脂质蓄积指数在多囊卵巢综合征合并代谢综合征患者中的预测价值

2020-12-14 04:17郝松莉侯丽辉徐芳孙淼张春兰孟小钰
中国医药导报 2020年30期
关键词:预测价值代谢综合征多囊卵巢综合征

郝松莉 侯丽辉 徐芳 孙淼 张春兰 孟小钰

[摘要] 目的 探討脂质蓄积指数(LAP)对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者发生代谢综合征(MS)的预测价值。 方法 选择2015年6月—2019年12月于黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院妇科门诊就诊的PCOS患者507例。根据MS诊断标准分为PCOS合并MS组200例,PCOS非MS组307例。收集患者的一般临床资料、临床生化指标以及计算LAP值。 结果 两组的收缩压、舒张压、体重、体重指数、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、黄体生成素、黄体生成素/卵泡刺激素、雄烯二酮、性激素结合球蛋白、游离雄激素指数、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、空腹胰岛素、餐后2 h胰岛素、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、载脂蛋白A、载脂蛋白B、载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A、LAP水平及肥胖、中心性肥胖、黑棘皮、痤疮、胰岛素抵抗发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。Spearman相关性分析显示,LAP与体重、体重指数、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、空腹胰岛素、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、载脂蛋白B、载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A呈正相关(r = 0.398、0.452、0.469、0.345、0.349、0.308、0.269、0.800、0.143、0.214、0.172,均P < 0.05);与黄体生成素、黄体生成素/卵泡刺激素、性激素结合球蛋白、高密度脂蛋白呈负相关(r = -0.179、-0.142、-0.143、-0.327,均P < 0.05)。ROC曲线显示,LAP曲线下面积为0.90,最佳切点为47.51,敏感度为86.50%,特异度为81.40%。 结论 LAP对PCOS患者发生MS的预测价值较高,可作为PCOS患者筛查MS的可靠标志物。

[关键词] 脂质蓄积指数;多囊卵巢综合征;代谢综合征;预测价值

[中图分类号] R588.6          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)10(c)-0126-04

Predictive value of lipid accumulation index for metabolic syndrome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

HAO Songli   HOU Lihui   XU Fang   SUN Miao   ZHANG Chunlan   MENG Xiaoyu

Department of Gynaecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin   150040, China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the predictive value of lipid accumulation index (LAP) for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods From June 2015 to December 2019, 507 patients with PCOS were selected from the Gynecological Outpatient Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine. According to MS diagnostic criteria, they were divided into PCOS with MS group (200 cases) and PCOS non MS group (307 cases). The general clinical data, clinical biochemical indexes and LAP value were collected. Results Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip ratio, luteinizing hormone, luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone, androstenedione, sex hormone binding globulin, free androgen index, fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2 h blood glucose, fasting insulin, postprandial 2 hours insulin, insulin resistance index of steady-state model, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A, LAP levels and the incidence rate of obesity, central obesity, black acanthosis, acne and insulin resistance between two groups were compared, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that: LAP was positively correlated with body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip ratio, fasting insulin, homeostasis model insulin resistance index, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A (r = 0.398, 0.452, 0.469, 0.345, 0.349, 0.308, 0.269, 0.800, 0.143, 0.214, 0.172, all P < 0.05). LAP was negatively correlated with luteinizing hormone, luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone, sex hormone binding globulin and high density lipoprotein (r = -0.179, -0.142, -0.143, -0.327, all P < 0.05). ROC curve showed that the area under LAP curve was 0.90, the optimal tangent point was 47.51, the sensitivity was 86.50%, and the specificity was 81.40%. Conclusion LAP has a high predictive value for the occurrence of MS in PCOS patients, and can be a reliable marker for screening MS in PCOS.

[Key words] Lipid accumulation index; Polycystic ovary syndrome; Metabolic syndrome; Predictive value

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是育龄期女性常见且复杂的内分泌疾病,临床以稀发排卵、雄激素过多及卵巢多囊样改变为特征[1]。远期发生糖尿病、代谢综合征、非酒精性脂肪肝和冠状动脉疾病等风险增加[2-5]。代谢综合征(MS)是一组与糖尿病、心血管疾病和全因死亡率高度相关的代谢异常的集合[6],在PCOS女性中,MS的存在可能进一步增加现有的代谢异常风险,因此需要寻找一个在PCOS患者中能早期预测MS的标志物。脂质蓄积指数(LAP)是基于腰围(WC)和三酰甘油(TG)计算得出的指标,对反映人体脂质蓄积程度和内脏脂肪含量具有重要价值[7]。本研究旨在探讨PCOS患者中LAP与MS之间的关系,评估LAP用于预测PCOS患者发生MS的临床价值。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2015年6月—2019年12月于黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院妇科门诊就诊的PCOS患者507例。根据MS诊断标准分为PCOS合并MS组200例,PCOS非MS组307例。

1.2 诊断标准

PCOS诊断标准:依据2003年鹿特丹诊断标准[8]。MS诊断标准:依据美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗组第3次指南(NCEP-ATP Ⅲ)[9]。

