m,H-7),1.62(1H,m,H-8),1.45(1Ha,m,H-11),2.05(1Hb,m,H-11),1.66(2H,m,H-12),1.33(2H,m,H-15),1.15(1Ha,m,H-16),1.41(1Hb,m,H-16),1.60(1H,m,H-17),0.91(3H,s,H-18),0.58(1H,overlapped,H-19),0.79(1H,overlapped,H-19),1.40(1H,m,H-20),0.90(3H,d,J=6.4,H-21),1.56(1Ha,m,H-22),1.17(1Hb,m,H-22),2.45(1Ha,m,H-23),2.56(1Hb,m,H-23),6.08(1H,t,J=7.7,H-24),1.92(3H,s,H-27),1.05(3H,s,H-28),1.10(3H,s,H-29),1.00(3H,s,H-30);13CNMR(100 MHz,CDCl3) δ:33.4(C-1),37.5(C-2),216.6(C-3),50.2(C-4),48.4(C-5),28.2(C-6),21.5(C-7),47.9(C-8),21.1(C-9),26.0(C-10),26.9(C-11),32.8(C-12),45.4(C-13),48.8(C-14),35.6(C-15),25.9(C-16),52.2(C-17),18.1(C-18),29.6(C-19),36.0(C-20),18.1(C-21),35.8(C-22),26.7(C-23),147.2(C-24),125.6(C-25),171.8(C-26),20.6(C-27),20.8(C-28),22.2(C-29),19.3(C-30)。以上数据与文献[8] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为schizandronic acid。

化合物8:白色无定形粉末(甲醇)。分子式C21H36O11,HR-ESI-MS m/z:487.214 8 [M +Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD) δ:5.01(1H,d,J=10.8,H-1),5.23(1H,d,J=17.5,H-1),5.98(1H,dd,J=10.8,17.5,H-2),1.80(1H,m,H-4),1.90(1H,m,H-4),1.80(1H,m,H-5),1.99(1H,m,H-5),4.03(1H,m,H-6),1.20(3H,s,H-8),1.25(3H,s,H-9),1.33(3H,s,H-10),4.50(1H,d,J=7.7,H-1′),3.14(1H,overlapped,H-2′),3.34(1H,m,H-3′),3.24(1H,m,H-4′),3.41(1H,m,H-5′),3.99(1H,dd,J=2.3,11.0,H-6′),3.55(1H,dd,J=6.0,11.0,H-6′),4.93(1H,d,J=1.0,H-1″),3.97(1H,overlapped,H-2″),3.81(1H,m,H-3″),3.97(1H,m,H-4″),3.62(1H,dd,J=5.3,11.8,H-5″),3.72(1H,dd,J=3.3,11.8,H-5″);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD) δ:112.2(C-1),145.3(C-2),84.6(C-3),38.6(C-4),28.4(C-5),87.0(C-6),80.8(C-7),24.1(C-8),20.9(C-9),26.2(C-10),98.8(C-1′),75.2(C-2′),77.9(C-3′),72.1(C-4′),76.4(C-5′),68.2(C-6′),110.2(C-1″),83.2(C-2″),79.0(C-3″),86.0(C-4″),63.1(C-5″)。以上数据与文献[13-14]报道基本一致,故鉴定为1-methyl-1-(trans-5′-methyl-cis-5′-vinyltetrahydrofuran-r-2′-yl)-ethyl-6-O-α-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside。

