安徽有花植物四新种

2019-11-20 05:27王德群程铭恩
皖西学院学报 2019年5期
关键词:子房雄蕊无毛

王德群,庆 兆,谢 晋,程铭恩,张 玲

(1.安徽中医药大学 药学院,安徽 合肥 230031;2.安徽医科大学 药学院,安徽 合肥 230038)

近年来,在开展安徽药用植物普查中,我们采集到大量有花植物标本,经过深入鉴定之后,发现堇菜科Violaceae、桔梗科Campanulaceae、鸭跖草科Commelinaceae的四新种。

1 堇菜科Violaceae

安徽堇菜 图1

Viola anhuiensis M. E. Cheng, D. Q. Wang & K. Zhang, sp. nov.

Species nova haec est arcte affinisV.collinaeBess., quae herbis in sylvis ad declivitates collium habitantibus, stolonibus nullis, foliorum laminis cordatis apice acutis, pedicellis brevioribus 3—4 mm longis, floribus cleistogamis nullis differt.

Herbs perennial, acaulescent. Rhizomes subterete, ca. 2.5 mm across, with numerous long slender roots, at apex often shortly furcately branched; stolons slender, whitish, at nodes rooting. Leaves 5—8, all basal, long petiolate; blades papery, reniform, rarely reiniform-cordate, 0.6—4 cm long, 1—6 cm wide, apex rounded, rarely slightly acute, base cordate, margin crenate or denticulate; surfaces adaxially and abaxially densely appressed-puberulous (hairs 0.2—0.6 mm long); petioles 3—14 cm long, retrorsely puberulous; stipules membranous, linear, ca. 1 cm long, with base adnate to petiole, margin sparsely fimbriate-denticulate. Pedicel slender, 3—6 cm long, glabrous,with 2 opposite linear bracts. Flower zygomorphic. Sepals 5, oblong, ca. 5.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, glabrous, longitudinally 3-nerved, basal appendices deltoid, ca. 1 mm long. Petals 5, light blue, narrowly obovate, ca. 10 mm long, 5 mm wide, glabrous, spur ca. 6 mm long. Stamens 5, glabrous, without filaments; anthers oblong, 2 mm long; connective 1.4—1.8 mm long, with a ovate projection; spurs 4 mm long, Pistil included; ovary broadly ovoid, ca. 1.2 mm long, 1.6 mm in diam., densely glandular; style clavate, 2.2 mm long, glabrous, apex with small hooked stigma. Capsule subglobose, 5—6 mm in diam., purple-maculate, puberulous. Seeds ovoid or globose,2.5 mm long, yellow-white.

多年生草本,无地上茎。根状茎近圆柱形,粗约2.5 mm,生有多数细长根,顶端常叉状分枝;匍匐茎细长,白色,在节上生根。叶多数,均基生,具长柄;叶片纸质,肾形,稀肾状心形,长0.6—4 cm,宽1—6 cm,顶端圆形,稀稍急尖,基部心形,边缘具圆齿或小牙齿,两面密被贴伏短柔毛(毛长0.2—0.6 mm);叶柄长3—14 cm,被反曲短柔毛;托叶膜质,条形,长约1 cm,基部与叶柄贴生,边缘有稀疏流苏状小齿。花梗纤细,长3—6 cm,无毛,具2对生条形苞片。花左右对称:萼片5,长圆形,长约5.5 mm,宽2 mm,无毛,具3条纵脉,附属物正三角形,长约1 mm。花瓣5,淡蓝色,狭倒卵形,长约10 mm,宽5 mm,无毛;距长约6 mm。雄蕊5,无毛,无花丝;花药长圆形,长2 mm,药隔突起卵形,长1.4—1.8 mm;距长4 mm。雌蕊内藏;子房宽卵球形,长约1.2 mm,直径1.6 mm,有密腺体;花柱棒状,长约2.2 mm,无毛,顶端具钩状小柱头。蒴果近球形,直径5—6 mm,有紫色斑块,被短柔毛。种子卵球形或球形,长2.5mm,黄白色。

