四川唐松草属三新种

王文采

(中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室，北京 100093)

同事朱相云、张树仁、杨永诸先生带领他们的学生于2018年春至秋季到四川横断山区的康定、泸定和九龙3个县，考察那里丰富、复杂的植物区系，采集了大量植物标本。最近，我在鉴定其中毛茛科植物标本的过程中，发现上述3个县各有一唐松草属新种，下面予以描述。

康定唐松草 图1

图1 康定唐松草 A.上部茎生叶和腋生聚伞圆锥花序；B.萼片；C.二雄蕊；D.心皮Fig.1 Thalictrum kangdingense 1.Upper cauline leaf and axillary thyrse; B.Sepal; C.Two stamens; D.Carpel(from holotype)

ThalictrumkangdingenseW.T.Wang, sp. nov.Fig.1

(Sect.LeptostigmaB. Boivin)

Ob herbam totam glabram, staminum filamenta tenuiter clavata et carpellorum stylos uncinatos species nova haec est affinisT.xinningensiW.T.Wang, a quo foliolis conspicue 3-lobatis, thyrsis minoribus ca. 3.5 cm longis, sepalis anguste obovatis apice acutis, flore staminibus ca. 11 praedito differt. InT.xinningensi, foliola indivisa vel inconspicue 3-lobulata, thyrsi majores 6-10 cm longi, sepala anguste elliptica apice obtusa, et flos staminibus ca. 30 praeditus est.

Herbs perennial, ca, 1.2 m tall, totally glabrous. Stems above branched. Upper cauline leaves 2-3-ternate, shortly petiolate; blades broadly ovate, 6.0-8.0 cm long, 6.0-10 cm broad; leaflets petiolulate, papery, broad-rhombic, broad-ovate, ovate or obovate, 1.5-3.0 cm long, 1.2-3.2 cm broad, at base rounded or truncate, 3-lobed, central lobe obtusely 3-lobulate or 3-dentate, lateral lobes broad-ovate, below 1-lobulate or undivided; nerves adaxially nearly flat, abaxially slightly prominent; petiolules 0.1-1.8 cm long; petioles 0.5-2.5 cm long. Thyrses terminal and axillary, ca. 3.5 cm long, 8.0-15-flowered; peduncles slender, 4.0-11.5 cm long; lower bracts 3-sect or 3-lobed, 5.0-7.0 mm long, upper bracts undivided, linear or subulate, 0.8-1.5 mm long; pedicels filiform, 1.5-10 mm long. Flower: Spals 3, narrow-obovate, 2.0-2.2 mm long, 1 mm broad, apex shortly acuminate; each sepal with 3 basal nerves(midrib once dichotomizing, and 2 lateral nerves simple). Stamens ca. 11; filaments 4.0-4.5 mm long, above oblanceolate-linear, narrower than anther, below filiform; anthers oblong, 1.0-1.2 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, apex obtuse. Carpels 4.0-6.0; ovaries ellipsoid, ca. 2.5 mm long, 1.2 mm broad; styles ca. 1.5 mm long, above hooked.

四川(Sichuan)：康定县，巴王海(Kangding Xian,Bawanghai),alt. 3 137 m,林下(in forest)，2018-07-17,朱相云，蒋勇，祖奎玲，张若鹏(X.Y.Zhu,Y.Jiang,K.L.Zu & R.P.Zhang) GG226(holotype,PE,02293701)。

本种植株全部无毛，雄蕊花丝细棒状，心皮花柱钩状弯曲，因此与具上述形态特征的新宁唐松草(T.xinningenseW.T.Wang)在亲缘关系上相近，与后者的区别在于本种的小叶明显3浅裂，聚伞圆锥花序较小，长3.5 cm，萼片狭倒卵形，顶端急尖，花具约11枚雄蕊。在新宁唐松草，小叶不分裂或不明显3微裂，聚伞圆锥花序较大，长6.0～10 cm，萼片狭椭圆形，顶端钝，花具约30枚雄蕊[1]。

细茎唐松草 图2

图2 细茎唐松草 A.植株全形；B.萼片；C.雄蕊；D.心皮Fig.2 Thalictrum tenuicaule A.Habit; B.Sepal; C.Stamen; D.Carpel(from holotype)

ThalictrumtenuicauleW.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig.2

[Sect.Rutifolia(Prantl) W.T.Wang]

Habitu species nova haec est simillimaT.jilongensiW.T.Wang, a quo monochasiis tantum 2.0-4.0-floris, sepali nervis basalibus tribus omnibus semel dichotomo-ramificantibus, antheris apice mucronatis, ovariis utrinque longitudinaliter 1-nervibus, stigmatibus haud alatis distinguitur. InT.jilongensi, monochasia 10-flora, sepali nervi basales tres omnes simplices, antherae apice haud mucronatae, ovaria nervis carentia, stigmata utrinque anguste alata sunt.