化合物9:白色无定形粉末(甲醇)。分子式C21H36O11,HR-ESI-MS m/z:487.215 0 [M +Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD) δ:5.01(1Ha,dd,J=10.8,H-1),5.24(1Hb,dd,J=17.4,H-1),5.98(1H,dd,J=10.8,17.4,H-2),1.80(1H,m,H-4),1.90(1H,m,H-4),1.80(1H,m,H-5),1.99(1H,m,H-5),4.05(1H,dd,J=6.8,7.3,H-6),1.28(3H,s,H-8),1.24(3H,s,H-9),1.33(3H,s,H-10),4.50(1H,d,J=7.7,H-1′),3.14(1H,overlapped,H-2′),3.34(1H,m,H-3′),3.24(1H,m,H-4′),3.41(1H,m,H-5′),3.94(1H,dd,J=1.7,11.2,H-6′),3.53(1H,dd,J=6.6,11.2,H-6′),4.96(1H,d,J=2.2,H-1″),3.85(1H,d,J=2.2,H-2″),3.76(1H,d,J=9.5,H-4″),3.95(1H,d,J=9.5,H-4″),3.56(2H,s,H-5″);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD) δ:112.2(C-1),145.3(C-2),84.6(C-3),38.6(C-4),28.4(C-5),87.0(C-6),80.7(C-7),24.1(C-8),20.9(C-9),26.1(C-10),98.8(C-1′),75.1(C-2′),78.1(C-3′),71.9(C-4′),76.6(C-5′),68.9(C-6′),111.0(C-1″),77.9(C-2″),80.6(C-3″),75.0(C-4″),65.6(C-5″)。以上数据与文献[15] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为( Z)-1-(5-ethenyl-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1-methylethyl-O-β-Dapiofuranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside。

化合物10:白色无定形粉末(甲醇)。分子式C10H18O3,HR-ESI-MS m/z:209.116 2 [M +Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD) δ:2.65(1Ha,dd,J=8.1,17.3,H-2),2.40(1Hb,dd,J=11.6,17.3,H-2),2.27(1H,m,H-3),1.44(3H,s,H-5),1.27(3H,s,H-6),1.69(1Ha,m,H-7),1.36(1Hb,m,H-7),1.47(1Ha,m,H-8),1.40(1Hb,m,H-8),3.71(1H,m,H-9),1.16(3H,d,J=6.2,H-10);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD) δ:178.6(C-1),35.9(C-2),47.1(C-3),88.8(C-4),27.8(C-5),22.0(C-6),27.0(C-7),38.8(C-8),68.5(C-9),23.5(C-10)。以上数据与文献[16] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为4,9-dihydroxy-4-olide。

化合物11:白色无定形粉末(甲醇)。分子式C21H32O10,HR-ESI-MS m/z:467.187 9 [M +Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD) δ:7.08(1H,d,J=8.1,H-2),7.12(1H,d,J=8.1,H-3),7.08(1H,d,J=8.0,H-5),7.12(1H,d,J=8.0,H-6),2.28(3H,s,H-7),3.03(1H,m,H-8),3.63(1H,dd,J=6.0,9.5,H-9),3.85(1H,dd,J=8.3,9.5,H-9),1.26(3H,d,J=7.0,H-10),4.23(1H,d,J=7.8,H-1′),3.16(1H,overlapped,H-2′),3.30(1H,m,H-3′),3.26(1H,m,H-4′),3.41(1H,m,H-5′),3.62(1H,dd,J=6.2,11.3,H-6′),4.00(1H,dd,J=2.1,11.3,H-6′),4.97(1H,d,J=1.2,H-1″),3.99(1H,overlapped,H-2″),3.82(1H,m,H-3″),3.96(1H,m,H-4″),3.62(1Ha,m,H-5″),3.72(1Hb,dd,J=3.3,11.9,H-5″);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD) δ:136.9(C-1),130.0(C-2),128.4(C-3),142.5(C-4),128.4(C-5),130.0(C-6),21.1(C-7),40.8(C-8),76.5(C-9),19.1(C-10),104.4(C-1′),75.1(C-2′),78.0(C-3′),72.0(C-4′),76.7(C-5′),68.2(C-6′),110.0(C-1″),83.2(C-2″),79.0(C-3″),86.0(C-4″),63.1(C-5″)。以上数据与文献[17] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为(R)-p-cymen-9-O-α-Darabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside。