图1 安徽堇菜 A.植株全形,B.花,C.一无距雄蕊和一具距雄蕊,D.雌蕊,E.种子。Figure 1 Viola anhuiensis A. habit, B. flower, C. a stamen without spur and a stamen with spur, D. pistil, E. seed. (A and E from holotype, B-D from D. Q. Wang 5984)

China. Anhui(安徽):Huang Shan,Tangkou Town,Fuxi Village(黄山,汤口镇,浮溪村), in shady wet grassy places by streams under forest in valley(山谷林下溪边阴湿草地),alt. 700 m,July 8,2014,D. Q. Wang (王德群) W140708 (holotype, PE);same locality (同地), alt. 750 m,Apr. 20,1990,X. H. Li & S. Z. Xing (李向红,邢施传) 901545 (ACM);Tangkou Town(汤口镇),alt. 430 m,in wet grassy places by streams under forest(林下溪边湿地),May 12,1988,D. Q. Wang (王德群) 85839 (ACM);same locality (同地),on the way from Songguan to Beihai (松谷庵至北海途中),alt. 900 m,by streams under forest(林下溪边),May 7,1989,D. Q. Wang,G. B. Xu & X. L. Bao (王德群,徐国兵,鲍晓六) 7259 (ACM);Ningguo City, Xianxia Town, Nimen Village (宁国市,仙霞镇,尼门村), Apr. 24,2012,H. Liu (刘浩) 34188120426181 (ACM);same locality (同地),Yuti Fumaotan Village(云梯复茅坦村), June 8,2012,H. Liu (刘浩) 341881120605394,341881120802950 (ACM);Jinzhai County, You fangdian Town, Xilian Shan (金寨县,油坊店乡,西莲山),alt. 320 m, in shady wet places at forest margin (林缘阴湿处),June 6,2012,D. Q. Wang & M. E. Cheng (王德群,程铭恩) 341524120606722 (ACM);Huoshan County,Changchong Pharmaceutical Factory (霍山县长冲药厂),alt. 600 m,March 16,1984,D. Q. Wang(王德群)5984 (ACM)。

本种在亲缘关系方面与球果堇菜ViolacollinaBess. 甚为相近,与后者的区别在于本种生于山谷溪畔湿地,具匍匐茎,叶片呈肾形或肾状心形,顶端圆形,稀稍急尖,花梗长3—6 cm,具闭花受精花。在球果堇菜,生于丘陵地区山坡林地中生环境,无匍匐茎,叶片心形,顶端急尖,花梗长3—4 cm,不具闭花受精花[1](P22-23)。

2 桔梗科Campanulaceae

2.1 鹅抱(本草图经) 图2

Codonopsis ebao J. Xie, L. Zhang & D. Q. Wang, sp. nov.

Species nova haec est affinisC.ussuriensi(Rupr. & Maxim.) Hemsl., quae foliis margine haud spinulatis, calyce ad ovarii partem infernam adnato, capsula depresse globosa, seminibus exalatis differt; etiam affinisC.lanceolatae(Sieb. & Zucc.) Trautv., quae radicibus conicis, foliis saepe quatuor ad rami apicem verticellatis, calyce ad ovarii partem infernam adnato differt.

