十三国博物馆联展丝绸之路——超越国界的浓郁“中国风”

丝绸之路留下的文明灿烂而辉煌，历史上的各民族在往来与交流中传递着自己的文化，经由时光沉淀，留给世界丰厚的文化遗产，“丝绸之路”正是文明交汇、文化互鉴的重要桥梁。4月11日至7月14日，“殊方共享——丝绸之路国家博物馆文物精品展”在中国国家博物馆举办。本次展览是中国国家博物馆于2018年11月牵头举办“首届丝绸之路国际博物馆联盟大会”后签属的展览联盟框架协议的具体举措。展览由中国国家博物馆联合“一带一路”沿线的柬埔寨、日本、哈萨克斯坦等国家的12座国家博物馆共同举办，展出了包括中国国家博物馆在内的13家博物馆的珍贵文物，共计234件（套），是一场绚烂多彩的国际文化的盛宴。

12个丝路国家带来了横跨欧亚的文明成果，以“陆上丝绸之路”和“海上丝绸之路”两大板块串起各国历经不断地文化融合与碰撞所诞生出的波澜壮阔的画面。中国国家博物馆馆长王春法表示：“两条丝绸之路是在漫长的历史发展中逐渐形成的，张骞、班超、郑和、马可·波罗等古代先贤为开拓文化长廊做出重要贡献。绵亘数万里、延续两千年的古代丝绸之路已形成跨越时空、超越国界、富有永恒魅力、具有当代价值的丝路精神。”

展览的最大亮点无疑是各国带来的文物珍品，在遴选时也是从地域独特性和丝路连续性两方面进行考量，据中国国家博物馆国际联络部副主任、展览策展人闫志表示：“展出的文物体现了本国在‘丝绸之路’历史中的价值地位，既要有本国文明的特色，也要体现该国与中国文明的关联以及和其他丝路地区的联系。”比如俄罗斯图尔宾诺文化影响之大，在我国新疆、甘肃、青海地区都有存在，体现早期丝绸之路的贡献。而柬埔寨带来的前吴哥时期文明，也可以明显看出中国、印度两国文化的影响：既有印度的特色，细节之处也能找到中国风的元素。而日本带来的建窑天目盏，更是中国宋代茶风盛行对日本茶道深远影响的直接体现。此外，拉脱维亚、罗马尼亚带来的克拉克瓷，反映了古中国海外贸易的重要历程。每一个国家不仅展现其文明的独特性，也表现出了与世界文明的交融互通，这便是丝路精神最真实的还原。

在展厅中不难发现丝路国家对中国文化的崇尚。我们可以看到波兰博物馆带来的展品有浓郁的“中国风”。展出的欧洲庭院里的中式凉亭设计图和中式桥梁设计图版画，以及另一件中国风格的伊朗瓷盘，在某种程度上体现了当地人对中国古代历史和多元文化的迷恋。除了展示丝路各国与中国的关系外，具有各民族特色的文物也是本次展览的亮点。

由于展品时间、空间、地理跨度之大，且涉及多国，因此布展方面也是精心设计。策展团队根据色彩和背景着重体现丝绸之路“网络化”和“带状化”的特点。打破人们对“海丝”“路丝”惯有的“海洋”“沙漠”的思维。“陆上丝绸之路”不仅途经荒漠，路过西亚也有草原、绿洲，抵达欧洲还有森林与河谷，至于“海上丝绸之路”，古人需要依托大陆沿线和各国家已知、未知的港口进行航海，离开港口驶入印度洋还会依靠季风，实际也是多种文明的交汇。展品类别的丰富多样也象征着丝路旅途中的诸多奇遇和瑰宝。

在展陈设计方面，一方面需要展示多国文化的丰富多样性，因此展品陈列序列、各种展柜、视觉节奏都经过精心设计；另一方面如此多的国家、多种类文物汇聚在有限的空间内，避免视觉的“碎片化”也是很重要的。“路上丝绸之路”板块使用深绿色展墙，“海上丝绸之路”板块使用深红色展墙，也是对两个板块的清晰呈现。

展览的主题“殊方共享”就是要让世界人民共享人类文明之光。多彩文明的交相辉映，体现的不仅是人类智慧创造的辉煌历史，也有中国国家博物馆在秉持用文化构建人类命运共同体的价值观。王春法表示：“唐朝诗人王维诗有‘人作殊方语，莺为旧国声’之句。展览以丝路精神，旨在通过凸显‘一带一路’沿线各文明之间在艺术及技术方面的融合与互鉴，揭示出构建人类命运共同体是世界未来发展的大势。”

文物是会说话的，拥有永恒魅力的艺术会跨越千山万水，克服语言的障碍向我们展示人类文明的灿烂辉煌。虽然展览呈现的国家文化异彩纷呈，但欣赏过后最终引入一个主题：那些升华为各民族智慧结晶的文明终将属于全人类。我们如今可以在欧洲的博物馆看到亚洲艺术，在国内的博物馆欣赏西方艺术精品，正是文化互通的表现。

The civilization left by the Silk Road is splendid.The various ethnic groups conveying their own culture in exchanges in history have created rich cultural heritage for the whole world as times passed,echoing that the "Silk Road" is an important bridge for the intersection of civilizations and mutual learning amongst cultures. From April 11thto July 14th,"Sharing a Common Future - Exhibition of Treasures from National Museums along the Silk Road" has been held at the National Museum of China,marking a concrete measure of the exhibition alliance framework agreement signed by the National Museum of China after the "1stConference of the International Alliance of Museums of the Silk Road" held in November 2018. The exhibition has been jointly organized by the National Museum of China and 12 national museums of Cambodia,Japan,Kazakhstan and other countries along the "Belt and Road",featuring precious cultural relics from 13 museums including the National Museum of China,a total of 234 pieces (sets),a feast of a splendid culture of the world.

