飞机舷窗为何是圆形的

莫丽·古德费勒

While not everyone will have pondered the subject while staring out of the window during a flight， the question as to why aeroplanes have circular windows rather than square ones is interesting.

Over the years， aerospace engineering has made huge leaps in aeroplane technology， meaning planes can carry more passengers and go faster. The planes have also changed shape to increase safety—including the windows.

In the 1950s， when jetliners were starting to become mainstream， the De Havilland Comet1 came into fashion. With a pressurised cabin， it was able to go higher and faster than other aircraft.

However， the plane had square windows and in 1953 two planes fell apart in the air， killing 56 people in total.

The reason for the crashes？ The windows.

Where there’s a corner， there’s a weak spot. Windows， having four corners， have four potential weak spots， making them likely to crash under stress—such as air pressure.

By curving the window， the stress that would eventually crack the window corner is distributed and the likelihood of it breaking is reduced.

在飛行过程中，许多人都喜欢眺望窗外，欣赏云海。但并非每个人都会思索这样一个问题，那就是，为什么舷窗是圆形的而不是方形的。这个问题很有趣。

多年来，航空航天工程在飞机技术上已经取得了长足的进展，这意味着飞机不仅在搭载人数上有所增加，而且在飞行速度上也有所提高。同时，为了提高飞机的安全性，飞机在外形上也做出了相应的改变。舷窗，便是变化之一。

20世纪50年代，喷气式客机开始成为主流，德·哈维兰“彗星”客机便是当时的主要机型。增压座舱的诞生，使得喷气式飞机可以比其他飞机飞得更高更快。

然而，该机型舷窗是方形的，1953年，该机型两架客机在空中解体坠毁，共造成56人死亡。

悲剧发生的原因是什么？答案是：舷窗。

哪里有拐角，哪里就有弱点。方形舷窗有四个角，就有着四个潜在的薄弱点，使它们很可能在大气压等压力作用下破裂。

因此，让窗缘线条弯曲，来分散窗口四角的压力，从而大大降低了窗户破碎的可能性。

（译者单位：天津外国语大学滨海外事学院）