多西他赛联合表柔比星方案化疗对三阴性乳腺癌患者p53及血管内皮生长因子的影响

2020-04-16 13:03崔海金永民高爱花
中国当代医药 2020年8期
关键词:多西他赛新辅助化疗血管内皮生长因子

崔海 金永民 高爱花

[摘要]目的 研究多西他賽联合表柔比星方案化疗治疗三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)患者的效果及对肿瘤抑制蛋白p53(p53)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的影响。方法 选取2013年1月~2015年12月我院收治的124例女性TNBC患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为实验组(n=62)与对照组(n=62)。对照组患者行环磷酰胺联合表柔比星方案化疗,实验组患者行多西他赛联合表柔比星方案化疗。观察两组患者治疗前后血清VEGF亚型(VEGF A、VEGF B、VEGF C)水平、p53阳性表达率,比较两组患者的临床疗效、1~3年生存率及毒副作用发生情况。结果 治疗后,实验组患者的VEGF A、VEGF B、VEGF C水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组患者治疗后的p53阳性表达率低于对照组,客观有效(OR)率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者1、2年生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验组患者的3年生存率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的毒副作用发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 多西他赛、表柔比星新辅助化疗可有效杀灭TNBC,抑制VEGF各亚型及p53表达,3年生存率高,毒副作用少,安全可靠。

[关键词]多西他赛;表柔比星;新辅助化疗;三阴性乳腺癌;肿瘤抑制蛋白p53;血管内皮生长因子

[中图分类号] R737.9     [文献标识码] A     [文章编号] 1674-4721(2020)3(b)-0008-05

Influence of Docetaxel combined with Epirubicin regimen chemotherapy on p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with triple negative breast cancer

CUI Hai   JIN Yong-min   GAO Ai-hua

Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Jilin Province, Yanji   133000, China

[Abstract] Objective To study the effect of Docetaxel combined with Epirubicin regimen chemotherapy in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and influence on tumor suppressor protein p53 (p53) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods A total of 124 female TNBC patients admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into experimental group (n=62) and control group (n=62) according to the random number table method. The Control group received Cyclophosphamide combined with Epirubicin regimen chemotherapy, while the experimental group received Docetaxel combined with Epirubicin regimen chemotherapy. The levels of serum VEGF subtypes such as VEGF A, VEGF B, VEGF C and p53 positive expression rates were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. The clinical efficacy, 1 to 3-year survival rates and incidence of toxic and side effect in the two groups of patients were compared. Results After treatment, the levels of VEGF A, VEGF B, and VEGF C in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the positive expression rate of p53 in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, and the objective response (OR) rate was higher than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the 1- and 2-year survival rates between the two groups of patients (P>0.05). The 3-year survival rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of toxic and side effect between the two groups of patients (P>0.05). Conclusion Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with Docetaxel and Epirubicin can effectively kill TNBC, and inhibit the expression of VEGF subtypes and p53. The 3-year survival rate is high, the toxic and side effect is less, and it is safe and reliable.

2.4两组患者1~3年内生存情况的比较

两组患者1、2年生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验组患者的3年生存率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表5)。

2.5两组患者毒副作用发生情况的比较

两组患者的毒副作用发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表6)。

3讨论

TNBC具有恶性程度高,早期易转移等特点[6]。术前行NC不但能够有效缩小病灶体积,降低病灶分期,清除机体微转移灶及游离癌细胞团,使无法行手术治疗的患者获得手术治疗的机会,还可为术后化疗方案的选择提供参考[7]。

作为紫杉烷化类药物,多西他赛作用机制类似于紫杉醇[8]。多西他赛可特异性干预细胞微管网,抑制微管解聚与促进微管蛋白聚合,阻断肿瘤细胞周期于M期、G2期,使其有丝分裂无法正常进行,致使其凋亡[9]。多西他赛可调控免疫细胞,引发特异性免疫及天然免疫。和直接杀灭肿瘤细胞相比较,作为免疫剂,多西他赛具有药理活性高、毒副作用少的优点[10]。表柔比星为蒽环类药物,可降低转录酶活性,抑制DNA转录、复制,干预细胞周期,使细胞周期无法正常延续,从而达到杀灭肿瘤细胞,抑制其远处转移的目的[11]。表柔比星可作用于肿瘤细胞DNA碱基对,干预DNA转录、合成,抑制合成DNA[12]。表柔比星还可干预肿瘤细胞逆转录,抑制合成RNA,促使肿瘤细胞凋亡[13]。本研究结果显示,实验组患者的OR率、3年生存率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者的毒副作用发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),提示多西他赛联合表柔比星方案化疗治疗TNBC可有效杀灭肿瘤细胞,提高患者OR率,延长生存时间,且毒副作用相对较少,较环磷酰胺联合表柔比星方案效果更好。

p53为p53基因生成的蛋白,按p53基因不同p53分為野生型p53、突变型p53两种类型[14]。野生型p53对DNA具有保护作用,不但可避免其受到射线及药物影响,修复DNA损伤,还可作用于G期细胞,维持其正常增殖、分化,抑制其恶性增殖,杀灭癌变细胞[15]。p53基因突变可生成突变型p53,致使p53丧失正常功能,难以维持正常细胞周期,并诱导发生异常有丝分裂,导致细胞癌变。此外,突变型p53对野生型p53具有较强的抑制作用,可抑制野生型p53发挥正常抑癌功能,致使恶性肿瘤发生[16]。研究证明,突变型p53过度表达说明癌基因大量扩增,癌细胞增殖能力较强[17]。因野生型p53半衰期较短,难以经免疫组化检测,而突变型p53半衰期较长,通常可经免疫组化检出[18]。VEGF可特异性促进内皮细胞增殖及新生血管形成,增加血管通透性,是肿瘤发生、进展的基础[19]。VEGF A、VEGF B可经结合VEGFR1激活AKT、ERK、PI3K等信号通道路劲诱导内皮细胞增殖,导致新生血管形成,促进肿瘤生长及转移[20]。VEGF A、VEGF C可结合VEGFR1促进新生淋巴管形成,导致肿瘤发生淋巴结转移[21]。且经VEGF C促进生成的淋巴管具有淋巴清除水平差、无瓣膜功能等特征,有助于肿瘤的淋巴转移[22]。本研究中,实验组患者治疗后的VEGF各亚型及p53阳性表达率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示多西他赛联合表柔比星方案化疗可有效清除TNBC病灶,抑制VEGF各亚型及突变型p53生成。

综上所述,多西他赛、表柔比星新辅助化疗可有效杀灭TNBC,抑制VEGF各亚型及p53表达,3年生存率高,安全可靠,值得推荐。

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(收稿日期:2019-09-04  本文编辑:任秀兰)

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