The 12 countries along the Silk Road have brought their achievements of civilization across Europe and Asia,to form a brilliant picture that originated from the continuous cultural integration and collision of different countries on the two major plates of the "Land Silk Road" and the "Maritime Silk Road". Wang Chunfa,director of the National Museum of China,said: "The two Silk Roads were gradually formed during the long historical development.The ancient sages,such as Zhang Qian,Ban Chao,Zheng He and Marco Polo,have made important contributions to the development of the cultural corridors. The ancient Silk Road,lasting thousands of miles in distance and two thousand years in time,has formed a Silk Road spirit that transcends time,space and national borders,showcasing eternal charm and contemporary value."

The most stunning highlight of the exhibition is undoubtedly the treasures of cultural relics from various countries,selected on the basis of their regional uniqueness and continuity of Silk Road. According to Yan Zhi,deputy-director of the International Liaison Department of the National Museum of China and the exhibition curator,"the cultural relics on display,reflecting the value of the country in the history of the Silk Road,must have the characteristics of its own civilization,as well as its connection with Chinese civilization and links with other regions along the Silk Road." For example,the influence of the Russian Turbino culture has also existed in Xinjiang,Gansu and Qinghai,reflecting the contribution of the Silk Road at early times. The pre-Angkor period civilization brought by Cambodia can also clearly present the influence of Chinese and Indian cultures: featuring both Indian characteristics and elements of Chinese style in details. The kiln-built cup brought by Japan is a direct reflection of the profound influence of the tea culture of the Song Dynasty on the Japanese tea ceremony.In addition,the Kraak porcelain brought by Latvia and Romania reflects the important course of China's ancient overseas trade. Each country not only demonstrates the uniqueness of its civilization,but also shows their integration with world civilization,which is the most authentic restoration of the spirit of the Silk Road.

It is not difficult to find the admiration of countries along the Silk Road for the Chinese culture in the exhibition hall. We can see that the exhibits brought by the Polish Museum showcase a strong "Chinese style". The Chinese pavilion design and Chinese bridge design drawings in the European courtyard on display,as well as another Chinese-style Iranian porcelain plate,to some extent,reflect local people's fascination with ancient Chinese history and multiculturalism. In addition to showing the relationship between Silk Road countries and China,cultural relics with various national characteristics are also the highlights of this exhibition.

Due to the large timeline,space and geographical span of the exhibits,the exhibition is also carefully designed in layout. The curatorial team emphasizes the characteristics of the "networking" and "banding" of the Silk Road based on color and background,breaking people's thinking about the "ocean" and "desert" concerning the "Maritime Silk Road" and the "Silk Road". The "Silk Road" not only passes through the desert,but also the grasslands and oases in regions of West Asia,and also forests and river valleys when it reaches Europe. As for the "Maritime Silk Road",the ancients need to rely on the ports along the mainland and the known and unknown ports of various countries. The departure from the ports into the Indian Ocean also depends on the monsoon,which is actually the intersection of multiple civilizations. The variety of exhibit categories also symbolizes all the adventures and treasures along the spectacular journey.

In terms of exhibition design,on one hand,as it is necessary to display the rich diversity of multinational cultures,the exhibition sequence,various booths and visual rhythms have been subtlely designed; on the other hand,it is also important to avoid visual "fragmentation"as so many countries and various kinds of cultural relics are gathered in a limited space. The "Silk Road" section employs a dark green exhibition wall,while the deep red is used at the "Maritime Silk Road" section,a clear representation of the two plates.

The theme of the exhibition,"Sharing a Common Future",is committed to letting the people of the world share the light of human civilization. This exhibition of colorful civilizations reflects not only the glorious history of human wisdom,but also the orientation of the National Museum of China in the course of building a community of shared future for mankind with the help of cultural exchanges. Wang Chunfa said: "The poet Wang Weishi of the Tang Dynasty has chanted the sentences of 'Peoples Use Different Languages,But Birds Singing Rhythms of Old Towns'. The exhibition,based on the spirit of the Silk Road,aims at highlighting the integration and mutual learning of artistic and technical aspects of civilizations along the 'Belt and Road' to reveal the fact that building a community of shared future for mankind is the general trend of the future development of the whole world."

Cultural relics have their own languages,and the art with eternal charm will span thousands of mountains and waters and overcome the obstacles of languages to show people the splendor of human civilization. Each of the national cultures presented in the exhibition are so splendid,however,the audiedce will understand this truth at the end of the visit: those civilizations that sublimate into the wisdom of all nations will eventually belong to all mankind. People can now admire the Asian art in European museums,and appreciate the Western art in domestic museums,simply because of cultural integration.