化平凡为高级

李萍

近年来高考英语书面表达评分标准规定考生必须使用比较高级的表达方式方能获取高分，而不少考生只会用平凡的句子来表达文意，写出来的文章档次不高，得分较低。显然，考生应学会化平凡为高级才能在高考英语书面表达中获取高分。

一、认识什么是平凡句，什么是高级句

一般说来简单句表达要求低，表达效果差，是公认的平凡句。如果一篇书面表达通篇都是主谓宾结构的简单句，无论其是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句，表达效果都比较差。而各种并列句、复合句、特殊句式（倒装句、强调句、感叹句、such as列举句型、such be总结句型等）和带过渡性插入语的句子通常表达要求高，造句难度大，语境逻辑强，表达效果好，是普遍认可的高级表达方式，也是高考英语书面表达是否能获取高分的重要依据。同学们在写英语书面表达时应根据表达需要有选择地使用这些高级表达方式。

二、掌握化平凡为高级的方法

平凡句可以转换成高级句，而且转换难度也不是很大，因为高级句也是在平凡句的基础上构成的。下面介绍几种将平凡句改变为高级句的方法。

1. 将两个简单句合并为一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句。

which引导的非限制性定语从句代表主句内容，可由两个简单句之一改造而成。

例1：最近许多中学生有许多乱花钱现象，关于这一点不同的人有不同的看法。

平凡句：Recently many middle school students spend their money on unnecessary things. Different people have different opinions about it.

高级句：Recently many middle school students spend their money on unnecessary things， about which different people have different opinions.

例2：许多男孩学抽烟，这对身体有危害。

平凡句：Many boys learn to smoke. It does harm to their health.

高级句：Many boys learn to smoke， which does harm to their health.

2. 在觀点式陈述句前加过渡性插入语。

一些表示观点的陈述句加上in my opinion， in the opinion of me， in the eyes of me， from the point of view of me， personally speaking， as far as I know， as far as I'm concerned， as we all know， as is known to all等插入语之后往往句式更丰满，情感更浓烈，逻辑更严密，说理更充分，表达效果明显得到提高。

例1： 平凡句：We can't spend too much time in surfing the Internet. 我们不能花太多时间上网。

高级句：In my opinion， we can't spend too much time in surfing the Internet. 我认为我们不能花太多时间上网。

例2：平凡句：Taking exercise does good to our health. 锻炼对健康有好处。

高级句：As we all know / As is known to all， taking exercise does good to our health. 众所周知，锻炼对健康有好处。

例3： 平凡句：Mary is an honest and kind girl. 玛丽是一个诚实善良的女孩。

高级句：As far as I know， Mary is an honest and kind girl. 就我所知而言，玛丽是一个诚实善良的女孩。

3. 在两个简单句之间加上过渡性词汇。

为使两个简单句之间逻辑更严密，过渡更自然，可在其间加上过渡性词汇，将其改造成高级句。

例1：雨下得很大，我们只好呆在旅馆里。

平凡句：It rained heavily. We had to stay at the hotel.

高级句：It rained heavily; as a result， we had to stay at the hotel.

例2：我买了一些时装，又去看了一场精彩的演出。

平凡句：I bought some fashionable clothes. I went to see a wonderful performance.

高级句：I bought some fashionable clothes; besides / what's more， I went to see a wonderful performance.

例3：我在火车站迷了路，天也渐渐地暗了。

平凡句：I was lost at the station. It was getting dark.

高级句：I was lost at the station; what's worse， it was getting dark.

4. 将两个简单句合并为并列句。

两个简单句分别表达时语境缺少连贯性和逻辑性，而加上并列连词改造成并列句后逻辑就严密得多，句式也高级得多。

例1：这道题太难了，我解不出来。

平凡句：This problem is too difficult. I can't work it out.

高级句：This problem is too difficult， so I can't work it out.

例2：我想买这辆自行车，却没有足够的钱。

平凡句：I want to buy this bike. I don't have enough money.

