血芙蓉化学成分的研究

2020-01-17 23:17孙志青刘立云黄胜阳
中成药 2020年4期
关键词:萜类芙蓉乙酸乙酯

孙志青,刘立云,孙 岩,黄胜阳

(北京工业大学生命科学与生物工程学院,环境与病毒肿瘤学北京市重点实验室,北京 100124)

血芙蓉为唇形科石蚕属植物血芙蓉Teucrium viscidumBl.的地上部分,广泛分布于山西、江苏、浙江、福建、台湾、江西等地[1],主要含有萜类、黄酮类、苯丙素类等成分,具有消炎镇痛、清热解毒、健脾利湿、助消化、抗疟疾等功效[2]。近年来石蚕属植物的药用价值引起了人们的关注,但相关研究还很欠缺,本实验对该属成员血芙蓉化学成分进行分析,从而为相关临床用药提供科学依据。

1 材料

Bruker 400 MHz 超导核磁共振波谱仪、Esquire 6000 离子阱液质联用仪(德国Bruker 公司);RE-300 旋转蒸发仪(英国Stuart 公司);V-500 隔膜式真空泵(瑞士Buchi 公司);KQ-50DE 台式数控超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司);柱色谱、薄层硅胶(青岛海洋化工有限公司);Sephadex LH-20(美国Ge 公司);GEL ODS-A12 nm S-75 μm YMC(日本YMC 公司)。石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、丙酮、甲醇均为分析纯,购于北京化学试剂厂。

血芙蓉采自山西省临汾市,由北京工业大学生命科学与生物工程学院黄胜阳副教授鉴定为唇形科石蚕属植物血芙蓉Teucrium viscidumBl.的干燥地上部分,标本保存于北京工业大学生命科学与生物工程学院中药与天然药物实验室。

2 提取与分离

取干燥血芙蓉5.0 kg,粉碎,70%乙醇加热超声提取3 次,每次1.5 h,减压回收乙醇得到浸膏,以水悬浮后分别用氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,萃取相减压浓缩,得到各萃取物。氯仿萃取物(7.26 g)用硅胶(100~200 目)进行柱色谱分离,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(1∶0~0∶1)及乙酸乙酯-甲醇(1∶0~1∶1)梯度洗脱,收集流份,合并相同组分,再依次用硅胶(200~300 目)进行柱色谱纯化,以氯仿-丙酮溶剂系统洗脱,分别得到化合物1(40.36 mg)、2(33.45 mg)、3(13.15 mg)。乙酸乙酯萃取物(48.36 g)用硅胶柱色谱进行分离,以氯仿-甲醇(60∶1~0∶1)梯度洗脱,等流份收集,经TLC 检测后合并,再反复用Sephadex LH-20 凝胶柱色谱纯化,分别得到化合物4(17.15 mg)、5(21.33 mg)、6(20.09 mg)、7(11.45 mg)、8(9.78 mg)、9(19.55 mg)。正丁醇萃取物(102.39 g)用ODS 反相硅胶进行柱色谱分离,以甲醇-水按20%、40%、60%、80%、100%梯度洗脱,相应洗脱物再经Sephadex LH-20 凝胶柱色谱分离,分别得到化合物10(6.16 mg)、11(13.28 mg)、12(30.74 mg)、13(13.28 mg)、14(13.15 mg)、15(43.46 mg)、16(30.74 mg)、17(23.15 mg)、18(43.46 mg)、19(22.66 mg)、20(32.86 mg)。

