高中英语语法填空考点及解题技巧

2019-09-10 07:55陈辉
高考·下 2019年6期
关键词:横线复数连词

陈辉

自四川省高考加入全国卷考题行列以来,又一新的题型——语法填空,成为考察我们学生基础知识掌握和运用的一个重要环节,分数占比试卷总分的10%。而这一题型,把优生和差生的区别更加扩大化,因此,对于普通学生而言,掌握这一题型的考点,掌握基本的解题技巧无疑是缩小差距的捷径。近年来,我就从语法填空给词方向进行了探索,初步归纳成以下几个考点方向结合平时学生练习里出现的考题,供入门的学生进行参考。

基础知识

1.七有三无。(七个给词,三个不给词)

2.三无考点填介词,冠词,连词,三无只能填一个词。七有考代词,名词,形副词,动词的转化,要根据所给词的正确形式填,通常不超过3个词(比如形容词最高级the most beautiful,完成进行have/has/had been doing,完成被动have/has/had been done)。

3.注意基本词性搭配。形修名,副修动/形/副/介短/句子,动+宾,介+宾,冠+形+名,固定短语,非谓语动词(主动用Ving,被动用Ved,将要发生用to do等),时态搭配,主动被动,固定句型,it作形主或形宾。

考点及解题技巧归纳:

考点一:给名词

1.变复数(注意横线前后提示数量的各种限定词,比如both,two,several,there be 句型动词是are等)

2. 转化形容词(横线在be, 副词之后;或者横线后还有一个名词)

3. 转化成动词(注意句子成分分析,找准主句的主谓宾,再判定是做谓语还是非谓语)

注意:即可作名词,又可做动词的词,首先判断清楚横线上要填的词的词性。

例1. A few(stop) later, a passenger sat down next to Simmons and started a __(friend) conversation.(横线1考察复数名词,横线2考察形修名,答案分别是stops和friendly)

例2.Then he ____(stop) by a woman when he was at a red light.(考察被动语态,状语从句的was提示过去时态,答案为was stopped)

考點二:给代词

1.做主语用主格; 做宾语用宾格或反身代词; 做定语用形容词性物主代词(注意独立主格结构:形代+Ving。做主语也可以是主格+Ving,做宾语也可以是宾格+Ving); 做名词用名词性物主代词

2.It作形主或形宾

3.that做代词的用法,those用作that对应的复数

例1. (he) mother also said they still don’t know who the old woman is。(考察形容词性物主代词,答案为Her)

例2. After seeing this, she couldn’t help (she) and wanted to take Valentino out.(考察反身代词,答案为herself)

例3. I think _______ necessary to obey the rules while crossing the street.(考察it作形式宾语,答案为it)

考点三:给形容词

形变副;形变名(注意名词的正确形式,可数/不可数/单数/复数);比较级(注意比较级+than...;the+比..., the +比...;even/far/much/rather/a little/a bit +比);最高级(one of +最高级+复数名词;最高级+that I have ever done)

例1.The closer it gets, the(much) I think about how great it will be if I can just get out of bed when I’m seventy. (考察the+比..., the +比...结构,答案为more)

例2. Mike couldn't control his _________(angry) at last and cried __________(loud). (横线1前出现his,跟名词;横线2考察副词修动词,答案分别为anger和loudly)

考点四:给动词

1.变名词:动名词;可数/不可数/单数/复数名词

2.变形容词:专有形容词(比如vary-various; differ-different等);加ing或ed构成的形容词(比如excite-excited/exciting等);最难可能是形容词还要变副词

3. 作谓语:时态:Ves/Ved/现在进行时/过去进行时/现在完成时/过去完成时/……(注意时间标志词和上下文提示)

语态:主动;被动(be +Ved; have/has/had been done)

4.非谓语(作定语状语补语):Ving(主动/正在发生);Ved(被动/动作完成);to do(主动且将要发生/主动表被动/表目的/表结果only to do)

5. 固定短语 be busy doing/be worth doing/look forward to doing/see sb. do/doing/done……

6. 固定句型was/ were doing....when....;  It is adj. For sb. to do sth;……

例1.The man said that he was a maths(teach).(考察a+adj.+n,答案为teacher)

例2.The students are discussing ________(excite), nearly forgetting the time.(考察副词修饰动词,答案为excitedly)

例3.Brenda Pearson _________(work) when a customer walked in and ordered a hamburger.(考察固定句型was/were doing sth. When……,三单,答案为was working)

考点五:不给词

1.填冠词(冠词后一定能找到被限定的名词)

a/an(注意横线后的词是元音还是辅音开头); the (注意是否特指和特殊用法,比如文中第一次出现用a/an,第二次出现用the);固定短语搭配as a result/ in a word/as a matter of fact/to tell the truth/...

2.填介词

with/without 有/没有;in/on/to/above/……表地点,方位,方式等(固定搭配:with的复合结构/above all/ in other words/on the one hand...; on the other hand,.../ in fact/take care of...)

3.填连词

并列连词and/but/or ;状从连词because/as/since/for/so; though/although/as/while/but; when/while/as; if/unless/until;…… ;定从连词that/which/who/whose/whom/when/where/why;名從连词 that/what/where/when/how/why/if/whether;固定句型:强调句It is/was ... that....;时间It is/has been ... since……; This/It is/was the 序 time that ……; There’s no doubt that …….; was/were doing ... when ...等少数平时练习中会出现填代词或副词的情况。

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