Perennial twining herbs. Roots tuber-like, ovoid or oblong, above the middle with annular atriae. Stems slender, green, at base dark-purple, glabrescent. Leaves alternate, often 3 on branch apex conferted, glabrescent; blades papery, ovate or elliptic, 3—5 cm long, 1.5—2.5 cm broad, apex obtuse, base broadly cuneate, margin entire and spinulate. Flower singly terminal to branch apex; pedicel slender, 1—18 cm long, glabrous, near flower turgid. Sepals 5, not adnate to ovary, lanceolate-linear, 7—10 mm long. 3—4 mm broad, glabrous, apex acute. Corolla campanulate, with base adnate to lower part of ovary, 1.8—2.5 cm long, 1.5—2 cm in diam., glabrous, 5-lobed; tube 1.2—1.8 cm long; lobes dark-purple, broadly triangular, 3—6 mm long. Stamens 5, inserted to corolla base, glabrous; filaments narrowly linear, 3—6 mm long, at base slightly dilated; anthers yellow, lanceolate-linear, 3—5 mm long. Pistil glabrous; ovary 5—7 mm in diam.; style 5—8 mm long; stigma as long as style, cup-shaped, densely glandular, 3-lobed, lobes triangular, ca. 2 mm long. Capsule ca. 1.1 cm in diam., lower part bowl-shaped, longitudinally 4—5-angulate, upper part broadly conic, when mature 3-valved. Seeds numerous, minute, dark-brown, ovate, with wings.

多年生缠绕草本。根块状,卵球形或长圆体形,中部之上具环纹。茎细,绿色,基部暗紫色,变无毛。叶互生,常3枚密集生于枝端,变无毛;叶片纸质,卵形或椭圆形,长3—5 cm,宽1.5—2.5 cm,顶端钝,基部宽楔形,边缘全缘,具小刺。花单生枝端;花梗细,长1—18 cm,无毛,在近花顶端膨大。萼片5,不与子房贴生,披针状条形,长7—10 cm,宽3—4 mm,无毛,顶端锐尖。花冠钟状,基部与子房下部贴生,长1.8—2.5 cm,直径1.5—2 cm,无毛,5浅裂;筒长1.2—1.8 cm;裂片暗紫色,宽三角形,长约5 mm。雄蕊5,着生于花冠基部,无毛;花丝狭条形,长3—6 mm,基部稍变宽;花药黄色,披针状条形,长3—5 mm。雌蕊无毛;子房直径5—7 mm;花柱长5—8 mm;柱头与花柱等长,杯状,密生腺体,3浅裂,裂片三角形,长约2 mm。瘦果直径约1.1 cm,下部碗状,有4—5棱,上部宽圆锥状,成熟时裂成3瓣。种子多数,小,暗褐色,卵球形,具翅。

图2 鹅抱 A.开花茎一段,B.花,C.萼片和雌蕊。Figure 2 Codonopsis ebao A. a part of flowering stem, B. flower, C. sepals and pistil. (from holotype)

China. Anhui(安徽): Tongling City, Zhu Village, Guanyindong (铜陵县,朱村,观音洞), alt. 35 m,in bushes by road (路边灌丛), Oct. 2,2013,J. Xie (谢晋) XJ13100207 (holotype, PE);Nanling City, Fengshugang (南陵县,枫树岗),alt. 20 m,on grassy slope (草坡),April 15,1988,D. Q. Wang (王德群) 9141 (ACM);Huangshan Shi, Gengcheng Town, Fu Village (黄山市,耿城,辅村), alt. 55 m,in bushes (灌丛), May 6,1989,D. Q. Wang, G. B. Xu & X. L. Bao (王德群,徐国兵,鲍晓六) 7411 (ACM)。

本种在亲缘关系方面接近雀斑党参Codonopsisussuriensis(Rupr. & Maxim.) Hemsl.,与后者的区别在于本种的叶缘具小刺,花萼不与子房贴生,子房和果实下部有4—5棱,种子有翅。在雀斑党参,叶缘无小刺,花萼与子房下部贴生至子房中部,蒴果呈扁球形,种子无翅。本种也与羊乳Codonopsislanceolata(Sieb. & Zucc) Trautv.相似,与后者的区别在于本种的根块状,叶常3枚在枝端密集生长,花萼不与子房贴生。在羊乳,根呈圆锥状,叶常4枚聚生枝端,花萼与子房下部贴生[2](P32-38)。

鹅抱之名始见《本草图经》,苏颂云:“附石而生,作蔓……其根形似莱菔,大者如三升器,小者如拳。”[3](P668-669)按其附图,所言或为此种。

本品主要分布长江下游及淮河以南各地。其他地下部分在民间亦有药用。河南固始一带称其为鸡蛋参,用其滋补身体。在安徽地区混作四叶参(一名羊乳)收购。二者的药材形态亦存在明显差异。四叶参原植物为同属植物羊乳C.lanceolata(Sieb. et Zucc.) Trautv.的根,药材形态为长圆柱形,而本品地下部分为块状或卵球形。

2.2 琅琊山荠苨 图3

Adenophora langyashanica L. Zhang & D. Q. Wang, sp. nov.