3 结构鉴定

化合物1:白色针状结晶[CHCl3-(CH3)2CO],ESI-MSm/z:471.4 [M-H]-。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:11.79(1H,brs,-COOH),5.34(1H,t,J=3.6,3.6 Hz,H-12),3.40(1H,s,-OH),3.14(1H,m,H-3),2.25(1H,s,H-18),1.07(3H,s,H-23),0.95(3H,s,H-27),0.91(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-30),0.81(3H,s,H-26),0.78(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-29),0.69(3H,s,H-24),0.67(3H,s,H-25);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:179.1(C-28),138.6(C-13),124.9(C-12),77.1(C-3),74.6(C-20),55.3(C-5),52.8(C-18),46.9(C-9),42.8(C-14),39.9(C-17),39.1(C-19),38.9(C-4),38.3(C-1),37.6(C-10),37.5(C-8),36.3(C-22),33.3(C-7),29.8(C-21),28.4(C-23),28.1(C-15),27.6(C-2),24.0(C-16),23.7(C-27),23.2(C-11),21.8(C-30),18.5(C-6),17.8(C-29),17.4(C-26),16.2(C-24),15.9(C-25)。以上数据与文献[3]基本一致,故鉴定为20β-羟基熊果酸。

化合物2:无色针状结晶[CHCl3-(CH3)2CO]。其氯仿溶液点于薄层板上并喷洒10%硫酸-乙醇溶液加热显紫红色,与β-谷甾醇对照品共薄层在3种不同溶剂系统中展开,Rf值及显色均一致,故鉴定为β-谷甾醇[4]。

化合物3:白色粉末[(CH3)2CO],ESI-MSm/z:427.4 [M+H]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:4.67(1H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-29a),4.55(1H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-29b),3.19(1H,dd,J=4.8,11.4 Hz,H-3),1.67(3H,s,H-30),1.07(3H,s,H-26),0.98(3H,s,H-23),0.93(3H,s,H-27),0.86(3H,s,H-25),0.78(3H,s,H-28),0.75(3H,s,H-24);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:150.8(C-20),109.5(C-29),78.3(C-3),54.9(C-5),50.4(C-9),48.4(C-18),48.2(C-19),42.8(C-17),42.5(C-14),40.8(C-8),40.0(C-22),39.2(C-4),38.7(C-1),38.3(C-13),37.2(C-10),35.4(C-16),34.1(C-7),29.8(C-21),28.2(C-23),27.2(C-2),27.1(C-15),25.3(C-12),21.4(C-11),19.5(C-30),18.5(C-6),18.3(C-28),16.5(C-25),16.1(C-26),15.3(C-24),14.5(C-27)。以上数据与文献[5]基本一致,故鉴定为羽扇豆醇。

化合物4:白色结晶性粉末[(CH3)2CO],ESI-MSm/z:455.4 [M-H]-。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:5.13(1H,t,J=3.6,3.6 Hz,H-12),4.26(1H,s,-OH),3.33(1H,s,H-5),1.11(3H,s,H-27),0.96(3H,s,H-23),0.93(3H,s,H-30),0.92(3H,s,H-24),0.89(3H,s,H-29),0.81(3H,s,H-25),0.76(3H,s,H-26);13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:178.7(C-28),138.6(C-13),125.0(C-12),77.3(C-3),55.2(C-5),52.8(C-17),47.5(C-9),47.3(C-19),42.1(C-18),40.6(C-14),39.8(C-8),38.9(C-4),38.8(C-10),38.7(C-1),36.8(C-29),36.7(C-21),33.2(C-7),30.7(C-22),28.7(C-20),28.0(C-23),27.5(C-15),24.3(C-2),23.7(C-27),23.3(C-30),21.5(C-16),18.5(C-11),17.5(C-6),17.4(C-26),16.5(C-24),15.7(C-25)。以上数据与文献[6]基本一致,故鉴定为齐墩果酸。

