张千
【摘 要】本文论述了编程机器人搭配直流电机跑偏问题的分析与研究过程及改善方案。常规方案下,机器人原地转弯角度与直线运行角度偏差都大于15度,在组合运行时的角度偏角度最大偏差大于30度,无法满足儿童(学生)用户编程教育的使用需求。通过系统的测试分析发现,跑偏的原因是左右两边直流电机转速差异偏大、齿轮箱结构干涉、缺少精确的校准机制及最大速度的启停。针对以上现象,首先在原材料端管控直流电机转速的一致性;结构干涉修正及装配的一致性管控;硬件端增加增量式码盘与光电开关;软件端加入PID算法,控制转弯角度,实现机器人在运行中实时对角度进行修正,同时增加阶梯式启动与停止方案。此套系统性方案解决了编程机器人在平整地面直线运行时的跑偏问题,极大的提升了用户对产品的体验,为该产品按时量产和及时推向了市场提供了必要条件。
【关键词】编程机器人;传感器;齿轮;码盘;PID算法;角度偏差
中图分类号: TP391.41 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 2095-2457(2019)11-0060-003
DOI:10.19694/j.cnki.issn2095-2457.2019.11.028
【Abstract】This paper discusses the analysis and research process and improvement scheme of the programming robot with DC motor deviation. Conventionally, a typical deviation between the in-situ turning angle and the straight-line running angle for the robot is greater than 15 degrees, and the combined angular deviation can be 30 degree and higher, which is beyond the acceptable tolerance of children (student) user programming education. Based on analysis and statistic testing data, it is found that the deviation is resulting from the large difference between the left and right DC motor speeds, the interference of the gear box structure, the lack of accurate calibration mechanism, and the high speed starting and stopping. To improve the performance, the following has been implemented: Firstly, control the DC motor speed consistency for all incoming motor products; Secondly, correct and correct the structural interference during products assembly; thirdly, add incremental opto-interrupter and PID algorithm to realize real time angle control and correction; Also, step based starting and stopping mechanism is implemented. With these systematic solutions in place, the robot running deviation on a flat ground has been reduced to neglectable, and the users experience improved greatly, which secured the mass-production quality assurance and timely to market demands.
【Key words】Programming robot; Sensor; Gear; Opto interrupter; PID algorithm; Angle deviation
1 項目背景
随着人工智能时代的到来,非常多的工作岗位将会被机器人所取代。家长也意识到了这一点,为了不让自己的孩子输在起跑线,从小学,更有甚者从学前阶段就开始让孩子学习编程。同时,在国家层面,教育部在2018年初的1号文件就已发布,将人工智能纳入了中小学的课程,也就是说STEAM教育将与学科课程并列设置成为中小学生的一门“必修课”。编程是儿童思考与动手实践相结合的课程,不但能培养孩子们的逻辑思维能力,还能在分析问题与解决问题过程中激发孩子无限的想象力与创造力。
葡萄纬度科技有限公司所创导的理念是“科技陪伴成长”,在2018年开发了这款编程机器人产品,这是一款移动平台和百变积木相结合的机器人,在主控上以积木拼搭出不同形象呈现。用户可以根据说明书或APP的指导搭建出自己喜欢的机器人形象,然后用非常清晰而简单的图形化程序语言去编程控制机器人,通过搭建与创造实体机器人与对应APP的结合,让孩子在玩的过程中逐步提升动手能力和编程能力,益智益趣,可以让孩子们充分体验在玩中学习的快乐。
2 工作原理