高考英语专题完形填空解题技巧指导

马广谋

完型填空试题主要特点

高考完型填空通常从一篇250词左右，夹叙夹议的文章中设空20个，首句不挖空.没有严格遵循答题步骤：很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章，单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。

正确的完形填空的解题步骤

细读首句，跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意.结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案.瞻前顾后，先易后难， 个个击破.再读全文，反复检查.

细读文章的第一句话：

高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是完整的。该句往往就是主题句（Topic Sentence），这就为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个“窗口”，它的句意往往为全文提供中心信息，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主题。

充分重视首句的标示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，争取开局胜利。

对于叙事，描述类文章。短文的首句，往往点明故事发生的人物（who），时间（when），地点（where），和事件（what）等背景情况。例：

It was a busy morning，about 8：30，when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital .

对于论述文，首句表明了论述的主题。起到揭示主题的作用。例如：

A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. A letter can be enjoyed， read and 21 .

结合选项

高考完形填空考什么？考词汇题，句际关系；篇章结构（语境） .

词汇题：

1.复现

I had some 28 in my pocker， but I would not give them to him， thinking to myself he would 29（ only） use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol.

28. A. chocolates B. coins C. tins D. drugs

2.词语的习惯用法和固定搭配

The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting area， 37（telling） him it would be at least 40 minutes 38（before） someone would be able to see him .

36 A. breath B. test C. seat D. break

语境-固定搭配：C

3.根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义

The happiest people dont 53（necessarily ） have the best of everything；they just 54 the best of everything they have .

54 A. learn B make C.favor D.try

語境-词义辨析B

4.根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行选择

Born in America ， I spoke English not Chinese， the language of my ancestors . When I was three . my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face ， but I pushed them 37 （aside ） ， ……

36. A. Customer B. games C .characters D. language

常识、背景知识C

句际关系：1.语法手段.2.逻辑手段

1.语法手段

I then 32（realized ） I had no right to place myself above 33 just because he was busking.

33. A. it B. all C. him D. them

语法-指代：C

As a policeman，I saw 27 there was violence， drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging 28（impact） on the kids. ”

27. A. where B. unless C. as D. whether

语法-句型：A.宾语从句

2.逻辑手段

Bean is a white dog， quite handsome and very 38 .

38. A. smart B.sweet C.slow D.shy

语境-同类并列关系：A

Then she looked at my father and replied，“You are 40（wrong）.

This is not the worst boy at all， 41

the smartest one who hasnt yet found an outlet（释放的途径）for his enthusiasm.”

41. A.but B.so C.and D.or

语境-转折关系、搭配：A

总之完型填空考查内容为：语篇信息（语境理解），其中包括：词汇手段；语法手段；逻辑手段.解题过程中应做到：注意上下文语境（context）；了解常识背景（common sense）；掌握习惯搭配（phrases & idioms）；运用词义辨析 （comparison）；运用语法分析（grammar analysis）；运用逻辑分析 （logical analysis ）；运用排除法 （exclusive method ）.

（作者单位：陕西省咸阳市百灵学校）