英文摘要

FromCollectionstoExhibitions,FromtheSilenttotheNarrator

——Exploring the Four Modes of Converting Collections into Exhibits

and the Communication Effects in Science Museums

Yin Yuan Wang Jiawei Su Xin

Abstract:A fundamental difference between modern science museums and traditional museums lies in whether the collections have been converted into exhibitions. For science museums, the quality and function realizing of their exhibitions depend on the depth and quality of the conversion. Through theoretical research and practical analysis, this paper proposes four modes for coverting collections into exhibitions. They are text-graphic conversion, multimedia conversion, interactive conversion from mechanical to electrical designs and conversion of narrative scenes . These four modes will help fully activate functions of collections , dig their cultural and scientific connotation and finally realize the multiple values of exhibits and education activities in science museums.

Keywords:science museums, collections, exhibits, conversion modes

SituationalCommunicationBasedonScienceandTechnologyCollections

Zhou Lixiao

Abstract:Some general problems, including low level of exhibitions’ designing, monotonous mode of communication and lack of deep connotation, were found in science and technology museums of China for the past few years. Based on research results from history of science, philosophy of science and technology as well as museology, also applied theories of pedagogy, psychology and communication, this paper explores a method of situational communication to strengthen visitors’ experience and enhance their cognition by using various media and science and technology collections. Although history can’t repeat itself, people can trace to the beginning of science and technology, understand the background and, development of science, the great changes caused by science to the world and contributions that key persons made. All these goals can be achieved by demonstrating scientific and technological collections and interpreting their connotation. Audiences have the opportunity to experience the culture of science, to be inspired by scientific achievements, and also look forward to the future of science and technology.

Keywords:science museums, scientific and technological communication, science and technology collections, situational design

MultidimensionalInformationandMultidimensionalCommunicationofScience

andTechnologyCollections

——Taking the Thematic Education Activity Explore Chimes’ Mystery as an Example

Zhang Wenjuan Yuan Hui

Abstract:At present, more and more attention has been paid on educational goals and the intangible nature of exhibits by museums. Multidimensional information, including knowledge, processes, methods, attitudes, values and social environment, truly reflects the educational value of science and technology collections. It is also the basis to set the goals of multidimensional education, which need to be realized through multidimensional communication and educational activities. Taking the imitation of chime bells in Warring States period as center, China Science and Technology Museum organized a series of educational activities on the theme of Explore Chimes’ Mystery. The audience was guided to explore the multidimensional information such as musical theory of Chimes, bronze smelting casting, the connotation of its decoration patterns, the history and culture and the social environment, etc. It provides new ideas for the public communication of ancient science and technology collections. This paper uses a design-based research method to develop a lesson plan, in which multidimensional communication/educational design framework was applied and proven to be effective by post-activity assessment.

Keywords:science and technology museums, science and technology collections, multidimensional information, multidimensional communication, educational activities

CreatingDistinguishingFeaturesofScienceMuseums

——The Communication Strategy based on Collections

Guo Ziruo

Abstract:At present, insufficient attention has been paid to scientific and technological collections in science and technology museums of China. Due to failure on taking full advantage of historical significance and rich connotation from collections, their story lines of exhibitions are not attractive enough to visitors. Meanwhile, there is a lack with intense academic research efforts on collections in science and technology museums of China. Based on the investigation and analysis for the exhibition “Endeavour and California Story”, which was being shown in public in the California Science Center, and combined with the relevant concepts of “scenario teaching method”, immersion and cognition as well, this paper explored the special role scientific collections played in story-telling, ideological connotation deepening, cultural and creative products developing, and distinguishing features creating in science and technology museums.

Keywords:science and technology museums, science and technology collections, exhibition plan, communication strategy

ThoughtsontheConstructionofScientificResearchCentersinNaturalHistoryMuseums

——A Case Study of Chongqing Natural History Museum

Jiang Tao Ouyang Hui

Abstract:Natural history museums account for only 2.2 percent of the country’s rated museums, and even fewer of them has set up scientific research centers. Investigations on existing scientific research centers in natural history museums have shown that they can’t be regarded as relatively independent research entities, and must rely firmly on operating departments in museums. Therefore, there is no successful case to follow for the construction of scientific research centers in natural history museums. Taking the construction of such a center in Chongqing Natural History Museum as an example, this paper deeply considered problems that encountered during the construction process, and put forward countermeasures for the future construction of scientific research centers in natural history museums.