化合物5:白色结晶性粉末[(CH3)2CO],ESI-MSm/z:285.0 [M-H]-。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:12.97(1H,s,OH-5),10.67(1H,s,OH-7),9.82(1H,s,OH-4′),9.60(1H,s,OH-3′),7.42(2H,dd,J=6.8,8.8 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.90(1H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-5′),6.66(1H,s,H-3),6.44(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-8),6.19(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6);13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:182.1(C-4),164.6(C-7),164.3(C-2),161.9(C-5),157.7(C-9),150.1(C-4′),146.2(C-3′),121.9(C-1′),119.4(C-6′),116.5(C-5′),113.8(C-2′),104.2(C-10),103.3(C-3),99.3(C-6),94.3(C-8)。以上数据与文献[7]基本一致,故鉴定为木犀草素。

化合物6:黄色粉末(CH3OH),ESI-MSm/z:301.0 [M-H]-。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:12.48(1H,s,OH-5),10.77(1H,s,OH-7),9.36(3H,brs,OH-3,4′,3′),7.67(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-2′),7.54(1H,dd,J=2.0,8.8 Hz,H-6′),6.88(1H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-5′),6.40(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-8),6.18(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6);13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:176.3(C-4),164.4(C-2),161.2(C-9),156.6(C-7),148.2(C-5),147.3(C-4′),145.2(C-3′),136.2(C-1′),122.4(C-6′),120.4(C-5′),116.1(C-2′),115.5(C-10),103.4(C-3),98.6(C-8),93.8(C-6)。以上数据与文献[8]基本一致,故鉴定为槲皮素。

化合物7:淡黄色针状结晶(CH3OH),ESI-MSm/z:269.0 [M-H]-。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:12.96(1H,s,OH-5),10.59(1H,s,OH-7),10.57(1H,s,OH-4′),7.93(2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.93(2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.78(1H,s,H-3),6.48(1H,brs,H-8),6.19(1H,brs,H-6);13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:182.2(C-4),164.8(C-7),164.2(C-2),161.9(C-5),161.6(C-4′),157.8(C-9),128.9(C-2′,6′),121.6(C-1′),116.4(C-3′,5′),104.1(C-10),103.3(C-3),99.3(C-6),94.4(C-8)。以上数据与文献[9]基本一致,故鉴定为芹菜素。

化合物8:白色无定型粉末(CH3OH),不溶于氯仿,Liebermann-Burchard、Molish 反应阳性,表明该化合物为甾体苷类。其与β-胡萝卜苷对照品共薄层在3 种不同溶剂系统中展开时,Rf值及显色均一致,故鉴定为β-胡萝卜苷。

化合物9:黄白色结晶性粉末(CH3OH),ESI-MSm/z:431.1 [M-H]-。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:12.96(1H,s,OH-5),10.40(1H,s,OH-4′),7.96(2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.94(2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.87(1H,s,H-3),6.83(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-8),6.45(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6),5.07(1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-1″),3.71~3.20(6H,m,糖基质子);13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:181.9(C-4),163.4(C-2),161.3(C-7),161.0(C-5),157.8(C-4′),157.4(C-9),129.1(C-2′,6′),121.5(C-1′),116.4(C-3′,5′),105.8(C-10),103.6(C-3),100.4(C-6),99.5(C-1″),95.3(C-8),77.6(C-3″),76.9(C-5″),73.6(C-2″),70.0(C-4″),61.1(C-6″)。以上数据与文献[10]基本一致,故鉴定为芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷。

化合物10:黄白色无定型粉末(CH3OH),ESI-MSm/z:353.2 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:6.90(1H,s,H-14),4.58(1H,brs,H-7),4.52(1H,brs,OH-2),4.05(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-20a),3.64(1H,m,H-2),2.97(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-20b),2.78(1H,m,H-15),2.20(1H,dd,J=12.8,13.6 Hz,H-1a),2.06(1H,d,J=12.8 Hz,H-1b),1.82(1H,m,H-6a),1.67(1H,m,H-3b),1.56(1H,dd,J=12.0,14.0 Hz,H-6b),1.27(1H,dd,J=6.4,12.0 Hz,H-5),1.04(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-17),1.03(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-16),1.02(1H,m,H-3a),1.01(3H,s,H-19),0.82(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:179.2(C-12),176.4(C-11),150.9(C-8),147.9(C-13),139.2(C-9),132.2(C-14),68.5(C-7),67.3(C-20),62.5(C-2),49.1(C-3),41.7(C-10),41.1(C-5),38.3(C-1),34.2(C-4),33.4(C-18),26.9(C-15),26.8(C-6),21.6(C-19),21.4(C-16),21.2(C-17)。以上数据与文献[11]基本一致,故鉴定为teuvisone。