Species nova haec est affinisA.trachelioidiMaxim., quae foliis coriaceis, calycis tubo obtriangulari-conico, corolla caerulea vel caeruleo-purpurea differt.

Perennial herbs. Roots long conical, carnose. Stems up to 1 m tall, glabrous, ramose. Basal leaf solitary, glabrescent; blade papery, reniform, ca. 3 cm long, 4.5 cm broad, apex rounded, base cordate, margin denticulate; petiole ca. 3 cm long. Cauline leaves alternate, subglabrous; blades papery, cordate or cordate-ovate, 4—10 cm long, 3—8 cm broad, apex acuminate, base cordate or shallowly cordate, margin simple-denticulate or double-denticulate; petioles 1.5—4.4 cm long. Inflorescences racemose or paniculate, terminal; rachis with pedicels glabrous; bracts elliptic, 0.5—2 cm long, glabrous. Calyx glabrous, 5-lobed; tube obovoid or obovoid-obconic; lobes linear-lanceolate, 5—8 mm long, 1.5—3 mm broad. Corolla white, campanulate, 1.5—2 cm long, glabrous, 5-lobed; lobes broadly triangular, ca. 4 mm long. Stamens 5; filaments ca. 7 mm long, below oblong, ca. 3 mm long, 1 mm broad, margin densely long ciliate, above filiform, 3—4 mm long, glabrous; anthers narrowly linear, ca. 2.5 mm long, glabrous. Disc shortly tubular, 2—3 mm high, ca. 1.2 mm in diam. Pistil glabrous; style as long as stamens; stigma small, capitate. Capsule ovoid-conic, ca. 7 mm long, 5 mm in diam. Seeds yellow-brown, oblong.

多年生草本。根长圆锥形,肉质。茎高达1 m,无毛,多分枝。基生叶1,变无毛;叶片纸质,肾形,长约3 cm,宽4.5 cm,顶端圆形,基部心形,边缘具小牙齿;叶柄长约3 cm.茎生叶互生,近无毛;叶片纸质,心形或心状卵形,长4—10 cm,宽3—8 cm,顶端渐尖,基部心形或浅心形,边缘具单小齿或重小齿;叶柄长1.5—4.4 cm。花序总状或圆锥状,顶生;花序轴和花梗无毛;苞片椭圆形,长0.5—2 mm,无毛。花萼无毛,5浅裂;筒倒卵球形或倒卵状倒圆锥形;裂片条状披针形,长5—8 mm,宽1.5—3 mm。花冠白色,钟状,长1.5—2 cm,无毛,5浅裂;裂片宽三角形,长约4 mm。雄蕊5;花丝长约7 mm,下部长圆形,长约3 mm,宽1 mm,边缘密被长缘毛,上部丝形,长3—4 mm,无毛;花药狭条形,长约2.5 mm,无毛。花盘短筒状,高2—3 mm,直径约1.2 mm,无毛。雌蕊无毛;花柱与雄蕊等长;柱头小,头状。蒴果卵状圆锥形,长约7 mm,直径5 mm。种子黄褐色,长圆形。

图3 琅琊山荠苨 A.开花茎,B.基生叶,C.花,D.花,去掉花冠,E.雄蕊。Figure 3 Adenophora langyashanica A. flowering stem, B. basal leaf, C. flower, D. flower with corolla removed, E. stamen. (from X. Y. Deng et al. 341182120825921)

