小议任务型阅读解题技巧

任务型阅读是江苏高考卷的一个重要组成部分，它既考查了学生的阅读理解能力，又考查了学生对基础知识和基础语言的运用能力。我们需要完成10个空格的填词任务，这10个空格所需填写的词汇包含信息查找、信息转换以及信息概括三种主要情况。要高效完成这一题型的解答，我们可以遵循以下几个重要的答题步骤：

一、看图表（Read）：利用图表结构和内容帮助理解短文，把握短文的主题思想和理清短文的主体结构。

二、读文章（Scan）& 找细节（Find）：通读、细读和复读文章，分析、理顺表格线索，寻找确定答案的关键词语。

三、填单词（Fill）：书写工整、语言规范，注意同一级栏目下词形的一致性以及字母的大小写。

在日常学习中，我们需要从以下几方面为该题型做准备：

1. 首先要积累并掌握常用的概括性的词汇（部分）：definition， introduction， theme， conclusion， evaluation， comparison， reason， cause， result， effect， consequence， advice， suggestion， tip， measure， solution， way （to do / of doing）， approach （to sth.或doing）， feature， characteristic， benefit， advantage， disadvantage， differences， similarities， types， kinds， purpose， aim， etc.

2. 我们还要注意表达的切换及词汇的变形，如：

belong to the club—a member / one of the members of the club; object to—was opposed to—oppose—in opposition to; cant be accepted—be unacceptable; miss our homeland and family—homesick; be addicted to—be hooked on; didnt respond to—made no response to—said nothing in response to...; accompany sb.—keep sb. company; accuse... of...—charge... with...; cant （help / choose） but do—have no alternative / choice but to do...; apply to...—make an application to...; an approach to doing...—a way to do / of doing; approve of—subscribe to—in favor of—support; be beneficial to—be of benefit to—benefit...; be determined to do—be bent on doing...; go aboard...—go on board...—board...; be bored with—be tired of—be fed up with; do sth. with caution—do sth. cautiously; do sth. with enthusiasm—do sth. enthusiastically; Its likely that—The chance is that / Chances are that—There is a chance （are chances） that...—Theres possibility / probability that...; compared to / with—in comparison with...; compensate for—make up for; congratulate sb. on sth.—show / express congratulations to sb. on sth.; as a result—in consequence; consist of—be made up of—be composed of; agree with—correspond with / to—be consistent with; deserve to be praised—deserve praising; tell the difference between...and...—tell / distinguish between...and...—tell / distinguish... from...—tell... apart—make the distinction between...and...; divorce sb.—got divorced from sb.; face sth.—be faced with sth.; do good to—be good for...; be merciful to—have mercy on—show mercy to...; have prejudice against—be prejudiced against; like sth. better—prefer sth.—have a preference for...; a little—slightly; thank sb.—be grateful to sb.; draw near—around the corner; dont know...—have no idea / knowledge of...; get on ones knees—kneel down; be discovered—come to light; occur to sb.—strike sb.; get over difficulties—overcome difficulties; participate in—join in—take part in; improve—polish up; delay—put off—postpone; take pride in—be proud of; deliberately—on purpose—by design; turn ones dream into reality—realize ones dream; reflect on—think about; look like sb.—resemble sb.; be protected by—under the umbrella of...; make a summary of...—summarize...; be superior to—be better than; ones cup of tea—to ones taste; tend to do—have a tendency to do...; be tired—be worn out; be worth doing—be worthy of being done / to be done—doing sth. is worthwhile。

3. 動词转化成名词，表示人的名词常加er，有时加or，如：

survivor， creator， calculator， investor， investigator， instructor， visitor， negotiator， inspector， educator， operator， communicator等。

4. 我们还应注意一些常用的加前缀的词，如：unequal / inequality; improper; inappropriate; insufficient; dishonest（y）; uncomfortable; discomfort; un（dis）satisfied; dissatisfaction等。

相对近几年任务型阅读的难度，2018年此种题型难度平稳，是整套试卷较难的部分，要想拿高分需要较扎实的基本功和变通能力。只要我们在平时的学习过程中注意扩充词汇量，不断积累词形转换以及同义、近义词和短语，并将解题技巧巧妙运用，要在任务型阅读这一题型上取得高分还是不成问题的。

（作者：姜加琴，江苏省海安市实验中学）