化合物11:黄白色无定型粉末(CH3OH),ESI-MSm/z:289.1 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:5.08(1H,s,H-14a),4.94(1H,s,H-14b),4.48(1H,dd,J=2.4,10.4 Hz,H-6),3.93(1H,m,H-3),3.89(1H,m,H-8),3.18(1H,m,H-11),3.04(1H,d,J=11.2 Hz,H-9b),2.79(1H,m,H-1),2.56(1H,m,H-7),2.32(1H,d,J=11.2 Hz,H-9a),2.21(2H,m,H-2b,4),2.04(1H,m,H-5),2.03(1H,m,H-2a),1.47(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-15),1.44(3H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-13);13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSOd6)δ:179.5(C-12),144.8(C-10),114.1(C-14),83.0(C-6),78.3(C-3),71.1(C-8),56.1(C-7),51.2(C-5),48.1(C-9),47.9(C-4),43.6(C-1),39.9(C-11),39.5(C-2),19.4(C-15),11.4(C-13)。以上数据与文献[12]基本一致,故鉴定为lipidiol。

化合物12:黄色无定型粉末(CH3OH),ESIMSm/z:425.2 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:7.49(1H,s,H-15),7.44(1H,s,H-16),6.35(1H,s,H-14),5.25(1H,dd,J=7.2,8.8 Hz,H-12),4.66(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,19a),4.49(1H,t,J=3.2,3.2 Hz,H-6),4.35(1H,d,J=12.4 Hz,H-19b),2.75(1H,dd,J=3.2,7.2 Hz,H-4),2.44(1H,dd,J=11.6,14.0 Hz,H-11a),2.39(1H,m,H-7b),2.31(1H,dd,J=7.2,14.0 Hz,H-11b),2.24(1H,m,H-7a),2.09(3H,s,CH3COO-19),2.04(1H,m,H-1b),1.91(1H,m,H-8),1.89(1H,m,H-3b),1.87(1H,m,H-2a),1.76(1H,m,H-1a),1.70(1H,m,H-10),1.58(1H,m,H-3a),1.51(1H,m,H-2b),1.01(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-17);13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:177.5(C-20),177.1(C-18),170.2(-CH3COO),144.6(C-15),140.2(C-16),125.3(C-13),108.2(C-14),77.9(C-6),72.1(C-12),59.5(C-19),50.4(C-9),47.1(C-10),46.0(C-5),45.7(C-4),41.9(C-11),34.5(C-8),29.0(C-7),24.5(C-3),21.1(-Ac),20.9(C-2),19.8(C-1),16.5(C-17)。以上数据与文献[13]基本一致,故鉴定为teucvisin B。

化合物13:白色无定型粉末(CH3OH),ESIMSm/z:375.2 [M+H]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSOd6)δ:7.30(1H,s,H-3),5.24(1H,d,J=4.0 Hz,H-1),4.48(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-1′),3.65(1H,m,H-6′b),3.45(1H,m,H-6′a),3.38(1H,m,H-5′),3.32(1H,m,H-3′),3.27(1H,m,H-4′),3.21(1H,s,H-2′),3.17(3H,s,-OCH3),2.75(1H,m,H-5),2.31(1H,m,H-9),2.24(1H,m,H-8),1.91(1H,m,H-6a),1.70(1H,m,H-7a),1.50(1H,m,H-6b),1.21(1H,m,H-7b),1.03(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-10);13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:168.5(C-11),151.5(C-3),112.2(C-4),102.7(C-1′),99.0(C-1),77.8(C-5′),77.2(C-3′),74.5(C-2′),70.1(C-4′),61.3(C-6′),49.1(C-12),42.9(C-9),35.8(C-8),33.1(C-5),32.5(C-7),31.3(C-6),16.6(C-10)。以上数据与文献[14]基本一致,故鉴定为1,5,9-epideoxyloganin。

