如何在短文改错中多拿分

摘 要：短文改错是孩子们最发愁的题目，也是得分率低的一个题目。如何在做短文改错时多拿些分，这是本文笔者要和大家探讨的一个问题。

关键词：短文改错;格式;动词

一、 孩子们在做题时存在各种问题。概括起来有这么几点：

1. 格式不正确。这个很重要，老师们一定要反复查看，落实到个人。不能说“我说了好多遍你怎么还不会？”这其中还包括孩子们的侥幸心理，有时改动十一二处，这反而会弄巧成拙，有把握的题算不上分。有关格式，老师们都知道，在此不再赘述。

2. 字迹要清楚，卷面要整齐。不要反复涂改。

3. 拼写要正确，严格讲知识不存在界限，不能说这是你初中知识，不归我管，实际上，教书者，你哪儿不会我就教你哪儿。所以笔者课上也强调如何变过去式，如何变进行时。点点滴滴要落到实处。

4. 再就是时间分配不合理，在改错上纠结的时间太长，越是找不到越要找，浪费了太多时间而收效甚微。

5. 其实孩子们存在的最大问题是找不到错误，甚至有孩子说人家写的比我好多了，我的错误更多。让人哭笑不得。

二、 下面笔者根据多年的教学经验，总结出来一些短文改错常见考点供大家商讨，多提宝贵意见。

（一） 动词

请看下面一些例句

1）I win a national prize for painting last week. 2）I got a letter that said that I had been admitting to a college. 3）One day， while my friend and I was traveling through Germany... 4）I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future. 5）I am very excited to have accepted an e-mail from you.（too...to）

我们从例句中可以看到：

* （例1和例2）动词的时态和语态几乎是必考的。

inform这个词通常都是被动形式

* 例3 主谓一致的问题。这其中要注意这几个重点结构

as well as/with/along with/together with/rather than/including/like/such as/but， except/besides）——就远原则or/either...or/neither...nor/there be——就近原则

* 例4 短语中to后面用原形还是doing的问题

in order to/so as to/be supposed to/be expected to 后用动词原形。其他带to的短语后一般都用doing

（二） 名詞

1）I found most lesson rather uninteresting. 2）Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class. 3）The play tells humorous stories that happen in Mr. Green family.

我们看到名词的单复数以及所有格也是考察较多的，注意下面的特殊名词

* fun/progress/典型代表

* /equipment/advice/furniture/cash/

* suggestions/thanks/congratulations/instructions/clouds

（三） 冠词

1）I had a interesting dream last night. 2）One day， our school held party. 3）Im glad you have made such a great progress that ....

冠词也几乎必考。

* a/an的问题多关注下面几个词honest/honor/hour;usual/unusual

* 几个句型要牢记 It is a great pity that/It is a great pleasure that/have a good knowledge of/cover an area of/a success/a failure/a surprise

* lost in thought/lose heart/underconstruction/out of danger/in danger

* hit sb. On the head/be paid by the hour

* in（the）charge of/go to（the）church/be in（the）prison/be ill in（the）bed

of an age/of the same age

（四） 形容词和副词

1）They are cheap and they really taste well. 2）We can hear birds singing happy all around. 3）A helping hand is always stronger enough to lift you up. 4）Both the diet and the exercise will help me to lose weight and feel more better. 5）Haring the news， he felt disappointing. 6）They went hone， tired and hungrily.

形容词和副词是永恒的考题

* taste/look/sound/feel/smell/remain/get/become/seem/appear/grow/turn/+adj（stay awake/fall ill/fall asleep）

* see/notice/observe/hear/watch/等感官动词考察宾语补足语，如果宾语补足语的动作正在发生，就用doing如例2如果賓语补足语的动作已经结束或者看到或听到了全过程则用省to的不定式。如果宾语和它的补足语之间是被动关系则用done.

* 形容词的比较级和最高级也是必考项目

要注意比较级前程度副词的正确运用Much/far/a lot/even/a little/a bit+比较级。还要注意句型如 more and more beautiful/richer and richer/The higher you stand， the further you will see./I cant agree more/It couldnt better.

* ing和ed的转换是形容词的考点最爱。

* 例6 形容词做状语的情况也要介绍给学生。

* 句首的副词修饰后面整句话

（五） 连词

1）Im trying to improve the situation and it doesnt seem to work. 2）I became very active but made new friends. 3）Because you have visited Greece several times， so Id like to know...

连词的考察重点大家都知道

* and/but/so/therefore/however等之间的互相转换

* 固定搭配 whether...or/either...or/neither...nor/not ...but/not only...but also/be about to do...when/was（were）doing...when/had done...when/be busy doing...when/.be at the point of doing...when/hardly...when/no sooner...than 等

* 不连用问题 because/so;although/but;return/back;hear from/letter;enter/into

* 近义词和反义词的问题 three days later/after three days/three days ago/

* and前后形态一致的问题

* 形似但意义不同的词和短语besidebesides; passpast/beused to doing/used to do/be used to do/

以上为笔者提供的一些个人总结，欢迎同仁们补充和指正

参考文献：

[1]赫艳馨.英语“短文改错”面面观[J].疯狂英语（爱英语），2018（5）.

[2]梁世杰.短文改错解析[J].中学英语园地（高一版），2005（2）.

作者简介：

王俊梅，山西省太原市，山西省太原市阳曲县阳曲一中。