一座中都城，凤阳城市魂

凤凰鸣矣，于彼高岗。梧桐生矣，于彼朝阳。

凤阳，古为淮夷之地，春秋战国时期为钟离古国，隋唐设濠州，明初为临濠。明洪武二年（公元1369年），朱元璋为“中天下而立、定四海之民”，在家乡临濠营建中都城，因地处凤凰山之南，取“丹凤朝阳”之意，为家乡赐名凤阳，沿用至今。

说凤阳道凤阳，凤阳是个好地方。凤阳之闻名，一是因为广为传唱的凤阳花鼓，二是“大包干”发源地小岗村，还有就是大明王朝开国皇帝朱元璋以及他悉心营建的明中都城了。

明中都城是朱元璋集中国古代都城建筑之大成，在家乡悉心营造的大明王朝第一座都城，也是一座聚集全国“百工技艺”耗时6年、“穷极侈丽”“雕饰奇巧”的都城。其规划遵循《周礼·考工记》，上承唐宋，下启明清，诗句“中都丰镐遗，宫阙两京陟。千里廓王畿，八屯拱宸极”即描绘了明中都当年的盛况。明洪武八年(公元1375年)，中都城已“功将完成”，朱元璋却突然以“劳费”为由罢建中都。令人唏嘘。

一座废弃的都城，历经六百年风雨、战乱和扒拆，早已失去了原有的模样，逐渐淡出了人们的视野。六百年后的1969年，时在人民教育出版社任职的王剑英，来到国家教育部在凤阳开办的“五七”干校劳动。身处逆境的王剑英，在劳动之余，没有任何测绘工具，靠步行和一辆破旧自行车的车轮圈数，开始了他如痴如醉的调查、测绘和考证，历时六年，王剑英撰写完成了《明中都城考》，揭开了这座都城的神秘面纱。评论家柯文辉曾评价说：“剑英先生是我国考据学派最后的亮星之一，有关明中都的考定诞生于万马齐喑的年月。填补了这一时代的学术空白，让‘明中都’这一概念在学人们的脑海中死而复生，使我们对凤阳古都的建筑、人的生活状况、人文气息、典章制度，有了立体而又鲜活的完整概念。既说清了明初这一段史实，又为今天作为文化遗产保护规划提供了科学根据，并对将来会产生深远影响。”

王剑英考证得出：南京的明故宫，以及后来朱棣兴建的北京皇城，也就是今天的北京故宫，都是以凤阳的这座明中都为蓝本兴建的。但是，凤阳明中都规制、规模和奢华程度都远远高于后来的两座都城。

一个被历史尘埃淹没了的明代都城，又一次回到人们的视野。这不仅是一份厚重的历史遗产，更是一份宝贵的文化遗产。凤阳新一轮的城市规划建设，正是围绕保护、继承和发展好这个历史文化遗产而徐徐展开。

1982年，明中都皇故城被国务院列为国家重点文物保护单位；2013年，明中都皇故城考古遗址公园被国家文物局批准立项，规划总面积382.3公顷，建设期限为2013年至2030年。为把明中都城保护利用好，凤阳县委、县政府提出了“一座中都城，凤阳城市魂”的理念，将位于明中都城遗址公园之外的圜丘遗址、方丘遗址、观星台遗址、涂山门遗址一并纳入保护之中，使城市建设与文物保护协调发展，进一步凸显中都城在凤阳城市建设中的核心地位。

在布局城市建设时，凤阳县围绕中都城，严格按照文物保护规划要求，对新建的建筑物、构筑物的体量、高度、外观和使用性质等做了明确规定。根据距离中都城远近，分别限高9米、12米和24米。这在一定程度上降低了容积率，限制了城市地产项目的发展，却真正践行了“一座中都城 凤阳城市魂”的承诺，提升了中都城在凤阳城市建设中的文化核心价值。

2016年以前，明中都皇城内还有一个行政村——县城村，住着1200多户人家，有近30家养殖场、加工厂和学校。2016年以来，凤阳县委、县政府先后启动两轮征迁，截至2017年5月底，明中都皇故城考古遗址公园规划区内的居民和养殖企业等全部外迁安置，实现了文物遗址区的有效隔离。根据明中都遗址公园规划建设要求，县委、县政府结合土地利用总体规划调整完善和城镇周边永久基本农田划定工作，将考古遗址公园核心区及城墙周边约300米范围内的3546亩基本农田全部调出，规划为风景旅游用地，为遗址公园考古发掘、生态恢复预留了充足空间，在此基础上完成了皇城外800多亩绿化美化工作，形成了牡丹园、紫薇园、桂花园等花园式景观。