化合物14:白色无定型粉末(CH3OH),ESIMSm/z:359.1 [M-H]-。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:11.72(1H,s,-COOH),7.31(1H,s,H-3),5.24(1H,d,J=4.0 Hz,H-1),4.48(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-1′),4.42(1H,m,H-6′b),4.09(1H,m,H-6′a),3.65(1H,m,H-5′),3.46(1H,m,H-3′),3.15(1H,m,H-4′),3.09(1H,m,H-2′),3.00(1H,m,H-5),2.26(1H,m,H-9),2.21(1H,m,H-8),1.91(1H,m,H-6a),1.70(1H,m,H-7a),1.50(1H,m,H-6b),1.21(1H,m,H-7b),1.01(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-10);13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:168.4(-COO),151.5(C-3),112.2(C-4),102.7(C-1′),99.0(C-1),77.8(C-5′),77.2(C-3′),74.5(C-2′),70.2(C-4′),61.4(C-6′),42.9(C-9),35.8(C-8),33.1(C-5),32.5(C-7),31.3(C-6),16.7(C-10)。以上数据与文献[15]基本一致,故鉴定为1,5,9-epideoxyloganic acid。

化合物15:白色无定型粉末(CH3OH),ESIMSm/z:375.2 [M+H]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:7.31(1H,s,H-3),5.24(1H,d,J=4.0 Hz,H-1),4.48(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-1′),4.42(1H,m,H-6′b),4.09(1H,m,H-6′a),3.65(1H,m,H-5′),3.46(1H,m,H-3′),3.17(1H,m,H-4′),3.09(1H,m,H-2′),3.00(1H,m,H-5),2.27(1H,m,H-9),2.24(1H,m,H-8),1.91(1H,m,H-6a),1.69(1H,m,H-7a),1.51(1H,m,H-6b),1.21(1H,m,H-7b),1.01(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-10);13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:168.4(C-11),151.5(C-3),112.2(C-4),102.7(C-1),99.0(C-1′),77.8(C-3′),77.2(C-5′),74.5(C-2′),70.2(C-4′),61.4(C-6′),49.1(C-12),42.9(C-9),35.8(C-8),33.1(C-7),32.5(C-6),31.3(C-5),16.7(C-10)。以上数据与文献[16]基本一致,故鉴定为5-epideoxyloganin。

化合物16:黄色针状结晶(CH3OH),ESI-MSm/z:727.2 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSOd6)δ:7.31(1H,s,H-3),6.41(1H,dd,J=2.0,6.4 Hz,H-3″),5.43(1H,d,J=4.0 Hz,H-1),5.04(1H,d,J=4.0 Hz,H-1″),4.89(1H,dd,J=4.0,4.0 Hz,H-4″),4.48(1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-1′),4.42(1H,dd,J=2.0,7.2 Hz,H-6″a),4.07(1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-1″″),4.01(1H,d,J=13.2 Hz,H-10″a),3.65(1H,d,J=13.2 Hz,H-10″b),3.46(1H,brs,H-7″),2.98(1H,m,H-5),2.75(1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-9″),2.50(1H,m,H-5″),2.25(1H,m,H-8),2.23(1H,m,H-9),2.10(1H,m,H-6a),1.72(1H,m,H-7a),1.51(1H,m,H-6b),1.33(1H,m,H-7b),1.01(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-10);13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:168.4(C-11),151.5(C-3),141.3(C-3″),112.2(C-4),102.7(C-4″),98.9(C-1′),98.1(C-1‴),95.2(C-1),94.2(C-1″),80.5(C-6″),77.8(C-3′),77.3(C-3‴),77.2(C-5′),76.5(C-5‴),73.9(C-2′),73.5(C-2‴),70.6(C-4′),70.2(C-4‴),65.2(C-8″),61.6(C-6′),61.4(C-6‴),60.1(C-10″),58.7(C-7″),43.9(C-9),43.0(C-9″),37.0(C-5″),34.1(C-8),33.1(C-7),32.5(C-5),31.4(C-6),16.7(C-10)。以上数据与文献[17]基本一致,故鉴定为argylioside。