1.3 观察指标

①一般资料:年龄、初潮年龄、血压、身高、体重、体重指数(BMI)、WC、臀围、腰臀比(WHR),多毛、黑棘皮、痤疮、溢脂发生率;②性激素指标:黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)、硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEAS)、雄烯二酮(AND)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG),计算游离雄激素指数(FAI);③糖代谢指标:空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、餐后2 h胰岛素,计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);④脂代谢指标:总胆固醇(TC)、TG、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、载脂蛋白A、载脂蛋白B,计算LAP[LAP=(WC-58)×TG]。

1.4 统计学方法

采用SPSS 25.0统计学软件分析数据,符合正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验;不符合正态分布的计量资料以中位数(四分位间距)[M(P25,P75)]表示,组间比较采用非参数检验。计数資料以频数(百分比)[例(%)]表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。相关性采用Spearman分析。ROC曲线分析LAP对MS的诊断价值。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组患者临床特征比较

两组的收缩压、舒张压、体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、WHR、LH、LH/FSH、AND、SHBG、FAI、FPG、餐后2 h血糖、FINS、餐后2 h胰岛素、HOMA-IR、TG、TC、HDL、LDL、载脂蛋白A、载脂蛋白B、载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A、LAP水平及肥胖、中心性肥胖、黑棘皮、痤疮、胰岛素抵抗发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表1。

2.2 LAP与MS组其他变量的相关性分析

LAP与PCOS合并MS患者的体重(r = 0.398,P = 0.000)、BMI(r = 0.452,P = 0.000)、WC(r = 0.469,P = 0.000)、臀围(r = 0.345,P = 0.000)、WHR(r = 0.349,P = 0.000)、FINS(r = 0.308,P = 0.000)、HOMA-IR(r = 0.269,P = 0.000)、TG(r = 0.800,P = 0.000)、TC(r = 0.143,P = 0.043)、载脂蛋白B(r = 0.214,P = 0.002)、载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A(r = 0.172,P = 0.015)呈正相关;与LH(r = -0.179,P = 0.011)、LH/FSH(r = -0.142,P = 0.045)、SHBG(r = -0.143,P = 0.043)、HDL(r = -0.327,P = 0.000)呈负相关。

2.3 ROC曲线分析

LAP预测PCOS患者发生MS的曲线下面积为0.90(95%CI:0.872~0.927),LAP = 47.51为诊断MS的最佳切点,敏感度为86.50%,特异度为81.40%。见图1。

3 讨论

在本研究中,PCOS患者MS的发生率为39.45%。Zahiri等[10]对伊朗215例PCOS患者调查发现MS发生率为28.8%;两项来自希腊和美国的研究显示,PCOS中MS的发生率分别为12.6%和47.3%[11-12]。在国内,曹利萍等[13]和武红琴等[14]分别对榆林市及北京市PCOS患者进行调查研究,结果显示,MS的发生率为31.29%和43.89%。这种不同患病率可能与遗传因素、种族、地域、饮食和生活方式的差异有关,以及不同的MS诊断标准及样本量,但研究结果均提示PCOS患者存在较高的MS发病风险。

肥胖和胰岛素抵抗是连接PCOS与MS的桥梁[15-16]。在本研究中,PCOS合并MS患者肥胖发生率及糖脂代谢异常水平显著高于非MS患者。肥胖在全球死亡原因列表中排第五[17],与普通肥胖比较,中心性肥胖与代谢异常高度相关。肥胖患者脂肪细胞分泌的炎症因子增多使机体处于慢性低度炎症状态,干扰胰岛素受体底物的酪氨酸磷酸化和代谢,引起胰岛素信号转导通路异常,导致胰岛素抵抗的发生[18]。胰岛素抵抗可促进肝脏对TG、极低密度脂蛋白的合成与分泌并降低对两者的清除,同时抑制HDL的合成并加速其分解,从而引起高脂血症[19]。因此,对于肥胖的PCOS患者应重视糖脂指标的筛查,有利于早期诊断并实施药物或生活方式干预。

LAP最早是由Kahn[20]提出,近年來研究表明,LAP具有预测部分健康人群心血管疾病、非酒精性脂肪肝和MS等疾病风险的潜力[21-23],且预测效能优于BMI[17,24]。Motamed等[25]报道了LAP预测伊朗女性MS的截断值为49.71(敏感度=85.2%,特异度=82.3%),王玮[26]对138例PCOS患者研究发现,当LAP截断值为56.82时,具有最大敏感度(84.6%)和特异度(83.8%)。在本研究中,LAP预测PCOS发生MS的曲线下面积为0.90,提示LAP诊断PCOS罹患MS的准确性较高,当截断值为47.51时,具有较高的敏感度和特异度。目前使用LAP预测PCOS患者发生MS尚无统一的参考区间,仍需要大范围的流行病学研究以制订规范的LAP参考值。

综上所述,PCOS患者MS患病率高,LAP是一种简单、独立的临床指标,对PCOS患者发生MS的预测价值较高,可作为PCOS患者筛查MS的可靠标志物,从而早期预测与干预MS以降低远期心脑血管疾病等并发症的发病风险。

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(收稿日期:2020-04-26)

[基金项目] 国家中医临床研究基地科研项目(JDZX2015059);黑龙江中医药大学校科研基金资助项目(201828);黑龙江省中医药管理局科研项目(ZHY18-004)。

[作者简介] 郝松莉(1978.3-),女,博士,副主任医师,主要从事中西医结合诊疗不孕症、多囊卵巢综合征等生殖内分泌疾病的临床及科研工作。

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