China. Anhui(安徽):Chuzhou City,Langya Shan (滁州市,琅琊山),alt. 60 m,fl. white (花白色),Oct. 10,1981,D. Q. Wang (王德群) 3386 (holotype,ACM);same locality (同地),Sep. 9,1980,1978,class of Depart. of Chinese Materia Medica (中药系1978级) 70,338(ACM);Mingguang City,Laojia Shan (明光市,老嘉山), alt. 150 m,fl. white (花白色),Aug. 25,2012,X. Y. Deng,X. G. Wu & X. X. Wang (邓先瑜,武星光,王星星) 341182120825921 (PE);Quanjiao City,Sanhe Town (全椒县,三合乡),1982,D. Q. Wang (王德群)6565 (ACM);same locality (同地),Zhangwa Village (张窪村),July 21,1992,D. Q. Wang (王德群) W920721 (ACM)。

本种在亲缘关系方面与荠苨AdenophoratrachelioidesMaxim.相近,与后者的区别在于本种的叶纸质,萼筒倒卵球形或倒卵状倒圆锥形,花冠白色。在荠苨,叶较厚,革质,萼筒呈倒三角状圆锥形,花冠蓝色或蓝紫色,有时淡化呈近白色时,则在同一种群中的植物中的花冠常具上述几种颜色[4](P115-119)。

讨论:经过对荠苨类植物调查,并参阅《中国植物志》、《中国高等植物》[5](P475-490)和《浙江植物志》[6](P203-206)等资料,发现荠苨主要分布于山东、河北、内蒙古东部及江苏北部连云港地区的丘陵地带,这些地区属于中温带。薄叶荠苨Adenophoraremotiflora(Sieb. et Zucc.) Miq.则分布于北温带的东北三省及朝鲜半岛北部,日本与俄罗斯,是耐寒种类,生长于山区,叶薄。辽宁东部少数个体在性状上介于荠苨与薄叶荠苨之间,因为这一带属于两种之间过渡地区。

荠苨有记载浙江天目山和安徽黄山也有分布,我们在天目山、黄山及安徽皖南的九华山及大别山区的万佛山采集了大量的该类群的标本,它们叶薄,叶基平截至宽楔形,是典型的薄叶荠苨性状,因此安徽没有荠苨,只在山区有薄叶荠苨分布。

另外,我们曾于1984年在山东崂山采集到一份标本,经鉴定,也与薄叶荠苨相同,叶薄而叶基楔形下延。

荠苨类植物,薄叶荠苨分布于北温带山区,叶薄是主要特征,属于耐寒种类,暖温带、亚热带地区较高海拔的山区也成了其生长区域,所以,在山东崂山、安徽大别山区的万佛山,皖南山区的黄山,九华山,浙江的天目山1000—1800 m均可见到大量分布的薄叶荠苨(见标本引证)。而薄叶荠苨的西部高海拔分布就被秦岭沙参所取代。

荠苨与琅琊山荠苨,不仅是形态上的差异,在分布上,两者均是丘陵地区种类,阳性植物,但荠苨分布仅限于暖温带地区,而琅琊山荠苨特产于安徽境内的长江与淮河之间丘陵地带的北亚热带地区,叶薄于荠苨,花为纯白色,并非像荠苨的花是由蓝、紫、白的过渡色(见荠苨标本引证)。

标本引证:

