低温等离子射频扁桃体及腺样体切除术治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的疗效

2019-11-19 02:59王淑珍郭良蓉王丹段星张秀菊姚远田永胜
中国现代医生 2019年25期
关键词:腺样体扁桃体等离子

王淑珍 郭良蓉 王丹 段星 张秀菊 姚远 田永胜

[摘要] 目的 探討低温等离子射频扁桃体及腺样体切除术治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的临床疗效及其手术安全性,为患者的诊疗提供指导。 方法 选取2016年4月~2018年6月在我院进行治疗的280例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患儿作为研究对象,按照治疗方式的不同,分为观察组(140例)和对照组(140例)。对照组给予鼻喷激素、孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片等药物治疗,观察组采用低温等离子射频扁桃体切除和(或)腺样体切除术。治疗完成3个月后,比较两种治疗模式的治疗效果,分别对观察组和对照组的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停-18(OSA-18)评分、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)以及最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)进行检测比较。 结果 观察组治疗的总有效率明显高于对照组,两组比较有统计学意义(χ2=12.12,P=0.00)。治疗后,观察组AHI指数、OSA-18评分均明显低于对照组,LSaO2高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组出现3例呼吸道感染患儿,不良反应率为2.14%;观察组出现2例呼吸道感染患儿,不良反应率为1.43%,两组不良反应率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.210,P>0.05)。 结论 低温等离子射频扁桃体切除和腺样体切除术治疗OSAHS的疗效显著,未见明显不良反应,治疗效果较为理想,在临床治疗上值得推广。

[关键词] 扁桃体;腺样体;低温等离子;阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征;儿童

[中图分类号] R766          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2019)25-0028-04

Therapeutic effect of low temperature plasma radiofrequency for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in the treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

WANG Shuzhen   GUO Liangrong   WANG Dan   DUAN Xing   ZHANG Xiuju   YAO Yuan   TIAN Yongsheng

E.N.T. Department, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing   100049, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and surgical safety of low-temperature plasma radiofrequency for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in the treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS), and to provide guidance for patients' diagnosis and treatment. Methods A total of 280 children patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome who were treated in our hospital from April 2016 to June 2018 were selected. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into observation group(140 cases) and control group(140 cases). The control group was given nasal spray of hormones, montelukast sodium chewable tablets and other medications for treatment. The observation group was given low-temperature plasma radiofrequency for tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. After 3 months of treatment, the therapeutic effects of the two treatment modes were compared. Obstructive sleep apnea-18(OSA-18) score, apnea hypopnea index(AHI), and minimum oxygen saturation(LSaO2) were detected and compared between the observation group and the control group. Results The total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(χ2=12.12, P=0.00). After treatment, the AHI index and OSA-18 score in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the LSaO2 was higher than that in the control group. The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). There were 3 children patients with respiratory infection in the control group, and the adverse reaction rate was 2.14%; there were 2 children patients with respiratory infection in the observation group, and the adverse reaction rate was 1.43%. There was no statistically significant difference in the adverse reaction rates between the two groups(χ2=0.210, P>0.05). Conclusion Low-temperature plasma radiofrequency for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in the treatment of OSAHS has a significant efficacy, and no obvious adverse reactions have been observed. The therapeutic effect is ideal and this method is worthy of promotion in clinical treatment.

近年来一种新技术——低温等离子系统开始应用于切除OSAHS患儿扁桃体、腺样体,其工作原理为通过特定超低频电能激发生理盐水产生等离子体,在40℃~60℃蛋白质可逆变范围内,产生声波打断分子键,完成对组织的切割,因此,该项技术相比于其他治疗手段具有时间短、出血量少、康复速度快的优势,但由于在临床治疗上对OSAHS认识的不够全面,以至于该项技术在临床治疗上未得到广泛应用。在罗惠秀等[18]研究中,80例采用扁桃体腺样体切除术治疗的OSAHS患儿症状均得到改善且治疗结果显示手术治疗有效率为100%。本研究结果显示采用扁桃体腺样体切除术治疗的患儿总有效率以及LSaO2含量高于采用其他治疗方式治疗的患儿;采用扁桃体腺样体切除术治疗患儿的AHI指数、OSA-18评分低于采用其他治疗方式的患儿。

对OSAHS患儿采用低温等离子射频技术下进行扁桃体切除和(或)腺样体切除治疗效果较保守治疗好,能有效改善其呼吸障碍与生活质量,不良反应轻,考虑其可能优势有:(1)对正常组织损伤小,最大程度地保留正常组织结构及功能,术后康复快,并发症少;(2)无辐射危害,无烟雾和异味,不起火花,更加安全;(3)由于等离子刀头细长,韧性良好,且功能作用点位于其末端,在手术时视野更加清晰,定位也更加准确;(4)止血效果较好,能有效封闭血管,反应程度轻,痛苦少,年龄较小的患儿更易接受。但术后仍会出现出血等并发症,且本研究纳入对象腺样体及扁桃体只有轻度肥大,并未纳入临床上具有打鼾、憋气等症状较严重的患儿,其远期疗效仍需要临床进一步研究。

综上所述,低温等离子射频扁桃体及腺样体切除术治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征疗效显著,值得广泛推广应用。

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(收稿日期:2019-05-15)

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