凤阳县城东北西三面被延绵12公里的凤凰山脉环绕，南面流淌着6公里的如意河，整个凤凰山脉形似一只凤凰，凤尾在县城东南之独山，凤头在县城西南之凤凰嘴，如意河自西向东与府城水系连为一体，犹如一柄如意，被凤凰衔在口中。山为凤凰、水为如意，如此神奇的画卷，形成了凤阳城市规划建设的理念——“凤衔如意、山水相融”。

凤阳县对50.9平方公里的主城区科学规划，把“凤衔如意、山水相融”的理念和城市规划设计变为实实在在的蓝图，提出了“北绿凤凰山、南理如意河、中修中都城、东改棚户区、西美新城区、打造云霁街”的城市建设思路——北绿凤凰山，就是整体打造凤凰山主题公园，登顶凤凰山，凭眺中都城，览凤城美景，观淮水入城，大美凤阳尽收眼底；南理如意河，就是以如意河水环境治理开篇，开启如意新城建设；中修中都城，就是在完成整体征迁基础上，抓好中都城保护利用，建设好明中都国家遗址考古公园，同时新建洪武公园、承天门、大明门、洪武门，自北向南打造凤阳城市“中轴线”；东改棚户区，就是加快老城区棚户区改造，还原府城风貌，实现新老城区融合发展；西美新城区，就是高标准建设新城区，打造生态园林美丽凤城；打造云霁街，就是通过改造提升云霁街，新修钟楼文化广场，巍巍钟楼屹然耸立，云霁街连贯东西，钟鼓楼遥相呼应，晨钟暮鼓重现美景，启动明中都文化旅游中心、非遗展示中心、云霁社区文化中心建设，打造云霁街核心节点。通过城市设计、历史保护规划、专项和专业规划“三位一体”，充分彰显凤阳的历史底蕴和地方特色。

如今的凤阳，是一个宜游宜居的“人文之城”。凤阳县委县政府坚持把历史文化名城打造与全域旅游示范区创建有机统一、统筹推进，结合“金色游中都、红色学小岗、蓝色走淮河、绿色览凤阳”四色旅游版块建设，推动城区、景区融合发展，努力打造生态宜居、宜业宜游的魅力城市。

2017年12月，明中都皇故城成功入选第三批国家考古遗址公园名单，成为目前安徽省第一个、也是唯一一个国家考古遗址公园。2018年，凤阳县成功举办文化与自然遗产日安徽省主场活动，明中都考古工作站正式揭牌，成为安徽全省首个与故宫博物院合作的项目。中都城考古有序推进，承天门考古圆满收官，“七龙桥”重见天日，明中都遗址入围“2018年度全国十大考古新发现”终评项目名单。成功发布“中”字型城市LOGO，凤阳拥有了底蕴深厚、独具特色的城市名片。深入开展“游中都、读明史”“我为凤阳文物打CALL”“中国少年画凤阳”“大家写凤阳”等活动，探秘中都城，认知新凤阳，打造独具凤阳特色的文化IP，唱响“凤阳是个好地方”最强音。

赤龙飞天金凤翔，凤阳是个好地方。不久的将来，一个独具中都古韵魅力的美丽凤阳必将以崭新的姿态展现在世人面前。

Phoenix tweeting auspiciously on the hill. Parasol tree growing on the hill facing the east.

Fengyang,a place used to belonging to tribes of Huaihe River in ancient China,was the State of Zhongli during the Spring and Autumn Period,earning its name as Haozhou in Sui and Tang dynasties,and Linhao in early Ming Dynasty. In the second year of Ming Hongwu (AD 1369),Zhu Yuanzhang"conquered the world and all the peoples",and built the Zhongdu imperial city in his hometown of Linhao. Located in the south of Phoenix Mountain and taking the meaning of"phoenix facing the east",he named his hometown Fengyang,it is still used today.

Fengyang is a popular city,earning its popularity due to,on one hand,its widely-sung Fengyang flower drum and,on the other hand,Xiaogang Village,the birthplace of the rural reforms,and the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty and his cradling imperial city.