化合物17:白色无定型粉末(CH3OH),ESIMSm/z:383.1 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:7.31(1H,s,H-3),5.24(1H,d,J=4.0 Hz,H-1),4.48(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-1′),3.65(1H,dd,J=2.8,11.6 Hz,H-6′b),3.46(1H,dd,J=5.2,11.6 Hz,H-6′a),2.75(1H,m,H-5),2.22(1H,m,H-8),2.11(1H,m,H-9),1.91(1H,m,H-6b),1.70(1H,d,H-7b),1.50(1H,s,H-6a),1.27(1H,m,H-7a),1.01(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-10);13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSOd6)δ:168.5(C-11),151.4(C-3),112.2(C-4),102.7(C-1′),98.9(C-1),77.8(C-3′),77.2(C-5′),74.5(C-2′),70.2(C-4′),61.4(C-6′),43.0(C-9),35.8(C-8),33.1(C-5),32.5(C-7),31.4(C-6),16.7(C-10)。以上数据与文献[18]基本一致,故鉴定为8-epideoxyloganic acid。

化合物18:白色无定型粉末(CH3OH),ESIMSm/z:729.3 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:7.31(1H,s,H-3),5.24(1H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-1),5.02(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-1″),4.77(1H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-6″a),4.48(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-1′),4.46(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-1‴),3.81(1H,m,H-3″a),3.65(1H,m,H-3″b),3.94(1H,d,J=12.8 Hz,H-10″a),3.70(1H,d,J=12.8 Hz,H-10″b),3.60(1H,brs,H-7″),2.68(1H,m,H-5),2.41(1H,m,H-9″),2.25(1H,brs,H-7″),2.22(1H,brs,H-8),2.20(1H,brs,H-9),2.00(1H,m,H-6b),1.77(1H,m,H-7b),1.75(1H,m,H-4″a),1.50(1H,m,H-6a),1.48(1H,m,H-4″b),1.23(1H,m,H-7a),1.01(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-10);13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:168.4(C-11),151.5(C-3),112.8(C-4),103.3(C-1″),102.7(C-1),98.9(C-1′),98.7(C-1‴),77.8(C-6″),77.3(C-3′),77.2(C-3‴),76.9(C-5′),76.8(C-5‴),74.5(C-2′),73.9(C-2‴),73.5(C-4′),70.5(C-4‴),65.7(C-8″),63.5(C-3″),61.5(C-6′),61.4(C-6‴),60.4(C-10″),59.7(C-7″),44.0(C-9),43.0(C-9″),37.0(C-5″),34.1(C-8),33.1(C-7),32.5(C-5),31.3(C-6),24.8(C-4″),16.8(C-10)。以上数据与文献[19]基本一致,故鉴定为radiatoside E。