化合物12:白色无定形粉末(甲醇)。分子式C24H38O11,HR-ESI-MS m/z:525.230 9 [M +Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD) δ:2.01(1Ha,d,J=16.7,H-2),2.43(1Hb,d,J=16.7,H-2),5.87(1H,s,H-4),3.81(1H,d,J=9.0,H-6),5.62(1H,dd,J=9.0,15.4,H-7),5.73(1H,dd,J=6.4,15.4,H-8),3.35(1H,m,H-9),1.26(3H,d,J=6.3,H-10),1.00(3H,s,H-11),1.03(3H,s,H-12),1.92(3H,s,H-13),4.34(1H,d,J=7.8,H-1′),3.16(1H,overlapped,H-2′),3.32(1H,m,H-3′),3.23(1H,m,H-4′),3.37(1H,m,H-5′),3.95(1Ha,dd,J=2.0,11.3,H-6′),3.56(1Hb,dd,J=5.4,11.3,H-6′),4.95(1H,d,J=1.2,H-1″),3.98(1H,overlapped,H-2″),3.81(1H,m,H-3″),3.87(1H,m,H-4″),3.74(1Ha,dd,J=3.3,11.7,H-5″),3.62(1Hb,dd,J=5.3,11.7,H-5″);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD) δ:37.2(C-1),48.4(C-2),202.2(C-3),126.1(C-4),166.0(C-5),56.7(C-6),129.1(C-7),138.0(C-8),77.4(C-9),21.3(C-10),27.7(C-11),28.1(C-12),23.8(C-13),102.6(C-1′),75.2(C-2′),78.0(C-3′),71.9(C-4′),76.8(C-5′),68.0(C-6′),109.9(C-1″),83.2(C-2″),79.0(C-3″),86.0(C-4″),63.1(C-5″)。以上数据与文献[18]报道基本一致,故鉴定为ficumegasoside。

化合物13:白色无定形粉末(吡啶)。分子式C15H22O3,HR-ESI-MS m/z:273.145 9 [M +Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,C5D5N) δ:2.53(1H,m,H-1),2.58(1Ha,m,H-2),2.68(1Hb,m,H-2),7.00(1H,s,H-5),2.78(1H,m,H-7)2.11(1Ha,m,H-8),2.57(1Hb,m,H-8),3.89(1H,m,H-9),2.79(1H,m,H-10),2.05(3H,s,H-12),4.99(2H,m,H-13),1.23(3H,d,J=7.0,H-14),1.87(3H,s,H-15);13C-NMR(100 MHz,C5D5N) δ:50.2(C-1),36.5(C-2),198.9(C-3),132.7(C-4),155.2(C-5),72.7(C-6),48.4(C-7),37.1(C-8),70.7(C-9),37.3(C-10),146.8(C-11),22.8(C-12),113.9(C-13),15.3(C-14),15.6(C-15)。以上数据与文献[19] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为 6α,9αdihydroxycadinan-4-en-3-one。

化合物14:黄色胶状物(甲醇)。分子式C20H24O6,HR-ESI-MS m/z:383.146 6 [M +Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD) δ:6.97(1H,d,J=1.8,H-2),6.78(1H,d,J=8.1,H-5),6.94(1H,dd,J=1.8,8.1,H-6),5.15(1H,d,J=8.4,H-7),2.35(1H,m,H-8),3.28(1Ha,overlapped,H-9),3.21(1Hb,dd,J=6.5,10.8,H-9),7.07(1H,d,J=1.9,H-2′),6.81(1H,d,J=8.1,H-5′),6.94(1H,dd,J=1.9,8.1,H-6′),4.36(1H,d,J=9.1,H-7′),2.06(1H,m,H-8′),1.12(3H,d,J=6.6,H-9′),3.84(3H,s,3-OCH3),3.88(3H,s,3′-OCH3);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD) δ:132.4(C-1),116.1(C-2),148.7(C-3),147.0(C-4),111.6(C-5),120.7(C-6),83.0(C-7),54.5(C-8),63.8(C-9),133.1(C-1′),115.8(C-2′),149.1(C-3′),147.6(C-4′),111.9(C-5′),120.7(C-6′),89.3(C-7′),46.5(C-8′),16.8(C-9′),56.4(3-OCH3),56.4(3′-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[20] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为(7R,7′S,8R,8′S)-3,3′-dimethoxy-7,7′-epoxylignan-4,4′,9-triol。