The imperial city of Ming Dynasty is its first capital city under meticulous construction at his hometown,also a gathering of the merits of capital building in ancient China and a city with six-year-long constructing of national "craftsmanship skills","extreme extravagance" and "wonderful carving".The complex follows the "Zhou Li • Kao Gong Ji",inheriting from the dynasties of Tang and Song,and the next Ming and Qing. In the 8thyear of the rein of Zhu Yuanzhang,the city was"almost completed",but what was most embarrassing that Zhu Yuanzhang suddenly ceased the project due to "labor fees."

An abandoned capital city,after six hundred years of wind and rain,wars and dismantling,has long lost its original appearance and gradually faded out of people's minds. In 1969,about six hundred years later since then,Wang Jianying,who worked at the People's Education Publishing House,came to the "May Seventh" Cadre School for reform through labor run by the Ministry of Education in Fengyang. In the face of adversity,Wang did not have any mapping tools in his spare time. He began his intoxicating investigation,mapping and researching by walking and the number of wheels of a dilapidated bicycle. After six years,he accomplished "Research of Ming's Imperial City" to unveil the mystery of this capital.A critic,Ke Wenhui once commented: "Mr. Wang is one of the last bright stars of the Chinese textual research school. The examination about this ancient city was started in those dark years,which has filled the academic gap of this era and made the concept of 'Ming's Imperial City' resurrected in the minds of the scholars,providing us a complete and stereoscopic concept of the architecture,the living conditions of people,the culture of humanity and the system of rules of the ancient capital of Fengyang. This historical fact has provided a scientific basis for today's cultural heritage protection plan and will have far-reaching implications for the future."

Wang Jianying's research proves that the Ming's palace in Nanjing and the Beijing Imperial City built by Zhu Xi,which is now the Beijing Forbidden City,were built with the model of Ming's imperial city in Fengyang. However,the ancient city possessed a much higher regulation,scale and luxury than the later two capitals.

A capital city of the Ming Dynasty,drowned by historical dust,once again returned to people's vision. This is not only a heavy historical heritage,but also a valuable cultural heritage. The new round of urban planning and construction of Fengyang stems from the protection,inheritance and development of this historical and cultural heritage.

In 1982,the ancient imperial city of the Ming dynasty was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council. In 2013,the archaeological site park based upon such area was approved by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage,with a total planned area of 382.3 hectares,and the construction period from 2013 to 2030. In order to provide better protection of the Ming dynasty imperial city,the Party Committee of Fengyang county and the county government put forward the concept of "a Zhongdu City,the soul of Fengyang",enlisting the ruins of Huanqiu,Fangqiu,Guangxingtai and Tushanmen outside the park within the protection,making the coordinated development of urban construction and cultural relics protection,and further highlighting the central position of Zhongdu in the construction of Fengyang city.

In the layout of the city construction,Fengyang County,focusing on the Zhongdu city,has issued clear regulations regarding the new buildings,and pertinent mass,height,appearance and use properties in strict accordance with the requirements of cultural relics protection planning. The height limits are set within 9 meters,12 meters and 24 meters respectively according to the distance from the Zhongdu,which has reduced the floor area ratio to a certain extent and limited the development of urban real estate projects.However,it has truly fulfilled the promise of "a Zhongdu City,the soul of Fengyang" and enhanced the cultural core value of Zhongdu in the construction of Fengyang City.

Before 2016,there was an administrative village in the imperial city of Zhongdu---a county town,with more than 1,200 households and nearly 30 farms,processing plants and schools. Since 2016,the Party Committee of Fengyang County and the county government have initiated two rounds of relocation. As of the end of May 2017,all residents and aquaculture enterprises in the archaeological site park have been resettled,realizing the effective isolation of the zone in the cultural relic sites. According to the planning and construction requirements of the park,the county party committee and the county government adjusted and improved the overall land use planning and the permanent basic farmland demarcation work,transferring 236 hectares of basic farmland within about 300 meters of the core area of the archaeological site park and the surrounding wall,and planning it for land of tourism,reserving sufficient space for archaeological excavation and ecological restoration of the ruins park. On this basis,more than 53 hectares of greening and beautification work outside the imperial city were completed,forming the Peony Garden,Ziwei Garden and Fragrans Garden and other garden-styled views.