化合物19:白色无定型粉末(CH3OH),ESIMSm/z:745.2 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:7.31(1H,s,H-3),6.18(1H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-3″),5.70(1H,d,J=4.4 Hz,H-1),5.68(1H,d,J=4.0 Hz,H-1″),5.24(1H,d,J=4.0 Hz,H-4″a),4.52(1H,d,J=6.0 Hz,H-6″),4.48(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-1′),4.46(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-1‴),4.01(1H,d,J=6.0 Hz,H-7″),3.97(1H,d,J=12.8 Hz,H-10″a),3.74(1H,d,J=12.8 Hz,H-10″b),2.95(1H,m,H-5),2.75(1H,m,H-5″),2.31(1H,dd,J=4.0,4.0 Hz,H-9″),2.20(1H,m,H-9),2.16(1H,m,H-8),1.91(1H,m,H-6b),1.71(1H,m,H-7b),1.50(1H,m,H-6a),1.28(1H,m,H-7a),1.01(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-10);13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSOd6)δ:168.8(C-11),152.6(C-3),141.0(C-3″),112.1(C-4),105.0(C-4″),99.3(C-1′),98.3(C-1‴),95.5(C-1),92.3(C-1″),84.5(C-6″),83.5(C-7″),80.2(C-8″),77.9(C-3′),77.6(C-3‴),76.9(C-5′),76.6(C-5‴),73.6(C-2′),73.4(C-2‴),71.2(C-4′),71.0(C-4‴),63.4(C-10″),62.6(C-6′),62.2(C-6‴),47.1(C-9″),43.8(C-9),36.4(C-5″),35.3(C-8),33.3(C-7),32.5(C-5),31.4(C-6),16.0(C-10)。以上数据与文献[19]基本一致,故鉴定为radiatoside F。

化合物20:白色无定型粉末(CH3OH),ESIMSm/z:551.2 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:5.14(1H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-17a),5.08(1H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-17b),4.97(1H,s,H-15),4.48(1H,s,H-14),4.18(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-1′),4.07(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-20a),3.65(1H,dd,J=7.8,11.2 Hz,H-20b),3.51(H,dd,J=7.8,12.4 Hz,H-6′a),3.49(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-6),3.45(1H,m,H-1),3.40(1H,dd,J=2.4,12.4 Hz,H-6′b),3.21-2.89(4H,m,H-2′,3′,4′,5′),2.45(1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-13),2.31-2.12(3H,m,H-2,9,12),1.91(1H,m,H-11),1.51(1H,m,H-2),1.40-1.25(3H,m,H-3a,11,12),1.23(3H,m,H-3b,5,18),0.86(1H,s,H-19);13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:159.5(C-16),108.7(C-17),102.7(C-1′),98.9(C-7),83.8(C-1),77.3(C-3′),76.2(C-5′),74.5(C-14),73.9(C-2′),72.5(C-6),70.6(C-4′),70.2(C-15),63.3(C-6′),61.5(C-20),57.4(C-5),51.7(C-8),45.2(C-13),44.0(C-9),41.0(C-10),37.0(C-3),33.1(C-4),32.5(C-12),31.4(C-18),27.8(C-2),21.6(C-19),16.8(C-11)。以上数据与文献[20]基本一致,故鉴定为enmenol-glucoside。

4 讨论

本实验从血芙蓉的乙醇提取物中分离得到20个化合物,包括2 个甾体类(β-谷甾醇、β-胡萝卜苷)、4 个黄酮类(木犀草素、槲皮素、芹菜素、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷)、7 个环烯醚萜类(5-epideoxyloganin、8-epideoxyloganic acid、1,5,9-epideoxyloganin、1,5,9-epideoxyloganic acid、argylioside、radiatoside E、radiatoside F)、1 个倍半萜类(lipidiol)、3 个二萜类(teuvisone、teucvisin B、enmenol-glucoside)、3 个三萜类(20β-羟基熊果酸、羽扇豆醇、齐墩果酸)。其中,环烯醚萜类化合物是一类具有半缩醛及环戊烷结构的单萜类化合物,因其特殊的结构及丰富的药理活性,在抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗炎、保肝、神经系统保护、心血管系统活性等方面受到了广泛的关注[21-23]。本研究首次从血芙蓉中分离得到7 个环烯醚萜类化合物,可填补该植物化学成分研究方面的空白,并为其药用开发提供参考。

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