宾语从句简化“六法”

朱秀兰

【方法一】

当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise 等，后接宾语从句，且从句与主句主语一致时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：

Su Feng hopes he will be back very soon.

→ Su Feng hopes to be back very soon. 苏锋希望能很快回来。

We decided that we would help him.

→ We decided to help him. 我们决定帮助他。

【方法二】

当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell 等动词时，且主句与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可转化为“疑问词+不定式”的结构。如：

She has forgotten how she opened the window.

→ She has forgotten how to open the window. 她已经忘记怎样打开那扇窗户了。

当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach 等动词时，且后带双宾语，间接宾语和从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”的结构。如：

Could you tell me how I can get to the station？

→ Could you tell me how to get to the station？ 你能告訴我到车站的路吗？

但是，如果间接宾语与从句主语不一致，一般不要把宾语从句简化，否则会产生歧义。如：

He didn’t tell me where he would go.

→ He didn’t tell me where to go.

简化的句子含义可能有以下两种：“他没有告诉我他要去什么地方”或“他没有告诉我我要去什么地方”。

【方法三】

当主句谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句主语不一样，宾语从句可转化为“名词（代词）+不定式”的结构。如：

The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.

→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.  校长命令我们立即出发。

【方法四】

在某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。如：

He insisted that he should go with us.

→ He insisted on going with us. 他坚决认为应该和我们一起去。

The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.

→ The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

这个可怜的孩子不知道他出生于何时何地。

【方法五】

某些动词后的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+v.-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”。如：

Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.

→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground. 刘萍发现地上有个钱包。

【方法六】

某些动词后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。如：

It seemed that the boys were going to win.

→ The boys seemed to win. 男孩子们看起来要获胜了。

除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。如：

I found that it was difficult to learn English well.

→ I found it difficult to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很困难。

We found that the ground was covered with thick snow.

→ We found the ground covered with thick snow. 我们发现地面被厚厚的雪覆盖了。

【巩固提高】

根据上句完成下句，使两句意思基本相同或相近。

1. I’ll take back what I said.

I’ll take back_______.

2. The teacher found that the boy was very interested in science.

The teacher found the boy _______science.

3. I really don’t know what I should read.

I really don’t know_______.

4. I forget I have closed the window.

I forget_______the window.