高级句：I want to buy this bike， but I don't have enough money.

5. 将两个简单句合并为复合句。

两个简单句加上从属连词可合并成主从复合句，这是增强语境逻辑、提升表达档次的好方法。

例1：我没带钱，没看成这场电影。

平凡句：I didn't take any money. I couldn't see the film.

高级句：Because I didn't take any money， I couldn't see the film.

例2：你不早点出发就不能及时到达。

平凡句：You don't start early. You can't get there in time.

高级句：If you don't start early， you can't get there in time.

6. 将一般陈述句改为感叹句。

一般陈述句结构平凡，语调平缓，情感色彩不浓，而转换为感叹句后句式变新颖，语气变强烈，情感变浓烈，表达档次明显得到提升。

例1：平凡句：To prevent the pollution is very important. 防止污染很重要。

高级句：How important to prevent the pollution is！ 防止污染多重要啊！

例2：平凡句：She is a clever girl. 她是一个聪明的女孩。

高级句：What a clever girl she is！ 她是一个多么聪明的女孩啊！

7. 将一般陈述句改为倒装句。

陈述句改成倒装句后结构新颖，情感浓烈，表达效果明显增强。

例1：直到太阳落山我们才离开山村。

平凡句：We didn't leave the mountain village until the sun set down.

高级句：Not until the sun set down did we leave the mountain village.

例2：那时我几乎不懂英语学习的重要性。

平凡句：I could hardly understand the importance of English study at that time.

高级句：Hardly could I understand the importance of English study at that time.

8. 将简单句改为强调句。

简单句改为强调句后语气更强烈，感情更充沛，是不可多得的高级句。

例1：他意识到抽烟对他的身体造成了伤害。

平凡句：He realized that smoking did great harm to his health.

高级句：He realized that it was smoking that did great harm to his health.

例2：我们的钱是父母辛苦挣来的。

平凡句：Our money is earned through hard work by our parents.

高級句：It is through hard work that our money is earned by our parents.

9. 将一般性列举句改为such as列举句型。

一般性列举句只起一个罗列事实的作用，而such as列举句型除具有列举功能之外，句式新颖，结构对称。

例1：晚会上将有唱歌、跳舞、做游戏等节目。

平凡句：The party will include singing， dancing and playing games.

高级句：There will be a few programs at the party， such as singing， dancing and playing games.

例2：我们将参观长城、颐和园、紫禁城等名胜古迹。

平凡句：The places of interest we will visit are the Great Wall of China， the Summer Palace and the Forbidden City.

高级句：We will visit several places of interest， such as the Great Wall of China， the Summer Palace and the Forbidden City.

10. 将一般性总结句改为such be总结句型。

such be总结句型常用于人物介绍文或单位介绍文的末尾，对人物或单位进行总结，使用时such be后面接一个名词，然后再用一个名词作其同位语。第二个名词前常用2—3个形容词对人物或单位进行总结性描绘。该句型总结效果好，句式又匀称，是难得的高级句。

例1：平凡句：So we can see Tom is a clever， kind and warm-hearted boy. 所以我们可以看出汤姆是一个聪明、善良和热情的男孩。

高级句：Such is Tom， a clever， kind and warm-hearted boy. 这就是汤姆，一个聪明、善良和热情的男孩。

例2：平凡句：So we can see our school is a beautiful and famous one. 所以我们可以看出我们学校是一个美丽、著名的学校。

高级句：Such is our school， a beautiful and famous one. 这就是我们学校，美丽而又著名。

三、增强使用高级句式的意识

掌握了化平凡为高级的方法并不意味着在写作时一定能用上，只有增强使用高级句式的意识，养成使用高级句式的习惯，才能确保写作时自然贴切地用上。同学们应不断提醒自己写作时一定要用上1—2个并列句、1—2个复合句、2—3个带过渡性词汇的句子和1—2个特殊句式，这样就一定能增强文章的表达效果，提升文章的表达档次，增加文章的实际得分。