The northern,eastern and western parts of Fengyang County are surrounded by the 12-kilometer Phoenix Mountains.The south side witnesses the 6-kilometer Ruyi River. The entire mountain rang is shaped like a phoenix,with tail,an individual hill,in the southeast of the county,and head part to the southwestern part of the county forming the phoenix beak. The Ruyi River is connected to the county's water system from the west to the east,like a Ruyi in the beak of the phoenix. With mountain shaping a phoenix and the water like a Ruyi,such a magical picture has formed the concept of Fengyang urban planning and construction -"Phoenix Holding Ruyi,Harmonious Integration of Mountain and Water".

Fengyang County has made a scientific plan for the main urban area of 50.9 square kilometers,turning the concept of "Phoenix Holding Ruyi,Harmonious Integration of Mountain and Water" and urban planning into a concrete blueprint,and proposed the concept of "Green the Phoenix Mountain to the North,Adjust Ruyi River to the South,Construct Zhongdu City in the Middle,Transform Shantytown to the East,Beautify New Urban Area to the East and Build the Yunji St."---To Green the Phoenix Mountain to the North is the overall construction of the Phoenix Mountain Theme Park. It allows locals to climb to the mountain tops to admire the outstanding scenery of Zhongdu city and Huaihe River flowing into the city; To adjust Ruyi River to the South is to launch the environmental protection of Ruyi River while initiating the construction of the new Ruyi city; To construct Zhongdu City in the Middle,on the basis of the to completion of the overall relocation,focuses on city protection,complete the construction of the national archaeological park of Ming's Zhongdu,and build Hongwu Park,Chengtian Rostrum,Daming Rostrum and Hongwu Rostrum,establishing a "central axis" of Fengyang City from north to south; transform Shantytown to the East is to speed up the transformation of the shanty towns in the old city,restore the ancient style,and realize the integration of the new and old city; To beautify New Urban Area to the East is to build a new city with high standards and create a beautiful Fengcheng with ecological gardens; To build the Yunji St. is to upgrade Yunji Street through renovation,build the cultural square of bell tower,witnessing the standing tower,the Yunji St.connecting the east and west with the Bell Tower and the Drum Tower echoing each other,and initiate the tourism center of Zhongdu,demonstration center of intangible culture and Yunji community cultural center,creating the central points of the Yunji Street. Through the "Three in One" Plan including urban design,historical protection planning,special and professional layout,it is devoted to fully demonstrate the historical and local characteristics of Fengyang.

Today's Fengyang is a "humanity city" suitable for touring and living. The party committee of county and the county government insist on the unified planning of historical and cultural city and the establishment of a all-for-one tourism demonstration zone,and integrate the four-color tourism section of "Golden the Zhongdu,Learning Red Spirit of Xiaogang Village,Blue Walking along Huaihe River,Green View of Fengyang",promoting the integration of urban and scenic areas,and striving to create a charming city,ecologically livable and suitable for business and tourism.

In December 2017,the ancient imperial city of Ming dynasty has been successfully selected into the third batch of national archaeological sites parks,becoming the first and only national archaeological site park in Anhui Province.In 2018,Fengyang County successfully held the home events of the Cultural and Natural Heritage Day of Anhui,marking the official unveiling of archaeological workstation of the old imperial city,becoming the first project in the province to cooperate with the Palace Museum. With the orderly advancement of the archaeological excavation of Zhongdu city,the success of the archaeological survey of Chengtian Rostrum,the re-appearance of the "Seven-Dragon Bridge",the site of Ming's Zhongdu was shortlisted for the "2018 National Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries"final evaluation project,releasing the "中"-shaped city LOGO. Since then,Fengyang starts to possess its unique city card. A series of events have been carried out in an in-depth manner,including "Touring Zhongdu,Reading History of Ming Dynasty","I Cheer for Fengyang cultural relics","painting of Fengyang by Chinese youth","Everyone writes stores about Fengyang" amid others,exploring the old city,recognizing the new Fengyang,with the purpose of creating a unique cultural IP with characteristics of Fengyang and singing out the strongest sound of"Fengyang is a popular city".

Fengyang is a popular city. In the near future,a beautiful Fengyang,featuring unique charm of Zhongdu,will be presented to the world with a brand new attitude.