化合物15:白色无定形粉末(甲醇)。分子式C34H48O16,HR-ESI-MS m/z:713.301 2 [M +Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD) δ:6.91(1H,s,H-4),2.22(1Ha,dd,J=9.4,13.2,H-6),2.07(1Hb,brd,J=13.2,H-6),1.80(1H,m,H-7),1.91(1H,m,H-8),2.65(1Ha,dd,J=7.4,13.5,H-9),2.42(1Hb,brd,J=13.5,H-9),6.89(1H,s,H-11),1.00(3H,d,J=7.0,H-17),0.74(3H,d,J=7.0,H-18),3.49(3H,s,1-OCH3),3.88(3H,s,2-OCH3),3.89(3H,s,13-OCH3),3.46(3H,s,14-OCH3),4.96(H,d,J=7.3,H-1′),3.52(1H,m,H-2′),3.47(1H,overlapped,H-3′),3.40(1H,m,H-4′),3.47(1H,m,H-5′),3.70(1H,dd,J=6.1,12.1,H-6′),3.92(1H,dd,J=2.0,12.1,H-6′),5.00(1H,d,J=7.3,H-1″),3.52(1H,overlapped,H-2″),3.51(1H,m,H-3″),3.46(1H,m,H-4″),3.50(1H,m,H-5″),3.70(1H,dd,J=6.1,12.1,H-6″),3.90(1H,dd,J=2.1,12.1,H-6″);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD) δ:152.5(C-1),141.6(C-2),152.3(C-3),113.2(C-4),141.2(C-5),36.1(C-6),42.3(C-7),35.3(C-8),39.8(C-9),135.8(C-10),116.2(C-11),150.8(C-12),142.1(C-13),152.6(C-14),126.3(C-15),125.1(C-16),22.1(C-17),12.8(C-18),61.1(1-OCH3),61.9(2-OCH3),61.9(13-OCH3),61.1(14-OCH3),102.5(C-1′),75.1(C-2′),78.2(C-3′),71.6(C-4′),78.3(C-5′),62.6(C-6′),102.7(C-1″),75.0(C-2″),78.1(C-3″),71.3(C-4″),78.0(C-5″),62.4(C-6″)。以上数据与文献[21] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为1,2,13,14-tetramethoxy-dibenzocyclooctadi ene-3,12-O-β-D-diglucopyranoside。

化合物16:无色针晶(三氯甲烷)。分子式C23H28O7,HR-ESI-MS m/z:439.172 1 [M +Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3) δ:6.62(1H,s,H-4),2.69(1Ha,d,J=13.4,H-6),2.36(1Hb,d,J=13.4,H-6),1.86(1H,m,H-8),2.34(1Ha,dd,J=7.7,14.3,H-9),2.60(1Hb,dd,J=1.4,14.3,H-9),6.48(1H,s,H-11),1.25(3H,s,H-17),0.82(3H,d,J=7.3,H-18),3.91(3H,s,1-OCH3),3.91(3H,s,2-OCH3),3.52(3H,s,3-OCH3),3.84(3H,s,14-OCH3),5.96(2H,s,-OCH2O-);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3) δ:152.1(C-1),140.7(C-2),152.3(C-3),110.3(C-4),132.0(C-5),40.5(C-6),71.7(C-7),42.0(C-8),33.7(C-9),132.5(C-10),106.0(C-11),147.9(C-12),134.9(C-13),141.2(C-14),121.9(C-15),124.1(C-16),30.1(C-17),15.8(C-18),60.6(1-OCH3),61.0(2-OCH3),56.0(3-OCH3),59.7(14-OCH3),100.8(-OCH2O-)。以上数据与文献[22] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为gomisin A。