2.2.1 薄叶荠苨

China. Shandong(山东):Lao Shan(崂山),Aug. 1,1983,S. H. Huang & D. Q. Wang (黄世华,王德群),5878(ACM). Anhui(安徽):Huang Shan(黄山), July 28, 1979,X. F. Liu(刘晓帆) 4087(ACM);Huang Shan,Lianhuafeng(黄山,莲花峰),alt. 1700 m,in the mountain road under forest(山腰路旁林下),Oct. 15,1981,D. Q. Wang (王德群),3536(ACM);Huang Shan,Tiandufeng(黄山,天都峰),alt. 1700 m,at roadside(路边),May 8,1984,D. Q. Wang (王德群),6029(ACM);same locality (同地),alt. 1800 m,August,1994,D. Q. Wang (王德群),W94287(ACM);same locality (同地), Oct. 20,1991,D. Q. Wang (王德群),911020(ACM);same locality (同地),alt. 1700 m;July 12,1983,D. Q. Wang (王德群),5832(ACM);Huang Shan,Xihai(黄山西海),alt. 1700 m,at roadside(山坡路边),Sep. 14,1987,D. Q. Wang & W. T. Wang(王德群,王文采) 9041(ACM);Huang Shan,Beihai(黄山北海),alt. 1600—1800 m,at roadside(路边),May 12,1986,D. Q. Wang (王德群),8608(ACM);same locality (同地),alt. 1600 m,under forest(林下),fls. blue,July,D. Q. Wang (王德群),5218(ACM); Jiuhua Shan,Tian Tail(九华山天台),July 17,1983,D. Q. Wang & M. X. Li(王德群,李明星) 5855(ACM). Shucheng City,Wanfo Shan(舒城万佛山),at cliff edge(崖边),July, 2000,刘守金;采集号:万465(ACM);same locality (同地),Oct. 2,2000,S. J. Liu(刘守金)万1118(ACM);same locality (同地),at hillside of foresty centre(林场山坡),Apr. 7,2001,S. J. Liu(刘守金)万2234(ACM);same locality (同地),alt. 1400 m;July,2000,S. J. Liu(刘守金)万456(ACM)。

2.2.2 荠苨

Shandong(山东):Yantai City(烟台),alt. 50 m,at forest margin (林缘),fls. from white to light-blue (花白色至浅蓝色),Aug. 20,1987,D. Q. Wang (王德群),8927(ACM);Yantai City,Kongdongdao(烟台,崆峒岛),July 28,1983,D. Q. Wang (王德群),5873(ACM). Jangsu(江苏):Lianyungang City,Xugou Town,Beigushan(连云港,墟沟,北固山),July 13,1999,D. Q. Wang & S. J. Liu(王德群,刘守金) W990713(ACM).Beijing(北京):Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences · Peking Union medical college Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (中国医学科学院药用植物研究所),growth(栽培),Aug. 19,1987,D. Q. Wang (王德群),8942(ACM)。

3 鸭跖草科Commelinaceae

二色鸭跖草 图4

Commelina bicolor D. Q. Wang & M. E. Cheng, sp. nov.

Species nova haec est affinisC.communiL., quae foliis latioribus usque ad 2.2 cm latis, glabris vel eorum vaginis margine puberulis, bractea involucrali cordata dorso glabra, petalis cum unguibus totis caeruleis distinguitur.

Annual herbs. Stems ca.25 cm tall, below ca. 1.5 mm across, glabrous, branched. Leaves lanceolate, 3—5 cm long, 1—1.5 cm broad, on margin of base and apical part of sheath long ciliate, elsewhere glabrous. Cymes singly opposite to leaves, the lower one 1-flowered, the upper one 2—3-flowered; peduncles filiform, 0.8—2 cm long, glabrous; involucral bract spathe-like, conduplicate, reniform, 1.2—1.5 cm long, 0.6—0.8 cm broad, apex mucronate, base cordate, abaxially on central basal nerves villous; bracts obliquely elliptic, ca. 4 mm long, glabrous. Flower: Pedicels ca. 5 mm long, glabrous. Sepal 3, white, membranous, glabrous, upper one lanceolate, ca. 5 mm long. 1 mm broad, two lower ones obliquely ovate, ca. 4—5 mm long and broad. Petals 3, glabrous, two upper ones oribicular-ovate or broadly ovate, 8—13 mm long, 9—14 mm broad, upper most part deep-blue, basal part with claws (3 mm long) white, lower petal white, lanceolate, 7 mm long, 1 mm broad. Fertile stamens 3, glabrous; filaments ca. 10 mm long; anthers yellowish, narrowly oblong, ca. 1.5 mm long. Sterile stamens 3, glabrous; filaments 6—8 mm long; anthers orange, papilionaceous, ca. 1.5 mm long. Pistil glabrous; ovary narrowly oblong, ca. 1.8 mm long; style ca. 13 mm long. Capsule subglobose, ca. 5 mm long, 2-celled, 2-valved, with 4 seeds. Seeds black, subobovoid, 2—3 mm long, upper surface truncate, ventral surface flat, irregularly foveolate.