Keywords:natural history museums, scientific research centers, laboratory

ThinkandPracticeLikeaScientist

——Development Ideas of Science Education Curriculum for Museum-School Collaboration

based on Science and Technology Museum Resources

Lu Wenwen

Abstract:As part of museum-school collaboration, many science educational programs are designed on the basis of museum exhibitions and education resources. But they pay more attention on science curriculum standards than educational principles and aims. Combining with the development trendy of international science education, this paper deeply analyzes the criteria of domestic curriculum, and suggests the goal of these science educational programs should be guiding the public to think and practice like scientists. “Think and practice like a scientist” also should be the first rule for science educational programs designing. By using this design idea, the program “cycle racing” has obtained satisfactory results.

Keywords:science and technology museum, museum-school collaboration, exhibition and education resources, science education curriculum, development

ThinkingandPracticeofUsingPBLTeachingMethodto

CarryOutSTEMEducationActivities

——Take the Science Education Activities in Changchun China Optical Science

and Technology Museum as an Example

Han Yingying Zhu Heyu Jia Xiaoyang

Abstract:In recent years, many science and technology museums have carried out STEM education programs. Many problems have also appeared in this process, such as some programs strayed from core ideas of STEM education and the teaching effect was proved to be dissatisfactory. Through literature research and the study of pedagogical theory, this paper regards STEM education as a kind of interdisciplinary inquiry learning based on science and engineering practice. With the dual characteristics of project practice and inquiry learning, PBL teaching method provides an effective teaching tool to guarantee the teaching effect of STEM education projects. On this basis, Changchun China Optical Science and Technology Museum applied PBL teaching method to design project practice in STEM education programs.

Keywords:science and technology museum, STEM education, PBL

StudyonThreeLettersfromEinsteintoBesso

Jiang Che

Abstract:Three letters from Albert Einstein to Michele Besso were exhibited at “A Century of Instruments”, an exhibition hosted by the Tsinghua University Science Museum, from April to May 2019. These letters were dated November 17, 1909, May 28, 1921 and March 6, 1952, reflecting Einstein’s scientific and social activities in his youth, prime and senectitude respectively. This paper examines the text and publication of these three letters, and made a new translation from the original German text. The last section analyses Einstein’s interaction with Besso, the influence of the tests of general relativity, and one of Einstein’s scientific instruments, which would be of interest to Chinese audience.

Keywords:Albert Einstein, Michele Besso, correspondence, history of science, philology research

“Birth”and“Rebirth”ofChina’sFirstThree-Degreeof

FreedomFlightSimulationPlatform

Liu Niankai

Abstract:The Tsinghua University Science Museum has a three-degree-of-freedom flight simulation platform developed in 1959, which was the first of its kind in China. This paper mainly introduces the “birth” of the three-degree-of-freedom flight simulation platform -- its development background, development process and the “rebirth” -- its rediscovery as a museum piece. Professor Zhong Shimo, the founding Chair of Department of Automatic Control at Tsinghua University, supervised the developing of this flight simulation platform(aka Large 11). In 1958, he also arranged the developing of the one-degree-of-freedom flight simulation platform (aka Small 11). As an important scientific heritage of Tsinghua university, the rediscovery of this three-degree of freedom flight aimulation platform depends on the establishment of Department of the History of Science at Tsinghua University and preparations for Tsinghua Science Museum.

Keywords:science museums, science and technology collections, three-degree-of-freedom flight simulation platform, history of science

ResearchonLearningEfficacyofSchoolVisitstoScienceandTechnologyMuseums

Li Xiuju

Abstract:Based on the sociocultural theory, two Israeli scholars designed a research project to investigate the process of student-groups visiting to four natural history museums. This paper analyzed the forms of activities, interactions among students and the contents and methods museum staff used for guiding these students. And the learning effects made by different strategies for student-groups visiting were also discussed. The research showed that traditional contents and methods of museum guiding did neither go with the development trend of contemporary science education nor accord with the new pursuit of learning effect in museums. The contents, methods, results and theoretical basis of this study are enlightening to science and technology museums in China.

Keywords:museum, informal science education, tour guide, learning efficacy

TheContributionofScience-richResourcestoPublicScienceInterest(PartI)

John H. Falk Scott Pattison David Meier David Bibas Kathleen Livingston

Translated by Yang Yujuan

Abstract:This preliminary study examined the effect that five major sources of public science education—schools, science centers, broadcast media, print media, and the Internet—had on adults’ science interest values and cognitive predispositions. Over 3,000 adults were sampled in three U.S. metropolitan areas. By literature review, this section introduced the research question of relationship between adults’ current science interest values and cognitive predispositions and the frequency of adults current and prior use of science resource. Data was collected by CATI system drawn from random samples of residents in each of the three communities: LA, Phoenix, and Philadelphia, and variables were analyzed by PCA for final items in the questionnaire, while demographic variables were analyzed at the mean time.

Keywords:free-choice learning, science interest, learning ecosystem, relevance, science interest