化合物17:白色无定形粉末(三氯甲烷)。分子式C22H26O6,HR-ESI-MS m/z:409.162 1 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3) δ:6.44(1H,s,H-4),2.46(1Ha,dd,J=1.8,13.6,H-6),2.05(1H,brd,J=13.6,H-6),1.94(1H,m,H-7),1.85(1H,m,H-8),2.58(1Ha,dd,J=7.3,13.6,H-9),2.17(1Hb,dd,J=9.4,13.6,H-9),6.65(1H,s,H-11),0.98(3H,d,J=7.1,H-17),0.77(3H,d,J=7.1,H-18),3.57(3H,s,12-OCH3),3.93(3H,s,13-OCH3),3.90(3H,s,14-OCH3),6.02(2H,s,-OCH2O-);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3) δ:136.8(C-1),133.3(C-2),148.4(C-3),102.1(C-4),138.0(C-5),35.6(C-6),40.6(C-7),33.3(C-8),39.0(C-9),135.7(C-10),112.3(C-11),152.0(C-12),140.4(C-13),150.3(C-14),118.5(C-15),121.5(C-16),21.5(C-17),12.7(C-18),56.0(12-OCH3),61.4(13-OCH3),61.3(14-OCH3),101.3(-OCH2O-)。以上数据与文献[23] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为(+)-gomisin M2。

化合物18:无色晶体(三氯甲烷)。分子式C24H32O6,HR-ESI-MS m/z:439.207 2 [M +Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3) δ:6.53(1H,s,H-4),2.58(1H,dd,J=7.4,13.6,H-6),2.58(1H,dd,J=9.5,13.6,H-6),1.85(1H,m,H-7),1.78(1H,m,H-8),2.31(1H,dd,J=1.9,13.6,H-9),2.04(1H,brd,J=13.6,H-9),6.54(1H,s,H-11),0.74(3H,d,J=7.1,H-17),1.00(3H,d,J=7.1,H-18),3.88(3H,s,1-OCH3),3.87(3H,s,14-OCH3),3.90(3H,s,2-OCH3),3.89(3H,s,13-OCH3),3.59(3H,s,3-OCH3),3.59(3H,s,12-OCH3);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3) δ:151.5(C-1),140.1(C-2),151.4(C-3),107.2(C-4),139.2(C-5),39.1(C-6),33.8(C-7),40.8(C-8),35.6(C-9),133.9(C-10),110.5(C-11),152.9(C-12),139.7(C-13),151.6(C-14),122.3(C-15),123.4(C-16),21.8(C-17),12.7(C-18),60.5(1-OCH3),60.5(14-OCH3),60.9(2-OCH3),60.9(13-OCH3),55.9(3-OCH3),55.9(12-OCH3)。以上数据与文献 [24] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为deoxyschizandrin。

化合物19:无色晶体(三氯甲烷)。分子式C22H24O6,HR-ESI-MS m/z:407.146 5 [M +Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3) δ:6.48(1H,s,H-4),2.54(1H,dd,J=7.2,13.6,H-6),2.45(1H,dd,J=9.5,13.6,H-6),1.76(1H,m,H-7),1.87(1H,m,H-8),2.24(1H,dd,J=1.8,13.6,H-9),2.00(1H,brd,J=13.2,H-9),6.48(1H,s,H-11),0.72(3H,d,J=7.2,H-17),0.96(3H,d,J=7.2,H-18),3.83(3H,s,1-OCH3),3.82(3H,s,14-OCH3),5.92(2H,s,-OCH2O-),5.92(2H,s,-OCH2O-);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3) δ:141.0(C-1),134.7(C-2),148.6(C-3),106.1(C-4),132.7(C-5),38.8(C-6),33.9(C-7),40.7(C-8),35.3(C-9),138.2(C-10),100.7(C-11),147.6(C-12),134.4(C-13),141.2(C-14),122.2(C-15),121.0(C-16),21.7(C-17),12.5(C-18),59.6(1-OCH3),59.6(14-OCH3),100.7(-OCH2O-),100.7(-OCH2O-)。以上数据与文献[25] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为wuweizisu C。

