剧院建筑

编译：季嘉葵

英国剧场技师协会(Association of British Theatre Technicians，简称 ABTT，成立于1961年)于1972年制作了第一部剧院设计和规划指南。在1986年修订后，成为任何涉及剧院建筑、装修或者创造一个表现空间的标准参考。2010年由该组织出版、朱迪思·斯特朗（Judith Strong）编辑的《剧院建筑设计指南》（Theatre Buildings: A Design Guide）一书，是其继承者。

这本书使读者了解了剧院的规划和设计的全过程。它在建筑物的每一个区域都有详细的注解，包括房子前面、礼堂、后台和行政办公区域。它聚焦于一些具体的指导，比如音响、舞台工程、灯光、声音和视频，礼堂和舞台的尺寸等等。餐饮、会议和教育使用等方面也包括在内。书中涵盖了28座剧院的案例，《歌剧》杂志将编译其中精彩的个案，与业界共同分享。

概 要

剧院类型和运营形式

专门为年轻人制作戏剧，为新生作家和导演提供机会。为重要的教育和社区活动、巡演和联合制作提供场地。

地址和网站

兰贝斯，英国伦敦。

www.youngvic.org

建造年代

原始剧院于1969年开业。2004年至2006年进行大修。

观众厅

灵活的八边形空间，四周均设有长廊。可容纳420人，最大可容纳550人。另外有两个灵活的空间：140-180座的玛丽亚剧院和65-80座的克莱尔剧院。

舞台

可变格式，包括环形的伸展式舞台设施。灵活的舞台大小，最小的是6米×6米。

建筑师

原始建筑：比尔·豪威尔，香港伦敦建筑师协会建筑师，英国伦敦。重建：霍沃斯汤普金斯建筑师事务所，英国伦敦。

剧院（设计和技术）顾问

托德·莱卡特工作室和木炭蓝剧院项目顾问公司，英国伦敦。

声学顾问

保罗·吉列伦声学设计有限公司，英国伦敦。

建筑成本

原建筑花费6万英镑（1969年）。主要改建工程总成本1250万英镑（建筑成本700万英镑）。

Summary

Theatre type and operational format

Producing theatre specializing in work for younger people and providing opportunities for new writers and directors.Significant education and community programme, touring and coproductions.

Location and web reference

Lambeth, London, UK.

www.youngvic.org

Building dates

Original theatre opened 1969.Major refurbishment 2004 to 2006.

Auditorium

Flexible octagonal space with gallery on all sides.Seating capacity 420 but capable of accommodating a maximum audience of 550.Two further flexible spaces: Maria Theatre seating 140-180 and Clare Theatre seating 65-80.

Stages

Variable formats with in-the-round and thrust stage option.Flexible stage size, in-theround, the smallest, is 6m×6m.

Architect

Original, Bill Howell, HKPA Architects,London, UK.Remodelling: Haworth Tompkins Architects, London, UK.

Theatre (design and technical) consultants

Studio Todd Lecatt and Theatre Projects Consultants with Charcoalblue, both London, UK.

Acoustic consultants

Paul Gillieron Acoustic Design, London, UK.

Building cost

Original theatre cost £60,000 (1969).Total cost of major remodeling work £12.5 million(construction costs £7 million).

剧院建筑设计指南之新维克剧院

The Young Vic Theatre from Theatre Buildings: A Design Guide

英国伦敦

Dallas, Texas, USA

新维克剧院是英国主要的演出场所之一，年轻的戏剧专业人士和知名人士聚集在一起，主要为年轻观众创作和呈现作品。它是作为英国国家剧院（National Theatre）的第二个临时空间修建的，位于老维克剧院（Old Vic Theatre）路对面，当时剧团也在此办公。它是为新生代设计的新剧院——一个实验性的、开放的、像马戏团一样廉价的剧院。

The Young Vic is one of the UK’s leading venues where young theatre professionals and established‘names’ come together to create and present work predominantly for a young audience.It was built as a second temporary space for the National Theatre,just down the road from the Old Vic Theatre, where the company was then housed.It was designed as a new theatre for a new generation - one that was experimental, open, circus-like and cheap.

礼堂用铝网覆盖，保留了原来的肉铺入口

观众席

近40年后，剧院面临的挑战是从根本上改善原本被设计为低成本、低调、临时性的建筑结构，并能够在不失去为一代又一代年轻人所营造的氛围下做到这一点。剧院还希望保留原始设计中的最佳点，尤其是独特但非常有效的礼堂，这是英国最早的古思里伸展式舞台与楼座的垂直元素相结合的例子。长凳座椅和可拆卸的舞台装置提供了一定程度的灵活性。

The challenge which faced the theatre nearly 40 years later was to improve radically what had been deliberately designed as a low-cost, low-key,temporary structure and to do so without losing the ambience which had drawn in successive generations of young people.The theatre also wanted to keep the best aspects of the original design, in particular the idiosyncratic but very effective auditorium - an early example in the UK of a Guthrie thrust stage combined with the vertical element of galleries.Bench seating and demountable stage units provided a degree of flexibility.

新大楼保留了大部分原始结构（包括1960年代由肉铺改造而成的原剧院入口），同时为剧团及剧院观众提供了大大改善的设施。观众席已进行了升级，以提高技术含量，并提升了建筑高度以容纳新的照明网格。增加了一层新的圆形通道和更多的入口，可拆卸的活动墙能够通向新的大型工作坊，因此延长的伸展式舞台得以打破方形礼堂形式上的边界。在相同的占地面积内，座位数量增加了约25%。

The new building retains much of the original fabric (including the former butcher’s shop which formed the entrance to the 1960s theatre) while providing vastly improved facilities for the company and for its audience.The auditorium has been upgraded to increase the technical provision with the height raised to accommodate a new lighting grid.A new layer of get-round and more entrances have been added and a movable wall with demountable gallery now leads into the large new workshop so that an extended thrust stage can break the boundary of the square auditorium format.The seating capacity has been increased by some 25 per cent within the same footprint.

添加了另外两个工作室空间，并重建和扩建了后台和前厅的设施。

Two further studio spaces have been added and both backstage and front of house provision has been rebuilt and extended.

新剧院使用的材料保留了原始建筑的临时和半工业风格——胶合板和钢结构广泛应用于室内空间，铝网和定制的混凝土块覆盖在建筑外部。

The materials used in the new theatre reflect the ad-hoc and semi-industrial style of the original:with plywood and steelwork being widely used in the interior spaces and aluminium mesh and customized concrete blocks cladding the exterior.

新空间的成功很大程度上归功于1969年剧院的高品质——那是个年轻、平等的空间的最初概念，也是建筑设计赋予它的表现力。

The success of the new space owes much to the quality of the 1969 theatre - to the original concept of a young, egalitarian space and to the design of the building that gave it expression.