一年生草本。茎高约25 cm,下部粗约1.5 mm,无毛,分枝。叶披针形,长3—5 cm,宽1—1.5 cm,基部边缘和鞘顶部边缘被长缘毛,其他部分无毛。聚伞花序与叶对生,下部者具1花,上部者具2—3花;花序梗丝形,长0.8—2 cm,无毛;总苞片佛焰苞状,对折,肾形,长1—1.5 cm,宽1.5—1.9 cm,顶端具短尖头,基部心形,背面在中部基出脉上被长柔毛;苞片斜椭圆形,长约4 mm,无毛。花:花梗长约5 mm,无毛。萼片3,白色,膜质,无毛,上方1枚萼片披针形,长约5 mm,宽1 mm,2下方萼片斜卵形,长和宽各约4—5 mm。花瓣3,无毛,2上方花瓣圆卵形或宽卵形,长8—13 mm,宽9—14 mm,上方大部呈深蓝色,基部和长3 mm的爪呈白色,下方1枚花瓣白色,披针形,长7 mm,宽1 mm。能育雄蕊3,无毛;花丝长约10 mm;花药淡黄色,狭长圆形,长约1.5 mm。不育雄蕊3,无毛;花丝长6—8 mm;花药橙色,蝴蝶形,长约1.5 mm。雌蕊无毛;子房狭长圆形,长约1.8 mm;花柱长约1.3 mm。蒴果黑色,近倒卵球形,长2—3 mm,上面截平,腹面平,有不规则窝孔。

图4 二色鸭跖草 A.植株全形,B.总苞片, C.3花瓣, D.能育雄蕊,E.退化雄蕊,F.雌蕊。Figure 4 Commelina bicolorA. habit, B. Involucral bract, C. Three petals, D. fertile stamen, E. staminode, F. pistil. (from holotype)

China. Anhui(安徽):Feixi City, Daqian Shan (肥西县,大潜山),alt. 200 m,on grassly slope (山坡草地),June 29,2014,D. Q. Wang, Y. Y. Lu & L. Zhang (王德群,陆业银,张玲) W1406291 (holotype, PE);Chaohu City, Yinping Shan (巢湖市,银屏山),alt. 300 m,by road on slope (山坡路旁),Aug. 31,2014,D. Q. Wang(王德群) W14083102 (fl. & fr., ACM);same locality (同地),Aug. 31,2014,H. S. Peng & M. E. Cheng (彭华胜,程铭恩) 083101 (ACM). Hubei (湖北):Luotian City, Bedaofeng (罗田县,薄刀峰),alt. 600 m,by stream near road (路边沟畔),Aug. 3,2014,D. Q. Wang, Z. Qing & Y. Y. Lu (王德群,庆兆,陆业银) W1408032(fl. & fr., ACM)。

本种在亲缘关系方面接近鸭跖草CommelinacommunlisL.,与后者的区别在于本种的叶较狭窄,宽1—1.5 cm,基部及叶鞘顶部被长缘毛,总苞片肾形,背面中部脉上被长柔毛,花瓣上部深蓝色,基部连同爪部均呈白色。在鸭跖草,叶宽达2.2 cm,无毛或其鞘边缘被短柔毛,总苞片心形,背面无毛,花瓣与爪均呈深蓝色[7](P125-133)。

致谢深切感谢王文采院士对本文提出宝贵意见,并协助翻译中文特征集要为拉丁文,还深切感谢孙英宝先生为本文绘图。

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