化合物20:白色无定形粉末(甲醇)。分子式C24H32O8,HR-ESI-MS m/z:471.198 3 [M +Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD) δ:6.74(1H,s,H-4),2.62(1H,d,J=13.9,H-6),2.53(1H,d,J=13.9,H-6),2.97(1H,d,J=13.2,H-9),2.30(1H,d,J=13.2,H-9),6.78(1H,s,H-11),1.23(3H,s,H-17),1.07(3H,s,H-18),3.43(3H,s,1-OCH3),3.89(3H,s,2-OCH3),3.83(3H,s,3-OCH3),3.83(3H,s,12-OCH3),3.89(3H,s,13-OCH3),3.47(3H,s,14-OCH3);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD) δ:153.4(C-1),141.8(C-2),153.5(C-3),113.0(C-4),134.4(C-5),42.2(C-6),76.4(C-7),73.9(C-8),43.3(C-9),135.7(C-10),112.5(C-11),152.7(C-12),141.8(C-13),152.3(C-14),124.2(C-15),124.4(C-16),27.5(C-17),23.5(C-18),61.0(1-OCH3),61.4(2-OCH3),56.6(3-OCH3),56.4(12-OCH3),61.4(13-OCH3),61.2(14-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[26] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为8(R)-hydroxyl-schizandrin。

化合物21:白色无定形粉末(甲醇)。分子式C23H30O7,HR-ESI-MS m/z:441.187 3 [M +Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD) δ:6.42(1H,s,H-4),2.57(1Ha,d,J=13.5,H-6),2.37(1Hb,d,J=13.5,H-6),1.78(1H,m,H-8),2.34(1Ha,dd,J=8.3,14.3,H-9),2.37(1Hb,dd,J=2.4,14.3,H-9),6.73(1H,s,H-11),1.20(3H,s,H-17),0.80(3H,d,J=7.2,H-18),3.85(3H,s,1-OCH3),3.90(3H,s,2-OCH3),3.80(3H,s,3-OCH3),3.55(3H,s,12-OCH3),3.82(3H,s,14-OCH3);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD) δ:153.6(C-1),141.4(C-2),153.3(C-3),107.8(C-4),135.7(C-5),42.3(C-6),73.8(C-7),42.8(C-8),36.4(C-9),135.1(C-10),112.4(C-11),152.6(C-12),136.2(C-13),148.9(C-14),118.8(C-15),124.8(C-16),29.6(C-17),16.4(C-18),61.2(1-OCH3),61.3(2-OCH3),56.4(3-OCH3),56.3(12-OCH3),61.2(14-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[27] 报道基本一致,故鉴定为13-norschizandrin。

4 讨论

本实验对五味子藤茎95% 乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,获得13 个萜类,其中,化合物(1~7)为三萜类,化合物(8~11)为单萜类,化合物(12~13)为倍半萜类及化合物(14~21)8 个木脂素类。这些木脂素类被报道具有保护神经细胞[3]、肝[6]、肾[3]细胞的药理作用,同时,在抗炎和免疫调节[28]以及抗肿瘤[29]和抗人类免疫缺陷病毒[20]活性等方面也表现出一定的潜力;上述萜类成分亦被报道具有神经保护[17]以及抗病毒活性[30-31]等作用。以期该研究内容能够为五味子藤茎的药效物质基础及生物活性的进一步研究提供参考,为充分利用和扩大五味子藤茎药用植物资源提供理论依据。

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