Herbs perennial, ca. 65 cm tall, totally glabrous. Stems slender, above base 2 mm across, simple, ca. 4-leaved. Basal leaf 1, with lowermost cauline leaf 3-ternate and long petiolate; blades 4.0-6.0 cm long, below 5.0-7.0 cm broad; leaflets thinly papery, obovate, broad-rhombic or broad-elliptic, 0.6-1.2 cm long, 0.5-1 cm broad, at base rounded or broadly cuneate, 2.0-3.0-lobulate, 2.0-3.0-lobed or 2-3-dentate, with flat inconspicuous nerves; petiolules 0.5-5.0 mm long; petioles 4.0-5.5 cm long. Monochasia terminal, 2-10 cm long, 2-4-flowered; bracts similar to upper cauline leaves, 0.7-2 cm long; pedicels filiform, 0.8-2.5 cm long. Flower: Sepals 4, greenish-white, elliptic, ca. 3.0 mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm broad; each sepal with 3 once dichotomizing basal nerves. Stamens 6-9; filaments filiform, ca. 4 mm long; anthers narrow-oblong, ca. 2.2 mm long, 0.4 mm broad, apex mucronate, with mucrones 0.25-1.4 mm long. Carpels 2-3; ovaries bilaterally compressed, narrow-elliptic, ca. 3 mm long, 1.2 mm broad, longitudinally 1-nerved; styles subulate, ca. 1.2 mm long, abaxially with thin stigmatic tissue.

四川(Sichuan)：泸定县，海螺沟，4号营地(Luding Xian,Hailuogou,camp no.4),alt.3 715 m，高山草甸(on alpine meadow),2018-07-15，杨永，李海文，杨智，王宇(Y.Yang,H.W.Li,Z.Yang & Y.Wang) GGS181(holotype,PE，条形码号02293705；Isotype,PE,02293702)。

本种在体态上与吉隆唐松草(T.jilongenseW.T.Wang)极为相似，与后者的区别在于本种的单岐聚散花序只有2～4花，萼片的3条基出脉均1回二岐分枝，花药顶端具小尖头，子房两侧各有1条纵脉，柱头无翅。在吉隆唐松草，单岐聚伞花序有10花，萼片的3条基出脉均不分枝，花药顶端不具小尖头，子房无脉，柱头两侧各有1狭翅[1]。

九龙唐松草 图3

图3 九龙唐松草 A.开花植株上部；B.萼片；C.雄蕊；D.心皮Fig.3 Thalictrum jiulongense A.Upper part of flowering plant; B.Sepal; C.Stamen; D.Carpel(from holoetype)

ThalictrumjiulongenseW.T.Wang,sp.nov.Fig.3

(Sect.Thalictrum)

Species nova haec est arcte affinisT.minoriL., a quo sepalis anguste oblongis, stigmatibus longioribus anguste triangularibus 1 mm longis et 0.4 mm latis utrinque anguste alatis praeclare recedit. InT.minore, sepala elliptica, et stigmata breviora deltoidea 0.5 mm longa et 0.6 mm lata utrinque late alata sunt.

Herbs perennial, ca. 65 cm tall, totally glabrous. Stems above base 5 mm across, above 4-branched, 4-leaved. Central cauline leaves 3-4-ternate, shortly petiolate; blades ca. 9 cm long, below 6 cm broad; leaflets chartaceous, broad-rhombic, obovate or obliquely elliptic, 0.5-1.2 cm long, 0.4-1.2 cm broad, at base usually broadly cuneate, 3-lobed(lobes 1-3-dentate or entire) or 3-dentate, with nerves adaxially slightly impressed and abaxially prominent; petiolules 0.1-1.5 cm long; petioles ca. 1 cm long. Thyrses terminal, 10-14 cm long, below 5-8 cm broad, densely many-flowered; bracts foliaceous; pedicels filiform, 0.6-3.0 cm long. Flower: Sepals 4, whitish, narrow-oblong, ca. 5 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, at apex acute; each sepal with 3 simple basal nerves. Stamens ca. 15; filaments filirorm, (2-)5-6 mm long; anthers narrow-oblong, 3.2-3.5 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm broad, apex minlutely mucronate, with mucrones ca. 0.1 mm long. Carpels ca. 6; ovaries bilaterally compressed, obovate, ca. 2 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, on each side inconspicuously and longitudinally 1-nerved; styles ca. 1 mm long; stigmas narrow-triangular, ca. 1 mm long, on each side with a narrow wing ca. 0.2 mm broad.

四川(Sichuan)：九龙县，纳布厂，磨子沟(Jiulong Xian,Nabuchang,Mozigou) alt. 3 836 m, 山坡(on slope),2018-07-20,张树仁，杨杰，张薇(S.R.Zhang,J.Yang & W.Zhang) GGS10362(holotype, PE，条形码号02293703)。

本种与亚欧唐松草(T.minusL.)在亲缘关系上颇为相近，与后者的区别在于本种的萼片呈狭长圆形，柱头较长，呈狭三角形，长1.0 mm，宽0.4 mm，在两侧各有1条狭翅。在欧亚唐松草，萼片呈椭圆形，柱头较短，呈正三角形，长0.5 mm，宽0.6 mm，在两侧各有1条宽翅[1]。

致谢蒙朱相云教授提供标本，孙英宝先生绘图并打印稿件，作者在此表示衷心感谢。